Fomura yekuwedzera

Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso uye mafomula ekuwedzera

1. Mvura inoshandiswa kuzadza thermometer inogadzirwa nemercury kana alcohol. Hwaro hwekugadzira thermometer iyi ndiyo musimboti wekuchinja...

A. mwero wekuwedzera kwemercury nekuda kwekuchinja kwekushisa
B. kubatwa kwekupisa nekuda kwekuchinja kwekushisa kwemercury
C. kumanikidzwa nekuda kwekuchinja kwekushisa mu mercury
D. vhoriyamu nekuda kwekuchinja kwekushisa mu mercury

Kukurukurirana
Vhoriyamu yechinhu inochinja kana tembiricha yacho ikachinja. Kazhinji, kana tembiricha ikawedzera, vhoriyamu inowedzera, uye zvakasiyana, kana tembiricha ikadzikira, vhoriyamu inoderera. Izvi zvinoshandawo kumercury nealcohol.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.

2. Tarisa mufananidzo we bimetal patembiricha ye26 ^o C pazasi!

Kana bimetal yadziyirwa kusvika ku50^oC, zviitiko zvakaitika zvaive zvinotevera:

Kwakananga kukotama uye chikonzero chaicho zvinoratidzwa ne….

A. (1) na (2)
B. (1) uye (4)
C. (2) uye (3)
D. (3) na (4)

Kukurukurirana
Bimetal musanganiswa wezvidimbu zviviri zvesimbi zvine ma coefficients akasiyana ekuwedzera kwemutsara, apo chidimbu chimwe chesimbi chine coefficient yakakura yekuwedzera kwemutsara nepo chimwe chidimbu chesimbi chine coefficient diki yekuwedzera kwemutsara.

Kana tembiricha yesimbi ikawedzera, simbi inowana kuwedzera kwehurefu (hurefu hwesimbi hunowedzera), zvikasiyana, kana tembiricha yesimbi ikadzikira, simbi inowana kudzikira kwehurefu (hurefu hwesimbi hunodzikira). Pakuwedzera tembiricha imwechete, zvidimbu zviviri zvesimbi zvinokura nekureba kwakasiyana. Simbi ine coefficient yakakura yekuwedzera kwemutsara inowana kuwedzera kwehurefu hukuru, nepo simbi ine coefficient diki yekuwedzera kwemutsara inowana kuwedzera kwehurefu hudiki. Saizvozvowo, pakudzikira kwetembiricha imwechete, zvidimbu zviviri zvesimbi zvinodzikira nekureba kwakasiyana. Simbi ine coefficient yakakura yekuwedzera kwemutsara inowana kudzikira kwehurefu hukuru, nepo simbi ine coefficient diki yekuwedzera kwemutsara inowana kudzikira kwehurefu hudiki.

Saka, kana tembiricha ye bimetal ikawedzera, simbi ine coefficient yakakura yekuwedzera kwemutsara inokotama ichienda kusimbi ine coefficient diki. Sei zvakadaro? Nekuti mamiriro aya anobvumira simbi ine coefficient yakakura yekuwedzera kwemutsara kuti irebe kupfuura simbi ine coefficient diki yekuwedzera kwemutsara.
Kusiyana neizvi, kana tembiricha ye bimetal yadzikira, simbi ine coefficient diki yekuwedzera kwemutsara inokotama ichienda kusimbi ine coefficient yakakura yekuwedzera kwemutsara. Izvi zvinoita kuti simbi ine coefficient yakakura yekuwedzera kwemutsara ive pfupi pane simbi ine coefficient diki yekuwedzera kwemutsara.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.

3. Matavi maviri pakutanga anenge akareba mamita gumi imwe neimwe. Matavi maviri aya akagadzirwa nesimbi nearuminiyamu ane coefficients yekuwedzera kwemutsara we11 x 10 zvichiteerana.^-6 /^oC uye 24 x 10^-6 /^oC. Mushure mekunge tembiricha yawedzera ne40^oC, kureba kwesimbi nesimbi dzearuminiyamu zvinova...
A. 10,044 m uye 10,096 m
B. 10,0044 m uye 10,0096 m
C. 10,096 m uye 10,044 m
D. 10,0096 m uye 10,0044 m
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kureba kwekutanga (L)_o) tsvimbo yesimbi = mamita gumi
Kureba kwekutanga (L)_o) tsvimbo yearuminiyamu = mamita gumi
Kuwanda kwesimbi yakabatana (α) = 11 x 10^-6 /^oC
Kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwearuminiyamu (α) = 24 x 10^-6 /^oC
Kuchinja kwetembiricha (ΔT) = 40^oC
Mubvunzo: Kureba kwesimbi nesimbi yearuminiyamu mushure mekunge tembiricha yawedzera
Mhinduro:
Fomura yekuwedzera kureba:
L=L_o + ΔL
L=L_o + α L_o ΔT
Kureba kwesimbi mushure mekunge tembiricha yawedzera:
L=L_o + α L_o ΔT
L = 10 + (11 x 10)^-6)(10)(40)
L = 10 + (11 x 10)^-6)(400)
L = 10 + (4400 x 10)^-6)
L = 10 + 0,0044
L = mita imwe

Kureba kwetsvimbo yearuminiyamu mushure mekunge tembiricha yawedzera:
L=L_o + α L_o ΔT)
L = 10 + (24 x 10)^-6)(10)(40)
L = 10 + (24 x 10)^-6)(400)
L = 10 + (9600 x 10)^-6)
L = 10 + 0,0096
L = mita imwe
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

4. Bhara resimbi rine coefficient yekuwedzera kwemutsara α rine urefu hwe l patembiricha ye 25^oC. Kana yapiswa kusvika pa30^oC, inowana kuwedzera kwehurefu hweΔl. Kana simbi ikachekwa kusvika 1/3 yehurefu hwayo hwepakutanga, hurefu hwayo hunowedzera kana yapiswa kusvika patembiricha ye35^oC ndiye….
A. 2/3 Δl
B. 3/2 Δl
C. 5/3 Δl
D. 5/2 Δl
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kana
Kukura kwesimbi kwakaenzana (α) = α
Kureba kwekutanga kwesimbi (L)^o) = l
Kuwedzera kwekupisa (ΔT) = 30^oC - 25^oC = zana^oC
Maka
Kuwedzera kwehurefu (ΔL) = Δl
Mubvunzo: Kana lo = 1/3 l uye ΔT = 35^oC - 25^oC = zana^oC saka kuwedzera kwehurefu = ….. ?
Mhinduro:
Verenga coefficient yekuwedzera kwesimbi (α) uchishandisa fomura yekuwedzera kureba kwesimbi:

Shandisa coefficient iyi yekuwedzera kwemutsara kuti uverenge kuwedzera kwehurefu hwesimbi kana tembiricha yayo ikachinja kubva pa25 ^o C kusvika pa35 ^o C.

Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.

5. Patembiricha ye20^oC, kureba kwetsvimbo yearuminiyamu i200 cm. Kana ikapiswa kusvika patembiricha ye100^oC hurefu hunowedzera ne 0,00384 m. Kana tembiricha iri pa 20^oC kune bhora rakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakafanana zvearuminiyamu, saka kuti vhoriyamu yebhora iwedzere ne1% yevhoriyamu yebhora rekutanga, bhora rinofanira kupiswa kusvika patembiricha...
A. 139^oC
B. 159^oC
C. 208^oC
D. 228^oC
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kureba kwekutanga kwetsvimbo yearuminiyamu (L)_o) = 200 cm = 2 mamita
Kuchinja kwetembiricha (ΔT) = 100^oC - 20^oC = zana^oC
Kuwedzera kureba (Δl) = 0,00384 mamita
Mubvunzo: Kuti vhoriyamu yebhora iwedzere ne1% kubva pavhoriyamu yekutanga yebhora, bhora rinofanira kupiswa kusvika patembiricha ye...
Mhinduro:
Verengai kureba kwesimbi yearuminiyamu uchishandisa fomura yekuwedzera urefu:

Kuwedzerwa kwehuwandu hwearuminiyamu (β) = 3 x kuenzana kwekuwedzera kwenguva refu (α) = 3 (0,000024) = 0,000072

Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Vhoriyamu yekutanga yebhora = V
Kuwedzera kwevhoriyamu yebhora rearuminiyamu (ΔV) = (1%)(V) = (1/100)(V) = V/100
Kuwedzera kwekushisa (ΔT) = T – 20
Akabvunzwa: Bhora rinopisa kusvika patembiricha (T) = ….. ?
Mhinduro:

Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

6. Ndiro yesimbi yakatenderera ine maburi akatenderera pakati. Kana ndiro yadziiswa ipapo...
A. Dhayamita yeplate inowedzera uye dhayamita yeburi inoderera
B. Dhayamita yeplate inoderera uye dhayamita yeburi inowedzera
C. dhayamita yeplate inowedzera uye dhayamita yeburi inowedzera
D. dhayamita yeplate inoderera uye dhayamita yegomba inoderera
Kukurukurirana
Fomura yenzvimbo yedenderedzwa (A):
A = π r²
Fomura yedhayamita yedenderedzwa (D):
D = 2 r
Kana ndiro yesimbi ikapiswa, nzvimbo (A) yendiro yesimbi inowedzera. Kana nzvimbo yendiro yesimbi ikawedzera, dhayamita (D) kana radius (r) yendiro yesimbi inowedzera. Kana dhayamita (D) kana radius (r) yendiro yesimbi ikawedzera, dhayamita ne radius yegomba zvinowedzera.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.

7. Mafuremu maviri egirazi remaziso akagadzirwa nepurasitiki ine chiyero chekuwedzera kwemutsara we1,3 x 10^-4 (^oC)^-1Maburi egirazi akaita denderedzwa ane radius ye 2,2 cm. Kuti maburi egirazi agone kugara magirazi ane radius ye 2,21 cm, furemu yegirazi inofanira kudziyiswa kusvika tembiricha yachinja ne….
A. 25^oC
B. 35^oC
C. 45^oC
D. 55^oC
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kukura kwepurasitiki kwakaenzana (α) = 1,3 x 10^-4 (^oC^-1)
Radiyo yeburi relenzi (r)¹) = dhayasi yeburi rekutanga relenzi = 2,2 cm
Radiyo yegomba relenzi mushure mekudziya (r)²) = 2,21 cm
Mubvunzo: Kuchinja kwekushisa kwefuremu yegirazi remaziso
Mhinduro:
Kuti buri relenzi rigone kuiswa lenzi ine radius ye 2,21 cm, mushure mekudziya, radius yelenzi inofanira kuwedzera ne 2,21 cm - 2,20 cm = 0,01 cm.
Chikamu chekuwedzera kwenzvimbo yesimbi (β) = 2 x chikamu chekuwedzera kwemutsara (α) = 2 x 1,3 x 10^{-4 o}C^-1 = 2,6 x gumi^{-4 o}C^-1

Kuchinja kwekupisa:

Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

8. Mumufananidzo unotevera, pane mukaha uri pakati penjanji mbiri dzechitima dzakagadzirwa nesimbi. Mukaha uyu wakagadzirirwa...
A. Simba rekukweshana kana chitima chikapfuura rinova diki.
B. Kudengenyeka kwechitima kana chikapfuura kunova kudiki.
C. Njanji hadzikotame kana simbi ichikura
D. Njanji hadzikotame kana chitima chikapfuura pamusoro padzo.
Kukurukurirana
Njanji dzakagadzirwa nesimbi, iyo inokura zviri nyore kana tembiricha ikachinja. Pazuva rinopisa, tembiricha yenjanji inowedzera, zvichiita kuti ikure. Kana njanji dzichikweshana nemavhiri echitima, tembiricha inowedzerawo, zvichiita kuti ikure. Nokudaro, mukaha uri pakati penjanji mbiri unoshanda kudzivirira njanji kuti dzisakotame kana simbi ichikura.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.

9.
Iron yemagetsi ine thermostat inodzima magetsi otomatiki kana iron yasvika patembiricha yakati. Kuwedzera kwetembiricha kunoita kuti bimetallic strip ikotama, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo. Izvi zvinoitika nekuti…
A. Kupisa kwesimbi chaiyo (B) kwakakura kupfuura kupisa kwesimbi chaiyo (A)
B. Kupisa kwesimbi chaiyo (B) kudiki pane kupisa kwesimbi chaiyo (A)
C. Kuwanda kwesimbi (B) kwakakura kupfuura kuwanda kwesimbi (A)
D. Kuwanda kwesimbi (B) kwakaderera pane kuwedzera kwesimbi (A)
Kukurukurirana
Bimetal ine simbi A nesimbi B dzine ma coefficient akasiyana ekuwedzera kwemutsara. Zvichibva pamufananidzo uri pamusoro, kana tembiricha ikawedzera, simbi A inoita seyakakombamira kusimbi B. Saka, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti pakuwedzera kumwe chete kwetembiricha, simbi A inowana kuwedzera kwemutsara ukuwo simbi B isina kuwedzera kwemutsara. Kuwedzera kwehurefu hwesimbi A kwakakura kupfuura kwesimbi B, saka simbi A ine coefficient yakakura yekuwedzera kwemutsara kupfuura simbi B.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.

Kwakabva mubvunzo:

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