Mhando dzeAnesthetics dzekurapa mazino
Kurapa mazino kunowanzoonekwa sekutyisa nevanhu vazhinji. Kutya uku kunowanzo konzerwa nekuzvidya mwoyo pamusoro pemarwadzo anogona kuwira panguva yekuvhiyiwa. Nerombo rakanaka, kufambira mberi mukurapa mazino kwakaita kuti pave nemhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga inonyaradza mazino inogona kubatsira kuderedza kana kubvisa marwadzo aya. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura mhando dzemishonga inonyaradza mazino inowanzoshandiswa mukurapa mazino, mashandiro ayo, uye zvakanakira nezvayakaipira.
1. Anesthetic yekunze
Mishonga inonyaradza marwadzo yemumuromo rudzi rwemishonga inonyaradza marwadzo inoiswa zvakananga pamusoro pemuromo, senge matadza kana mukati memuromo. Mishonga iyi inowanzo shandiswa semajeli, makirimu, kana mapfapfaidzo. Mishonga inonyaradza marwadzo inoshanda nekubvisa marwadzo panzvimbo yainoiswa, zvichiita kuti nzira dzakadai sekubaiwa jekiseni remishonga inonyaradza marwadzo kana kuchenesa mazino zviitwe pasina kurwadziwa.
Zvakawandisa:
- Zviri nyore kushandisa uye zvinokurumidza kushanda.
– Haidi jekiseni, saka haikonzeri marwadzo pakutanga.
– Yakachengeteka kushandiswa pavarwere vazhinji, kusanganisira vana neavo vane kutya kushandisa mishonga yetsvina.
Kekurangan:
– Mhedzisiro yekunzwa kurwadziwa inogumira panzvimbo yepamusoro uye haipindi zvakadzika.
– Nguva yekunzwa kurwadziwa ipfupi, kazhinji maminetsi mashoma kusvika hafu yeawa.
2. Anesthetic yemunzvimbo
Mishonga inorwisa marwadzo yemuno (kana kuti local anesthesia) rudzi rwemishonga inorwisa marwadzo inopinzwa zvakananga munzvimbo yakatenderedza zino kana matadza inoda kurapwa. Mishonga iyi inoshanda nekuvhara zviratidzo zvetsinga munzvimbo yakapinzwa, ichidzivirira marwadzo panguva yekuvhiyiwa.
Mienzaniso yemishonga inonyaradza marwadzo yemunzvimbo: lidocaine, articaine, mepivacaine, uye prilocaine.
Zvakawandisa:
- Inogona kupa mushonga wekurwadziwa wakadzama zvakakwana kuti ukwanise kurapwa zvakaoma zvakaita sekuzadza mazino, kubvisa mazino, kana kurapwa kwemidzi yemazino.
– Nguva yemushonga uyu yakareba, ingangoita awa imwe kusvika kune akati wandei zvichienderana nerudzi uye dose yakashandiswa.
Kekurangan:
– Zvinoda jekiseni, izvo zvinogona kutyisa vamwe varwere.
– Migumisiro inogona kuitika yakadai sekusawirirana kwemuviri kana hutachiona panzvimbo yekubaiwa jekiseni.
3. Mishonga Inonyaradza Kunzwa Kusuruvara
Mishonga yekunyaradza chirwere imhando yemishonga inoshandiswa kuita kuti varwere vanzwe vakasununguka uye vasinganyanyi kunetseka panguva yekurapwa kwemazino. Mishonga yekunyaradza chirwere inogona kupiwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kufemeswa (kufemeswa), kunwiwa nemuromo (nemuromo), kana kuisirwa mutsinga (IV).
Mienzaniso yemishonga inonyaradza: nitrous oxide (gasi rinoseka), diazepam, midazolam, uye propofol.
Zvakawandisa:
- Inoderedza kuzvidya mwoyo uye kusagadzikana panguva yekuvhiyiwa.
– Inogona kusanganiswa nemishonga inonyaradza marwadzo yemunzvimbo kuti ipe mhedzisiro iri nani yekunyaradza marwadzo uye yekunyaradza.
– Nitrous oxide gasi inogona kupa mushonga unonyaradza marwadzo unokurumidza kupera mushure mekurega kushandisa, zvichiita kuti murwere akurumidze kudzokera kumabasa ake enguva dzose.
Kekurangan:
– Mamwe marudzi emishonga yekunyaradza, kunyanya iyo inopihwa mutsinga, inoda kutariswa kwakanyatsojeka uye hunyanzvi hwakasiyana.
– Migumisiro inogona kuitika yakadai sekusvotwa, kurutsa, kana kuti allergic reactions.
– Hazvina kukodzera varwere vese, kunyanya avo vane mamwe matambudziko ehutano kana kuti vanotora mimwe mishonga inogona kukanganisa mishonga yekunyaradza.
4. Mishonga Inonyaradza Muviri
Anesthesia imhando yemushonga unoita kuti murwere arasikirwe zvachose nepfungwa panguva yekuvhiyiwa. Rudzi urwu rwemushonga runowanzo shandiswa chete pakurapa mazino kwakaoma kana kune varwere vanotya kurapwa mazino zvakanyanya.
Mienzaniso yemishonga inopedza marwadzo: propofol, sevoflurane, uye desflurane.
Zvakawandisa:
– Inobvisa zvachose marwadzo nekusagadzikana nekuti murwere anenge asina chaanoziva.
- Inogona kushandiswa pakuita zvinhu zvakaoma kana zvinotora nguva yakareba.
Kekurangan:
– Inoda nzvimbo dzakagadzirwa nenyanzvi uye timu yezvekurapa yakadzidziswa kupa mushonga weanesthesia uye kutarisa murwere panguva uye mushure mekuvhiyiwa.
– Njodzi yekuve nemigumisiro yakaipa kupfuura mimwe mishonga yekurapa, yakadai sematambudziko ekufema kana emwoyo.
– Varwere vanoda nguva yakareba yekupora mushure mekuvhiyiwa.
5. Anesthesia Yenharaunda
Anesthesia yemudunhu rudzi rweanesthesia inovhara marwadzo panzvimbo yakakura yemuviri kupfuura anesthesia yemunzvimbo. Mukurapa mazino, anesthesia yemudunhu inowanzo shandiswa kugonya shaya yese kana hafu yechiso.
Mienzaniso yemaitiro: chivharo chegumbo rezasi, chinobatidza shaya yepazasi, uye chivharo chemukati megumbo rezasi, chinobatidza shaya yepamusoro nemiromo.
Zvakawandisa:
- Inoshanda zvikuru mukuderedza marwadzo munzvimbo dzakakura.
- Inowanzo shandiswa pakuita mabasa akaomarara kana maitiro ane mazino akawanda.
Kekurangan:
– Zvinoda matekiniki nehunyanzvi hwakakosha kubva kuna chiremba wemazino.
– Njodzi yematambudziko akadai sekukuvara kwetsinga kana hematoma.
Nzira dzekudzivirira uye mazano
Kunyange zvazvo anesthesia yakachengeteka, pane zvimwe zvinhu zvekuchengetedza mupfungwa:
– Nhoroondo Yezvekurapa: Iva nechokwadi chekuti chiremba wemazino anoziva nhoroondo yako yese yezvekurapa, kusanganisira allergies, zvirwere zvisingaperi, uye mishonga yauri kutora parizvino.
– Kutaurirana: Usazeza kukurukura zvaunotya uye zvinokunetsa nezve anesthesia nachiremba wemazino. Ruzivo urwu runogona kubatsira chiremba wemazino kusarudza nzira yakakodzera ye anesthesia.
– Kuongororwa: Munguva yekuvhiyiwa kwemishonga inonyaradza marwadzo, kunyanya iyo inosanganisira mishonga inonyaradza marwadzo kana mushonga unonyaradza marwadzo, kuongororwa kwakasimba nechikwata chekurapa kwakakosha kuti zvionekwe uye zvigadziriswe matambudziko nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.
Mhedziso
Kufambira mberi mukurapa mazino kwakaita kuti pave nemhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga inopedza simba inogona kubatsira varwere kuti varapwe mazino vasina kurwadziwa zvakanyanya kana kusagadzikana. Kubva pamishonga inopedza simba kusvika pamishonga inopedza simba, mhando imwe neimwe ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo. Kukurukurirana pachena nachiremba wemazino nezvesarudzo dziripo dzemishonga inopedza simba uye nzira dzekudzivirira nadzo zvinogona kubatsira kuona kuti mazino acho anonzwa akasununguka uye akasununguka.
