Dielectric i insulator inoparadzanisa maplate maviri kana mapepa emuchina wekufambisa magetsi ari pa capacitor. Ma insulators zvinhu zvisingakwanise kufambisira magetsi, semuenzaniso, purasitiki, girazi, bepa, kana huni. Basa re dielectric nderekuwedzera capacitance kuitira kuti capacitor igone kuchengetedza magetsi akawanda uye simba remagetsi.
Capacitor inogona kushanda kana ma conductor plate ese ari maviri asingabatane kuitira kuti electric charge isafambe kubva kune imwe conductor kuenda kune imwe. Saizvozvowo, kuitira kuti electric charge isafambe kubva kune conductor kuenda kumhepo, nzvimbo iri pakati pe conductors mbiri inofanira kunge iri vacuum. Munyaya ye parallel plate, capacitor yakakurukurwa capacitance yema parallel plate capacitors ayo akaparadzaniswa ne vacuum. Capacitance ye capacitor mu vacuum ine miganhu saka kuti uwedzere capacitance, isa dielectric pakati pemaplates maviri.
Dielectric inowedzera capacitance nekuti simba remagetsi riri pakati pemaplate maviri econductor rinoderera
Sei capacitance ye capacitor ichiwedzerwa mushure mekunge dielectric yaiswa pakati pemaplate maviri kana masheti? Kuti uwane mhinduro yemubvunzo uyu, tanga wayeuka chidzidzo nezvechaji yemagetsi. Sezvinoita machaji emagetsi anodzingana, asi kusiyana nemachaji emagetsi anokwezvana. Semuenzaniso, chaji yakanaka inokwezva chaji isina kunaka asi inodzinga chaji yakanaka. Saka sei mapurasitiki ane chaji isina kunaka achigona kukwezva zvidimbu zvidiki zvepepa zvisina chaji yemagetsi? Izvi zvinoitika nekuti chidimbu chepepa chinosangana nechaji polarization.
Maerekitironi ari muzvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa zvakaita sepepa haakwanise kufamba zvakasununguka semaerekitironi ari muzvinhu zvinofambisa kupisa. Saka, kana purasitiki ine chaji isina kunaka ikaswededzwa pedyo nepepa, maerekitironi akabatana neatomu anorambwa kubva mupurasitiki ine chaji isina kunaka. Saka pane kupatsanurwa kwechaji isina kunaka uye chaji yakanaka papepa. Chaji isina kunaka papepa iri kure nepurasitiki, nepo chaji yakanaka papepa iri kure nepurasitiki. Zvadaro, chaji isina kunaka papurasitiki inodhonza chaji yakanaka papepa kusvika bepa raswedera pedyo nepurasitiki.
Maitiro ekupokana kwechaja anoitika pamapepa akafanana nekupokana kwechaja kunoitika mu dielectric. Sezvinoratidzwa pamufananidzo uri kuruboshwe, semuenzaniso, pakutanga, kwaingova nezvidimbu zviviri zvema conductors ane magetsi. Plate rekuruboshwe rine positive charge ukuwo plate rerudyi rine negative charge kuitira kuti divi remagetsi riende kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi.
Mushure mekunge dielectric yaiswa pakati pemaplate maviri econductor, positive charge iri kuruboshwe inodhonza maerekitironi ari pamusoro pe dielectric iri pedyo. Zvakare, negative charge iri kurudyi inodzinga maerekitironi ari pamusoro pe dielectric iri pedyo. Maerekitironi ari mu dielectric, inova insulator, haana kusununguka kufamba semaerekitironi ari muconductor. Saka, maerekitironi anoramba akasungirirwa kuatomu, asi pane polarization yemaerekitironi ane negative charge uye mapurotoni ane positive charge, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo.
Kuvapo kwechaji yakanaka kurudyi rwemaatomu e dielectric uye chaji yakaipa kuruboshwe rwemaatomu e dielectric kunoita kuti pave nemagetsi. Izvi zvinobva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe, izvo zvinoderedza simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nechaji yemagetsi iri pa conductor plate, iyo inobva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi. Saka, simba remagetsi rinoderera kwete nekuti chaji yemagetsi iri pamaplate/mapepa maviri e conductor inoderera, asi nekuti simba remagetsi rinoonekwa mu dielectric kune rumwe rutivi. Kana dielectric ikaburitswa, simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nechaji yemagetsi iri pamaplate maviri kana mapepa e conductor rinodzokera kune zvakajairika.
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Simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nemagetsi anochaja pamapuleti ese ari maviri econductor rinodzikirawo, simba remagetsi riri pakati pemapuleti maviri econductor rinodzikirawo. Nekuti simba remagetsi rinoenderana zvakananga nesimba remagetsi sezvakataurwa muequation E = V / d, apo E = simba remagetsi, V = simba remagetsi uye d = daro riri pakati pemapuleti maviri. Kana paine simba remagetsi kune dielectric iri Vo saka mushure me dielectric, simba remagetsi rinodzikira kusvika kuV ne factor K.
Pamasvomhu, Vo = KV kana V = Vo / K kana K = Vo / V, uko K = dielectric constant. Vo> V kuitira kuti K> 1.
Ndokumbirawo mucherechedze kuti huwandu hwechaji yemagetsi pamaplate ese kana mapepa econductor hahushanduke kuitira kuti huwandu hwechaji yekupedzisira huenzane nehuwandu hwechaji yekutanga (Q = Qo). Kuchinja kwe capacitance ye capacitor kunoverengerwa nenzira inotevera:
C = capacitance yekupedzisira, Co = capacitance yekutanga, Q = chaji yekupedzisira, Qo = chaji yekutanga, V = chaji yekupedzisira, Vo = chaji yekutanga, K = chaji ye dielectric isingachinji
Zvichibva pamuenzaniso uri pamusoro apa, zvakagumiswa kuti capacitance yekutanga (Co) idiki nepo capacitance yekupedzisira (C) yakakura. Capacitance inowedzera nechikamu cheK, apo K ndiyo dielectric constant. Kukosha kwe dielectric constant yechinhu chimwe nechimwe chinodzivirira kupisa kunosiyana. Dielectric constant (K) imhedzisiro yechiyero che capacitance ye capacitor pakushandisa dielectric, kune capacitance ye capacitor paisingashandisi dielectric.
Capacitance ye dielectric inowedzera nekuti daro riri pakati pema conductor plates maviri rinoderera
Rimwe basa re dielectric nderekuderedza daro (d) pakati pemaplate maviri e conductor. Kuti electric field (E) ne electric voltage (V) pakati peplate mbiri kana mapepa e conductor zviwedzere, sezvakataurwa ne equation E = V / d. Kana electric field ne electric voltage pakati peplate mbiri kana mapepa zvikawedzera, saka capacitance ye capacitor inowedzera.
Kana ma capacitor ari kutaurwa akafanana, capacitance inoverengerwa uchishandisa fomura inotevera:
Zvichibva pamafomura maviri ari pamusoro apa, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti capacitance (C) yema capacitors eplate yakafanana inogona kuwedzerwa nekuderedza daro riri pakati pemaplate maviri kana mapepa emuchina wekufambisa (d).
Capacitance ye dielectric inowedzera nekuti capacitance ye capacitor inowedzera
Dielectric yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa, izvo, kana zviri mumunda wemagetsi wakasimba, zvinokuvadzwa. Kukuvadzwa kweDielectric kunoitika kana munda wemagetsi wakasimba zvekuti unogona kufambisa maerekitironi kubva paatomu, maerekitironi anorova maerekitironi pane mamwe maatomu kuitira kuti kufamba kwemaerekitironi mudielectric kuitike. Nemamwe mashoko, kukuvara kwedielectric kunoita kuti dielectric inova insulator yemagetsi ishanduke kuita kondakita yemagetsi.
Kuti kusava nekukuvara, dielectric yega yega yakagadzirwa kubva kune chimwe chinhu chinodzivirira magetsi ine simba guru remagetsi rinogona kubatwa, rinonzi simba re dielectric. Simba re dielectric rechinhu chinodzivirira magetsi rakakura kupfuura simba re dielectric remhepo uye chinhu chimwe nechimwe chinodzivirira magetsi chine simba re dielectric rakasiyana, mamwe madiki uye mamwe makuru. Saka kana dielectric ine simba guru re dielectric ikashandiswa, simba remagetsi rinogona kubatwa rakakura uye voltage inogona kubatwa yakakurawo. Kana munda wemagetsi ne voltage yemagetsi inogadzirwa nemaplate maviri kana mapepa e conductor zvakakura, huwandu hwe electric charge inogona kubatwa ne conductor plate hwakawanda. Kana chaji yakawanda iri mukati me conductor plate, capacitance ye capacitor inowedzerawo.
