Ukubambisana Kwamazwe E-G20
Iqembu Lamashumi Amabili, elaziwa nangokuthi i-G20, liyinkundla yamazwe ngamazwe ehlanganisa amazwe ayi-19 amakhulu emhlabeni, kanye ne-European Union. Yasungulwa ngo-1999 njengenkundla yongqongqoshe bezezimali kanye nababusi bamabhange amakhulu ukuze baxoxe ngezindaba ezibalulekile eziphathelene nomnotho womhlaba, i-G20 isiphenduke yaba yinkundla ehamba phambili yokubambisana kwezomnotho nezezimali emhlabeni wonke. Ngokuhlanganisa amazwe athuthukile nasathuthuka, i-G20 idlala indima ebalulekile ekubhekaneni nezinselele zomhlaba wonke kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho okusimeme nokubandakanya wonke umuntu.
Amalungu e-G20 Nezindima Zawo
Amalungu e-G20 ahlanganisa i-Argentina, i-Australia, iBrazil, iCanada, iShayina, iFrance, iJalimane, i-India, i-Indonesia, i-Italy, iJapan, iMexico, iRussia, iSaudi Arabia, iNingizimu Afrika, iNingizimu Korea, iTurkey, i-United Kingdom, i-United States kanye ne-European Union. Ngokubambisana, la malungu amele cishe u-85% womkhiqizo wasekhaya (i-GDP) womhlaba wonke, u-75% wezohwebo zamazwe ngamazwe, kanye cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu bomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, izinqumo ezenziwe kulesi sithangami zinomthelela omkhulu emnothweni womhlaba.
Imigomo kanye Nemisebenzi ye-G20
Umgomo oyinhloko we-G20 ukukhuthaza ukuzinza komnotho womhlaba wonke, ukuxhumanisa izinqubomgomo zomnotho phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu, kanye nokubhekana nezinkinga ezingenakuxazululwa yinoma yiliphi izwe ngalinye. Ukuze kufezwe imigomo yayo, i-G20 ihlonza futhi iphendule ezindabeni ezibalulekile njengokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukungalingani komnotho womhlaba wonke, kanye nokuguqulwa kohlelo lwezezimali lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngezingxoxo nezivumelwano, i-G20 ifuna izixazululo ezihlangene kanye nezinqubomgomo ezingasetshenziswa emazingeni kazwelonke nakwamanye amazwe.
Izimpumelelo Eziyinhloko ze-G20
Kusukela yasungulwa, i-G20 idlale indima ebalulekile ekubhekaneni nezinselele eziningi zomnotho womhlaba. Enye yempumelelo ephawulekayo ye-G20 kwaba ukuphendula kwayo enkingeni yezezimali yomhlaba wonke ka-2008. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-G20 yadlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni ukuvuselelwa kwezezimali kanye nezezimali ukuze kubuyiselwe ukuzethemba kwemakethe futhi kukhuthazwe ukukhula komnotho. Ingqungquthela eLondon ngo-Ephreli 2009 yaholela esivumelwaneni sephakheji yokuvuselela engu-$1,1 trillion ukusekela umnotho womhlaba, kanye nezinyathelo eziningana zokuguqula imithetho yamabhange neyezezimali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-G20 iphinde yasebenza njengenkundla yezingxoxo zokuguqula uhlelo lwezimali lwamazwe ngamazwe, okuhlanganisa nokuqinisa indima ye-International Monetary Fund (IMF) kanye nokubhekana nokungalingani komhlaba wonke. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-G20 igxile ezindabeni ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izibophezele ekusebenziseni iSivumelwano saseParis kanye nokukhuthaza intuthuko esimeme ngeNqubomgomo Yentuthuko ka-2030.
Izinselele kanye nokugxekwa kwe-G20
Naphezu kwempumelelo yayo ebalulekile, i-G20 ayizange ihlale ingenakho ukugxekwa. Okunye ukugxekwa okukhulu ukuntuleka kokumelwa kwamazwe amaningana asathuthuka angaphandle kwamalungu eqembu anengeniso ephakathi kuya kwephezulu. Lokhu kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuba semthethweni kwe-G20 kanye nekhono layo lokumela izintshisekelo zezomnotho zomhlaba wonke ezibanzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukahluka kwezintshisekelo phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu kuvame ukwenza kube nzima ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni ngezindaba ezinkulu. Amanye amazwe angamalungu angase abe nezinto ezibalulekile ezingqubuzanayo noma ezihluke kakhulu kwezenqubomgomo, okwenza kube nzima nge-G20 ukuthatha isinyathelo esisebenzayo ngokubambisana.
Enye inselele ye-G20 imisebenzi yayo yomhlaba wonke, ehlanganisa hhayi nje izindaba zomnotho kodwa futhi nezinkinga zomphakathi nezemvelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Njengoba lezi zinselelo zingaphezu kwemingcele, i-G20 kumele iguquke ukuze ivumelane nezimo zomhlaba ezishintshayo futhi iqinisekise ukuthi izinqubomgomo ezamukelwe ziyahambisana nesikhathi.
Ikusasa Lokubambisana kwe-G20
Kusukela manje, ukusebenza kahle kwe-G20 kuzoncika ekhonweni lamalungu ayo lokunqoba izintshisekelo ezahlukene nokufinyelela izinqumo ezizuzisayo zombili. Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi i-G20 yandise ukucaca kanye nokubandakanya zonke izinqubo zayo zokwenza izinqumo. Ukubambisana okwandisiwe nezinye izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, ama-NGO, kanye nomkhakha ozimele nakho kungasiza i-G20 ukuthi iklame izixazululo eziphelele kakhulu zezinselelo zomhlaba wonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-G20 idinga ukuzivumelanisa njalo nohlelo lwayo ukuze luhambisane nokuguquguquka komhlaba wonke. Izinkinga ezifana nokushintsha kwezomnotho, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye nokuphepha kwe-inthanethi kudinga ukunakwa okukhulu ngenxa yendima ebaluleke kakhulu yobuchwepheshe emnothweni womhlaba. Ngokufanayo, ukugcizelela ekusimeni nasekubhekaneni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kumele kuhlale kuyinto eza kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhula komnotho esikhathini esizayo akuzi ngokulahlekelwa imvelo kanye nenhlalakahle yomphakathi womhlaba.
I-G20 ingacabanga nezindlela zokubandakanya kangcono amazwe angewona amalungu ezingxoxweni nasezinqubweni zokwenza izinqumo. Ngokubandakanya ababambiqhaza abengeziwe, i-G20 ingathuthukisa ukuba semthethweni kwayo kanye nokusebenza kwayo njengesithangami esihamba phambili sokubambisana komnotho womhlaba wonke.
Isiphetho
I-G20 iyipulatifomu ebalulekile yokuxoxisana nokubambisana ekubhekaneni nezinselele zomnotho womhlaba wonke. Naphezu kokubhekana nokugxekwa nezinselele, i-G20 yenze intuthuko enkulu ekwakheni izinqubomgomo zokusekela ukuzinza nokukhula komnotho womhlaba wonke. Ukuqhubekela phambili, ngokuzivumelanisa nezinselele ezintsha nokwandisa ukubandakanywa, i-G20 inamandla okuphumelela kakhulu ekufezeni imigomo yezomnotho womhlaba wonke ekhonza izintshisekelo ezibanzi. Ngakho-ke, kulindeleke ukuthi i-G20 iqhubeke nokudlala indima ebalulekile ekudaleni umhlaba ozinzile, ochumayo, nozinzile.
