Indima Yama-hormone Ekukhiqizeni
Ukuzala kungenye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yezinto eziphilayo ukuze lolu hlobo luphile. Kuhilela inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi elawulwa ama-hormone ahlukahlukene asebenza ngokubambisana ukuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa, ukuthuthukiswa kombungu, kanye nokuzalwa. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngendima yama-hormone abalulekile ekuzaleni kwabantu.
Ama-hormone kanye nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini
Kwabesifazane, umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini uyinqubo yanyanga zonke elungiselela umzimba ukukhulelwa. Yisibonelo esisobala kakhulu sendlela ama-hormone alawula ngayo umsebenzi wokuzala. Umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini ojwayelekile uhlala cishe izinsuku ezingu-28 futhi uhlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana: isigaba se-follicular, i-ovulation, kanye nesigaba se-luteal.
1. Isigaba se-Follicular
Lesi sigaba siqala ngosuku lokuqala lokuya esikhathini futhi siphela ngokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, i-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), ekhiqizwa yi-pituitary gland, ivuselela ukukhula kwama-follicle kuma-ovari. Ama-follicle akhula abe esekhiqiza i-estrogen, i-hormone ebangela ukuqina kolwelwesi lwe-endometrial lwesibeletho ukuze kulungiselelwe ukukhulelwa okungenzeka.
2. Ukuvuthwa kweqanda
Ukwanda kwamazinga e-estrogen phakathi nomjikelezo kubangela ukwanda kwe-luteinizing hormone (LH). Lokhu kukhula kwe-LH kubangela ukukhishwa kweqanda elivuthiwe esibelethweni—inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-ovulation. Ngemva kokuvuthwa, iqanda liya epayipini le-fallopian, lapho lilindele khona ukukhulelwa yisidoda.
3. Isigaba se-Luteal
Ngemva kokukhishwa kweqanda, i-follicle eqhumile iba yi-corpus luteum bese iqala ukukhulula i-progesterone kanye nenani elincane le-estrogen ukuze kugcinwe ulwelwesi lwe-endometrial. Uma ukukhulelwa kungenzeki, i-corpus luteum iyaqhekeka, ukukhiqizwa kwe-progesterone kuyancipha, bese i-endometrium iphela, kuqale kabusha umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini.
Ama-hormone ekukhulelweni
Uma ukukhulelwa kuphumelela, amanye ama-hormone aqala ukudlala indima yawo ekugcineni ukukhulelwa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane ikhula kahle.
1. I-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Ngemva kokufakelwa kombungu, izicubu ze-placenta ezisakhula ziqala ukukhulula i-hCG. Le hormone igcina i-corpus luteum, eqhubeka nokukhiqiza i-progesterone ne-estrogen kuze kube yilapho i-placenta isikhule ngokugcwele futhi ingakhipha la ma-hormone ngokwayo. Ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa kuvame ukuthola ukuthi kukhona i-hCG, uphawu lokuqala lokukhulelwa.
2. I-Progesterone ne-Estrogen
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-progesterone idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ulwelwesi lwesibeletho kanye nokuvimbela ukufinyela kwemisipha yesibeletho. Okwamanje, i-estrogen ibalulekile ekukhuleni kwezicubu zesibeletho kanye nokwanda kokugeleza kwegazi esibelethweni.
3. Phumula
Le hormone idlala indima ekuphumuzeni imisipha e-pelvis nasekukhululeni umlomo wesibeletho ukuze kulungiselelwe umzimba ukuzalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-relaxin isiza ekugcineni indawo enempilo yokukhula kombungu.
Ama-hormone kanye nenqubo yokuzalwa
Ngasekupheleni kokukhulelwa, izinguquko emazingeni e-hormone ziqala ukubeletha.
1. I-Oxytocin
Le hormone ikhiqizwa yi-hypothalamus futhi igcinwe endlaleni ye-posterior pituitary. Lapho ukubeletha sekuseduze, i-oxytocin iyakhishwa ukuze ivuselele ukuncipha kwesibeletho okuvamile nokuqinile ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Iphinde ivuselele i-let-down reflex, evumela ubisi ukuthi lugeleze emabeleni.
2. Ama-Prostaglandin
Lezi zinto ezitholakala ku-fatty acid nazo zidlala indima ekuvuseleleni ukufinyela kwesibeletho nokulungiselela umlomo wesibeletho ukuthi ukhule ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
Ama-hormone ekuzaleni kwabesilisa
Kwabesilisa, ama-hormone nawo adlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuzala, yize inqubo ingabandakanyi umjikelezo njengakwabesifazane.
1. I-Testosterone
I-Testosterone yi-hormone eyinhloko ye-androgen ekhiqizwa ngokuyinhloko ama-testes. Le hormone ibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezici zesibili zocansi, njengokukhula kwezinwele zobuso kanye nezwi elijulile, futhi ithonya nokuvuka kocansi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesidoda.
2. I-Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) kanye ne-Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Lawa ma-hormone amabili abalulekile kwabesilisa njengoba enjalo kwabesifazane. I-FSH ivuselela ukwenziwa kwesidoda kuma-seminiferous tubules ama-testes, kuyilapho i-LH ivuselela amaseli e-Leydig kuma-testes ukuze akhiqize i-testosterone.
Ukusebenzisana kwamaHormoni kanye nezinto zangaphandle
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ama-hormone okuzala awasebenzi endaweni engenalutho. Izici zangaphandle ezifana nokucindezeleka, ukudla, nendlela yokuphila zingathinta ama-hormone, futhi, impilo yokuzala. Isibonelo, ukucindezeleka okungapheli kungaphazamisa ukuhanjiswa kwama-hormone, kuyilapho ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo kungathinta ukukhiqizwa komzimba kwama-hormone abalulekile.
Isiphetho
Ama-hormone ayizingxenye ezibalulekile zesimiso sokuzala somuntu, okuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izigaba, kusukela emjikelezweni wokuya esikhathini kuya ekukhulelweni nasekubelethweni, ziqhubeka kahle. Ukuqonda umsebenzi kanye nokusebenzisana kwala ma-hormone akubalulekile nje kuphela esimweni sempilo yokuzala kodwa futhi kunikeza ukuqonda ngokuthuthukiswa kokwelashwa okungcono kanye nokungenelela kwezokwelapha emkhakheni. Njengengxenye ebalulekile yesimiso se-endocrine, ama-hormone aqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi yokuzala yenziwa ngempumelelo emangalisayo, okwenza kube nokuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo kokuphila.
