Hukama huripo pakati peAnthropology neArchaeology neNhoroondo
Anthropology, archaeology, uye nhoroondo inyaya nhatu dzakasiyana asi dzakabatana, imwe neimwe ine chinangwa chayo chekunzwisisa vanhu neruzivo rwevanhu kubva pamaonero akasiyana. Kunyange zvazvo idzi dzidziso dzichishandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekuburitsa ruzivo nezvekare nezviripo, dzinobatsiranawo munzira dzakawanda. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora hukama nemabasa anotambwa neimwe neimwe mukuferefeta nekunzwisisa kuvapo kwevanhu.
Kunzwisisa Kwekutanga kweZvikamu Zvitatu zveSainzi
Anthropology
Anthropology isainzi inodzidza vanhu muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira tsika, zvipenyu, mitauro, uye magariro evanhu. Chidzidzo ichi chinoparadzanisa vanhu muzvikamu zvina zvikuru: anthropology yemagariro evanhu/tsika, anthropology yemuviri/yezvipenyu, anthropology yemitauro, uye archaeology. Chinangwa chikuru cheanthropology ndechekunzwisisa kusiyana kwevanhu nevanhu mumamiriro ezvinhu akafara, kunyanya maererano netsika dzevanhu, maitiro ezvitendero, mutauro, uye kushanduka kwevanhu.
Arkeologi
Kuchera matongo ibazi rezvevanhu rinotarisa pakudzidza nezvekare kwevanhu kuburikidza nekuchera nekuongorora zvinhu, zvakaita sezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nevanhu, mavakirwo ezvivakwa, zvisaririra zvevanhu, uye nharaunda. Chinangwa chekuchera matongo ndechekuvaka patsva nekunzwisisa hupenyu hwezuva nezuva, tsika, netsika dzevanhu vekare. Kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwakasiyana-siyana hwemumunda uye ongororo yerabhoritari, vanochera matongo vanoedza kuunganidza data rinobatsira kuvaka nguva yenhoroondo nezviitiko.
Nhoroondo
Nhoroondo inyaya yekudzidza nezvekare kwevanhu zvichibva pane zvakanyorwa uye humwe humbowo hwemabhuku. Chidzidzo ichi chinonyanya kutarisa pane zvakanyorwa zvakasiyiwa netsika dzekare uye chinowanzo patsanurwa nenguva (chronology) nenzvimbo (geography). Vanyori venhoroondo vanoshandisa nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai semagwaro, tsamba, mamepu, zvinyorwa, uye madhayari kuti vagadzire nyaya nekunzwisisa zviitiko zvenhoroondo, kuona zvikonzero nemigumisiro, uye kuongorora ruzivo rwevanhu kubva pamaonero akasiyana-siyana.
Hukama huripo pakati peAnthropology, Archaeology, uye History
Masangano matatu aya akabatana nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana uye anowanzo shanda pamwe chete kuti ape mufananidzo wakazara wezviitiko zvevanhu.
Nzira Dzekuwedzera uye Nzira Dzekuwedzera
Kunyangwe chidzidzo chimwe nechimwe chine nzira dzacho dzakasiyana, vanowanzo sanganisa nzira kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo kuti vawedzere tsvakiridzo yavo. Semuenzaniso:
– Zvekuchera matongo zvinotsamira panhoroondo yakanyorwa: Zvakawanda zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo zvinongonzwisiswa zvizere chete kana zvakabatana nezvinyorwa zvenhoroondo zviripo. Semuenzaniso, kuwanikwa kwechinyorwa kana dombo kuchashandiswa nevanyori venhoroondo kunzwisisa mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika kana emagariro evanhu echinhu chacho.
- Dzidzo yevanhu vetsika inoshandisa ruzivo rwezvakacherwa kare: Nyanzvi dzezvetsika dzevanhu vanogona kushandisa ruzivo rwezvakacherwa kare kuti vawane ruzivo rwevanhu vekare vasati vavapo mazuva ano vasina zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa. Semuenzaniso, kugadzirazve hupenyu hwevanhu vekare kuburikidza nezvinhu zvakawanikwa munzvimbo dzezvakacherwa kare.
Kufumurwa Kwenyaya Dzevanhu
Mafundo matatu aya anobatsira pakuumba rondedzero yakakura yenhoroondo yevanhu. Kunyange hazvo nhoroondo ichiwanzotarisa zviitiko zvikuru zvakanyorwa zvakadai sehondo, humambo, uye magariro makuru, anthropology nearcheology zvinobatsira kuzadza mipata nekupa maonero ehupenyu hwevanhu hwezuva nezuva, tsika, uye kukura kwezvisikwa.
- Anthropology inotarisa pakunzwisisa tsika nekushanduka-shanduka: Anthropology inosuma pfungwa dzakakosha dzakadai sekuchinjika kwetsika, kushanduka kwevanhu, kuzivikanwa kwerudzi, uye kudyidzana kwevanhu izvo zvinowanzo furatirwa nenhoroondo yechinyakare.
- Kuchera matongo kunopa humbowo hunooneka: Kuchera matongo kunounza divi rezvinhu mukudzidza nhoroondo netsika dzevanhu, zvichipa zvinhu zvakagadzirwa uye zvivakwa zvinogona kushandiswa kunzwisisa zvakawanda nezvehupenyu netsika dzevanhu munguva dzakasiyana.
Zvidzidzo zvepakati pezvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana
Tsvagiridzo yemarudzi akasiyana-siyana pakati peanthropology, archaeology, nenhoroondo yakawana ruzivo rwakakura uye nzwisiso. Semuenzaniso, kudzidza nezvehunhu hweMaya muCentral America kwakabatanidza kubatanidzwa kwemativi ese matatu. Vanochera matongo vanochera nekuongorora matongo emaguta eMaya, vanyori venhoroondo vanoongorora manyoro nemakodhekisi eMaya akapona, uye vanoongorora tsika dzevanhu vanoongorora ngano, mhemberero, uye hupenyu hwevanhu veMaya vachiripo nanhasi.
Mienzaniso Yechokwadi Yehukama Huri Pakati Pezvikamu Zvitatu
Guta rePompeii
Pompeii, guta rekare reRoma rakavigwa nekuputika kweGomo reVesuvius muna 79 AD, muenzaniso wekuti kuchera matongo, nhoroondo, uye anthropology zvinoshanda sei pamwe chete. Vacheri vematongo vakachera nekupenda mepu yeguta, vachiwana dzimba, migwagwa, mapuranga, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinopa mufananidzo wakadzama wehupenyu hwezuva nezuva muguta reRoma. Vanyori venhoroondo vanoshandisa zvakanyorwa nemagwaro akanyorwa kuti vanzwisise mamiriro ezvinhu nezviitiko zvakapoteredza zviitiko izvi. Panguva iyi, vacheri vematongo vanoongorora zvakawanikwa mumatongo kuti vanzwisise chimiro chemagariro evanhu, kudya, hutano, uye hupenyu hwemhuri hwevagari vemuPompeii.
Rudzi rwekare rwevaIjipita
Kudzidza nezveIjipita Yekare kunoratidzawo kubatana kwakadzama pakati pemafundo matatu aya. Vanyori venhoroondo vanovimba nemapepa enhokwe nezvinyorwa kuti vataure nyaya dzemadzimambo, maFarao, nezviitiko zvenhoroondo. Vacheri vematongo vanochera mapiramidhi, matemberi, nemakuva, vachiwana zvinhu zvekare nezvisaririra zvinopa ruzivo rwekuvakwa kweIjipita yekare, hunyanzvi, nechitendero. Vanyori vematongo vanoshandisa ruzivo urwu kudzidza hupenyu hwezuva nezuva, maitiro ekutenda, uye hukama hwevanhu veIjipita yekare.
Matambudziko nemikana
Kunyange zvazvo zvikoro zvitatu izvi zvichiwanzoshanda pamwe chete zvakanaka, zvinosanganawo nematambudziko. Rimwe dambudziko rakadaro kusiyana kwemaitiro uye chinangwa chekutsvagisa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kusawirirana mukududzira data. Semuenzaniso, vanyori venhoroondo vanogona kunyanya kutarisa nyaya dzakanyorwa, nepo vanochera matongo vachinyanya kufarira humbowo husiri hwechinyorwa. Zvisinei, kubatanidzwa kwezvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana izvi kunovhurawo mikana yekunzwisisa kutsva kwaisazogoneka dai zvikoro izvi zvikashanda zvakasiyana.
Mhedziso
Anthropology, archaeology, nenhoroondo inyaya dzakasiyana asi dzine hukama hwakasimba, imwe neimwe ichivavarira kunzwisisa vanhu kubva mumaonero akasiyana-siyana. Nekubatanidza simba nenzira dzechimwe nechimwe, tinogona kuwana mufananidzo wakazara uye wakazara wezvakaitika kuvanhu munguva nenzvimbo. Kushanda pamwe chete pakati pevanodzidza nezvevanhu, vanoongorora zvematongo, nevanyori venhoroondo hakungowedzere ruzivo rwedu rwezvakare chete asiwo kunotipa ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pevanhu mumamiriro avo akakura.
