Simba reKukwezvana Pakati Pemapuraneti
Mapuraneti anotenderera Zuva mugadziriro yedu yezuva anopesvedzerwa zvakanyanya nemasimba akasiyana-siyana egiravhiti. Kubva Isaac Newton paakatanga mutemo wegiravhiti, ruzivo rwekudyidzana kwemapuraneti rwafambira mberi nekukurumidza, zvichikonzera kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwesimba riri kushanda. Chinhu chakakosha chekuongorora nyeredzi kunzwisisa masimba egiravhiti ari pakati pemapuraneti uye kuti anopesvedzera sei kutenderera kwawo nehunhu hwawo.
Mutemo waNewton weKukwevera Zvinhu Pasi
Kuti tinzwisise simba rinokwevera pasi riri pakati pemapuraneti, tinofanira kutanga nemutemo wegiravhiti wakatangwa naSir Isaac Newton muzana remakore rechi17. Mutemo waNewton wegiravhiti unoti: "Chidimbu chimwe nechimwe chiri muchadenga chinokwevera chimwe nechimwe chine simba rinoenderana zvakananga nechibereko chehukuru hwazvo uye rinoenderana nechikamu chedaro riri pakati pazvo." Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana zvinhu zviviri zviri pedyo, simba rekukwevera pakati pazvo rakakura, uye huwandu hwazvo hwakakura, simba rekukwevera rinowedzera.
Masvomhu acho ndeekuti: \( F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2} \), apo \( F \) isimba rekukwezva, \( G \) isimba rinokwevera pasi, \( m_1 \) uye \( m_2 \) ndiwo mass ezvinhu zviviri, uye \( r \) idaro riri pakati penzvimbo dzezvinhu zviviri.
Kudyidzana Kwemadhiraini Pakati Pemapuraneti
Kunyange hazvo simba guru rinopesvedzera kutenderera kwemapuraneti riri simba rezuva rinokwevera pasi, mapuraneti anopesvedzerawo mumwe nemumwe. Kana mapuraneti maviri ari pedyo, anokwezvana, izvo zvinogona kukonzera shanduko mukufamba kwawo. Kudyidzana uku kunogona kuoma zvikuru nekuti kunosanganisira zvinhu zvinopfuura zviviri, dzimwe nguva zvinonzi dambudziko remuviri we-n.
Semuenzaniso, Jupiter ine simba guru rekukwevera pasi pamapuraneti ari pedyo, kunyanya nekuda kwehukuru hwayo. Simba rekukwevera pasi reiyi gasi hombe rinogona kukonzera kuchinja kwemuchadenga uye pamwe kutokanganisa kutenderera kwemaaxes ekutenderera emapuraneti mamwe.
Mhedzisiro yeKutenderera kweOrbital
Chimwe chiratidzo chekubatana kwemapuraneti negiravhiti i<em>orbital resonance</em>. Kubatana kwe<em>orbital resonance</em> kunoitika kana zvinhu zviviri kana kupfuura zvemuchadenga zvine nguva dze<em>orbital</em> dzakabatana ne<em>whole number ratio</em> iri nyore. Semuenzaniso, ma<em>asteroid</em> akati wandei ari mu<em>main asteroid belt</em> ari mu<em>orbital resonance</em> ne<em>Jupiter</em>, zvichireva kuti anopedzisa nzira dzawo pa<em>simple multiples</em> ye<em>orbital period</em>. Mienzaniso yakakurumbira ye<em>resonance</em> iyi i<em>2:1</em> ne<em>3:2</em> resonances</em> pakati pe<em>asteroids</em> ne<em>Jupiter</em>.
Kutenderera kwemhepo hakungokoshi chete mubhandi reasteroid; mhedzisiro yacho inoonekwawo pamwedzi yaJupiter naSaturn. Semuenzaniso, mwedzi Io, Europa, naGanymede dziri mumutsara we1:2:4, zvichireva kuti pamatanho mana ega ega Io inopedzisa, Europa inopedzisa maviri, uye Ganymede inopedzisa rwendo rumwe chete rwakazara.
Manzwi aya anobatsira pakugadzikana kwenguva refu mumarobhoti uye kuderedza mukana wekuroverana pakati pezvinhu. Zvisinei, anogonawo kuwedzera kutenderera kwemukati mezvinhu nekuda kwekuchinja kwemasimba emvura, sezvinoitika pamwedzi weJupiter inonzi Europa naIo, iyo ine simba rinokwevera pasi rinoburitsa kuputika kwemakomo uye ice caps dzinogona kuva nemakungwa ari pasi pawo.
Simba reSaturn neJupiter reKukweva
Mapuraneti maviri makuru mugadziriro yedu yezuva, Jupiter neSaturn, ane simba guru rekukwevera pasi, kwete chete kune rimwe nerimwe asi kune yose solar system. Jupiter, nehuremu hwayo hunopfuura kaviri kupfuura mamwe mapuraneti ese akabatanidzwa, inoita basa guru mukuona kuumbwa uye chimiro cheAsteroid Belt nenzvimbo dzemapuraneti ekunze.
Saturn, kunyange zvazvo yakareruka kupfuura Jupiter, ine simba guru. Kudyidzana pakati paJupiter naSaturn kunozivikanwa kuti kwakakonzera shanduko huru muhurongwa hwezuva hwepakutanga, kusanganisira kufamba kwemagasi makuru kubva mumitsetse yawo yekutanga uye kugona kwawo "kuchenesa" mitsetse yawo kubva muguruva nematombo. Simba iri rinoonekwawo mukuumbwa kwakaoma kwe tectonic uye kutsveyama kwemhete dzeSaturn.
Mhedzisiro yeMasimba Anokwezva paExoplanet Orbits
Pfungwa yekukwezvana pakati pemapuraneti haingogumiri mugadziriro yedu yezuva chete. Kuwanikwa kwemapuraneti ekunze—mapuraneti anotenderera dzimwe nyeredzi—kwakavhura nzvimbo itsva kune masayendisiti kuti vaedze mamodheru egiravhiti uye simba remuchadenga. Masystem mazhinji ekunze anoratidza humbowo hwekuti pane kutenderera kwemuchadenga uye simba guru regiravhiti pakati pemapuraneti.
Semuenzaniso, sisitimu yeTRAPPIST-1 ine mapuraneti manomwe ari padyo nepedyo ane ma "orbital ratios" chaiwo anoratidza zviratidzo zve "complex resonances". Kunzwisisa masimba ekukwezvana pakati pemapuraneti aya kunobatsira vanoongorora nyeredzi kudzidza zvakawanda nezvenhoroondo ye "dynamic" yema "exoplanetary systems" akaita seedu.
Mhedzisiro Panyika Yakanyanya
Kuwedzera pakubatana kwakananga kwegiravhiti, kudhonza kwegiravhiti kwemamwe mapuraneti kunogonawo kukanganisa Pasi nenzvimbo yaro yemuchadenga. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzeJupiter neSaturn dzinogona kukanganisa kutsveyama kwepasi kwenguva refu, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa mamiriro ekunze epasi rose. Mafungu emvura anokonzerwa nekukwevera Mwedzi neZuva anozivikanwa zvakanyanya, asi pfungwa ye "mafungu" epasi rese pamwero mukuru inzvimbo inonakidza yekudzidza.
Mhedziso
Kunzwisisa kukwezvana kwemapuraneti hakungokoshi chete paruzivo rwedzidziso asiwo kune mashandisirwo anoshanda muzvikamu zvakawanda, kusanganisira kuongorora muchadenga uye kufanotaura kwemhepo. Kubva pasimba guru reJupiter kusvika pakusangana kwakaoma kwemhepo, kukwezvana kwemapuraneti kunosunga mapuraneti pamwe chete ndeimwe yemasimba akakosha anoumba simba rezuva redu.
Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, kucherechedza uye kutevedzera makombiyuta zvakawedzera kunzwisisa kwedu kudyidzana kwemapuraneti. Ruzivo urwu rwakakura harungobatsiri chete kuchengetedza kubatana kwesolar system asiwo kunzwisisa mapuraneti ari kure neboka redu renyeredzi. Kukweva kwemapuraneti pakati pemapuraneti chimwe chezvinhu zvakavanzika zvemuchadenga, uye patinodzidza zvakawanda, tinowedzera kuziva runako rwemasvomhu nemasimba emuviri anotonga hupenyu hwedu.
