Zvinyorwa nezve Electric current electric charge magnetic field magnetic force
Muna 1819, musayendisiti wekuDenmark ainzi Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851) akawana hukama huripo pakati pemagineti nemagetsi kana kuti machaji anofamba. Akawana kuti kana tsono yekambasi iri pedyo newaya inorarama, tsono yekambasi inotsauswa. Kana pasina magetsi, tsono yekambasi inonongedzera kuchamhembe.
Tsono yekambasi imagneti, saka inogona kufambiswa nesimba remagineti. Simba remagineti (F) rinobva kupi? Pedyo netsono yekambasi, pane waya inotakura magetsi kuitira kuti simba remagineti riitwe nesimba remagineti.
Tarisa mufananidzo uri padivi. Kutungamira kwemagetsi emagetsi uye kutungamira kwesimba remagineti zvinogona kuwanikwa uchishandisa mutemo wekurudyi. Kana magetsi emagetsi (I) achienda kumusoro, kutungamira kwesimba remagineti (B) kwakafanana nekuratidzwa kuruboshwe. Kana kutungamira kwesimba remagetsi kwakadzika, kutungamira kwesimba remagineti kwakafanana nekuratidzwa kurudyi.
Simba remagineti rinoshandisa simba pawaya inotakura magetsi
Kare, zvakatsanangurwa kuti magetsi anogona kushandisa simba patsono yekambasi ine magnetic. Ko magineti anogona kushandisa simba pamagetsi here?
Ngatitii pane waya inotakura magetsi akaiswa pakati pemapango ekuchamhembe nekuchamhembe emagineti. Kutungamira kwesimba remagineti kunoratidzwa nemuseve kubva papango rekuchamhembe kuenda kuSouth Pole. Kana kutungamira kwemagetsi (I) kuchiratidzwa nemuseve mutsvuku, ipapo simba remagineti (F) rinoonekwa iro gwara rayo rinomiririrwa nemuseve webhuruu.
Kutungamira kwesimba remagineti F kwakanangana nekwakananga magetsi emagetsi I uye kwakanangana nekwakananga simba remagineti B.
Kutungamira kwemagetsi, kutungamira kwesimba remagineti uye kutungamira kwesimba remagineti zvinogona kuzivikanwa uchishandisa mutemo wekurudyi.
Hukama huripo pakati pesimba remagineti, simba remagetsi uye simba remagineti hunoratidzwa nemuenzaniso unotevera.
F = BI l sin θ
F chiratidzo chesimba remagineti, B chiratidzo chesimba remagineti, I chiratidzo chemagetsi, l chiratidzo chehurefu hwewaya iri mumunda wemagineti.
θ ndiyo kona iri pakati pegwara remagetsi negwara remagetsi. Kana magetsi emagetsi akatarisana nemagetsi (90o) zvinoreva kuti kukosha kwe sin 90 = 1. Fomura yacho inoshanduka kuita F = BI l, zvakasiyana kana magetsi emagetsi akaenzana nemagetsi emagetsi (0o) zvinoreva kuti kukosha kwe sin 0 = 0 zvekuti simba remagetsi rinenge riri 0.
Kuti uverenge simba remagineti, fomura iri pamusoro inoshandurwa kuita: B = F / I l.
Chikamu chepasi rose chesimba remagineti ndiNewton (chakapfupikiswa N), chikamu chepasi rose chesimba remagineti ndiTesla (chakapfupikiswa T). Tesla yakatumidzwa zita remugadziri wefizikisi wekuSerbia-America, Nikola Tesla (1856-1943). Zvichibva pafomura yesimba remagineti iri pamusoro, simba remagineti rinogonawo kuratidzwa muzvikamu zveNewtons paAmpere mita (N/A m). Kunze kweTesla, simba remagineti rinoratidzwawo muzvikamu zveGauss (G). Gauss inobva pazita renyanzvi yemasvomhu, nyanzvi yenyeredzi uye fizikisi yekuGermany, Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855). 1G = 10-4T
Simba remagineti pamagetsi anofamba mumunda wemagineti
Simba remagineti rinogona kushandisa simba remagineti pawaya inotakura magetsi. Magetsi emagetsi ndiwo magetsi ari kufamba, saka simba remagineti rinogonawo kushandisa simba remagineti pakufambisa magetsi zvakasununguka, kwete pawaya dzinofambisa magetsi chete.
Fomura yekuverenga simba remagineti pamagetsi anofamba mumunda wemagineti inotorwa kubva pafomura yekare yesimba remagineti F = BI l sin θ. Nekuti I = q/t uye l = vt, fomura yesimba remagineti inoshanduka kuita,
Tsananguro yefomura: F = simba remagineti, B = simba remagineti, q = kuchaja kwemagetsi, v = kumhanya kwekufamba kwechaja, θ = kona pakati pav naB
Kana v yakatarisana neB saka θ = 90o, uko chivi 90o = 1. Kusiyana neizvi, kana v iri parallel naB saka θ = 0o, uko chivi 0o = 0. Saka, simba remagineti rinosvika pakakwirira kana v yakatarisana naB uye simba remagineti riri zero kana v yakatarisana naB.
Kutungamira kwesimba remagineti F kwakanangana nemunda wemagineti B uye kwakanangana nekumhanya kwechaja yemagetsi v.
