Fomura yetsananguro uye mhando dzemafungu emakanika

Zvinyorwa nezve fomura yetsanangudzo uye mhando dzemafungu emakanika

TSANANGURO YEMAFUTA EMICHINI

Kana ukabata mugumo mumwe wetambo woizunguza kumusoro nekudzika, panobva paonekwa mafungu anopararira netambo. Kana ukadonhedza dombo mumvura, mafungu anoonekwa pamusoro pemvura. Tambo nemvura zvinongotenderera zvichikwira nekudzika, kwete kufamba zvakatwasuka. Mafungu ari patambo nemafungu mumvura mienzaniso yemafungu emagetsi.

Mafungu emakanika mafungu anofamba nepakati pechinhu. Mienzaniso yemafungu emakanika mafungu ari patambo kana tambo, mafungu mumvura, mafungu eruzha anopararira mumhepo, uye mafungu ekudengenyeka kwenyika anopararira muvhu. Mafungu anogona kufamba daro refu nepo chinhu chinodedera nemafungu chiri pedyo nenzvimbo yekuenzana.

Mhando dzemafungu emakanika

Zvichienderana nechimiro chazvo, mafungu emakanika ane mhando mbiri, dzinoti mafungu anochinjika, uye mafungu enguva refu.

Mafungu anotenderera (transverse waves) mafungu anoitika kana gwara rekufamba kwemafungu rakatarisa gwara rekufamba kwechinhu. Semuenzaniso, mafungu ari patambo, mafungu ari mumvura.

Kana mafungu ari mutambo achifamba akananga kwakatwasuka, zvidimbu zviri mutambo zvinofamba zvakananga kwakatwasuka. Saizvozvowo, kana mafungu emvura achifamba akananga kwakatwasuka, zvidimbu zvemvura zvinofamba zvakananga kwakatwasuka.

Mafungu erefu mafungu anoitika kana gwara rekufamba kwemafungu rakaenzana negwara rekufamba kwezvikamu. Semuenzaniso, mafungu muzvitubu, uye mafungu eruzha mumhepo.

Kana mafungu ari pachitubu achifamba nenzira yakatwasuka, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoumbwa muchitubu zvinofambawo zvichidzokera shure zvichienda mberi nenzira yakatwasuka.

Saizvozvowo, kana ruzha ruchifamba rwakananga kure, mhepo inogonya uye inotambanuka yakananga kure.

Mafungu ekudengenyeka kwenyika anosanganisira mafungu anochinjika (anonzi mafungu ekucheka) uye mafungu enguva refu (anonzi mafungu ekumanikidzwa).

Fomura yemafungu emakanika

Fomura yeWave Yakachinjika

Huwandu hwakati wandei hunoshandiswa kutsanangura mafungu, anoti Amplitude (A), Frequency (f), Period (T), uye Wave speed (v).

Amplitude ndiyo kutsauka kukuru. Nguva iyi inguva inotevedzana yemafungu maviri anotevedzana/mapata anopfuura nepanzvimbo imwe chete muchadenga. Frequency inhamba yemakomo/mapata anopfuura panzvimbo imwe chete pachikamu chenguva.

Mafungu emuchina anofamba nekumhanya kwakati. Fomura yekumhanya kwemafungu ndeiyi:

v = λ f = λ/T

v = kumhanya kwemafungu, λ = kureba kwemafungu, f = frequency, T = nguva.

Chikamu chepasi rose chewavelength i mita, chikamu chefrequency i Hertz, uye chikamu cheperiod i Masekondi. Chikamu chewave velocity i mita/sekondi.

Dambudziko remuenzaniso:

Wave inochinjika patambo ine frequency ye2 Hz (2 wave crests dzinopfuura nepanzvimbo imwe chete muchadenga, kwesekondi imwe chete) uye ine wavelength yemamita matatu (daro riri pakati pe2 crests dziri pedyo i2 metres). Chii chinonzi wave speed?

Anozivikanwa:

Kakawanda (f) = 2 Hz

Kureba kwemafungu (λ) = mamita matatu

Kudiwa: Kumhanya (v)

Solution:

v = λ f = 3 (2) = 6 m/s

Kumhanya kwemafungu anochinjika muchinhu chinoenderana nemhando yechinhu chinopfuura nacho. Semuenzaniso, kumhanya kwemafungu patambo (tambo, tambo, waya) kunoenderana nekumanikidzwa kwetambo (FT) uye huwandu hwetambo (hukuru hwetambo pahurefu hweyuniti).

Dambudziko remuenzaniso:

Mafungu ane urefu hwemita imwe uye anopararira patambo ine urefu hwemamita zana uye ine huremu hwemakirogiramu maviri. Kusimba kwetambo i200 N. Mafungu ari mutambo anomhanya zvakadii?

Anozivikanwa:

Hurefu hwemafungu (λ) = mita imwe

Kureba kwetambo (L) = mamita zana

Huremu hwetambo (m) = 2 kg

Kumanikidzwa kwetambo (T) = 200 N

Zvinodiwa: Kumhanya kwemafungu patambo (v)

Solution:

Fomura yeLongitudinal Wave 

Kumhanya kwemafungu enguva refu muchinhu chinoenderana nemhando yechinhu chinopfuura nacho. Kumhanya kwemafungu enguva refu anopararira pamatanda akasimba kunoverengerwa uchishandisa fomura:

v = kumhanya kwemafungu, E = modulus yeYoung's elastic, ρ = density

Dambudziko remuenzaniso:

Verenga kumhanya kwemafungu eruzha achifamba nesimbi. Modulus yeYoung Steel yekusimba = 2 x 10 ¹¹ N/m ² uye density yesimbi = 7.8 x 10 ³ kg/m ³

Anozivikanwa:

Modulus yesimbi inonamira (E) = 2 x 10 ¹¹ N/m ²

Kuwanda kwesimbi (ρ) = 7.8 x 10 ³ kg/ ^m3

Zvinodiwa: Kumhanya kwemafungu eruzha

Solution:

Kumhanya kwemafungu enguva refu anopararira mumvura nemagasi kunoverengerwa uchishandisa fomura iyi: v = wave velocity, B = bulk modulus, ρ = density

Dambudziko remuenzaniso:

Mafungu enguva refu anomhanya zvakadii paanofamba mumvura?

Modulus yemvura yakawanda (B) = 2 x 10 ⁹ N/m ²

Kuwanda kwemvura (ρ) = 1000 kg/ ^m3

Solution:

Kumhanya kwemafungu emurefu kana achipararira mumvura: