Hukama huripo pakati peMutauro netsika
Mutauro chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvinosiyanisa vanhu nemarudzi. Kunze kwekuva nzira yekutaurirana, mutauro unoshandawo sechiratidzo chetsika dzenharaunda. Kuburikidza nemutauro, tsika, tsika, uye nhaka yetsika zvinopfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kuchizvarwa. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora hukama hwakaoma pakati pemutauro netsika, uye kuti shanduko yemutauro inogona sei kukanganisa kuenderera mberi kwetsika dzenharaunda.
Mutauro seMuchengeti weNhaka yeTsika
Nharaunda dzakasiyana pasi rose dzine mitauro yakasiyana, iyo inoratidza kwete chete kuti vanotaurirana sei asiwo mafungiro avo uye maitiro avo. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, kana kuti linguistic relativism hypothesis, inotaura kuti chimiro nemashoko emutauro zvinopesvedzera pfungwa nemaonero evashandisi vawo. Semuenzaniso, vanhu veInuit vekuArctic vane mazwi akawanda echando, ayo asiri mazwi akafanana chete asi anoratidza chaizvo kuti vanonzwisisa sei nharaunda yavo.
Mutsika dzakawanda, mutauro inzvimbo yekuchengetedza ngano, ngano, nziyo dzevanhu, uye nhetembo dzine tsika dzakanaka uye dzetsika. Semuenzaniso, chiGiriki chekare chine nyaya dzechiHomeric, dzisina nyaya chete asiwo dzine gwara rehunhu hwakanaka uye ushingi zvichiri kuremekedzwa nevaGiriki vemazuva ano. Mumwe muenzaniso iSanskrit mutsika dzechiHindu, ine zvinyorwa zvitsvene zvakaita seVedas neUpanishads zvakazara nedzidziso dzemweya nedzeuzivi.
Mutauro uye Kuzivikanwa: Mativi maviri eMari Imwe Chete
Kuzivikanwa kwetsika kunosanganisira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira mutauro, tsika, mapfekero, uye zvitendero. Zvisinei, mutauro unowanzoonekwa uye kunzwika zvakanyanya kwehunhu uhwu. Mutauro chaiwo haungoratidzi chete kwakabva munhu asiwo unopa zviratidzo zveboka rake remagariro nedzidzo.
Kuti tinzwisise izvi zviri nani, ngatitorei muenzaniso weJavanese muIndonesia. Mutauro uyu une mazinga: Ngoko, Krama Madya, uye Krama Inggil. Kushandiswa kwemazinga aya hakungoratidzi chete kugona kwemutauri kutaura asiwo ruremekedzo uye chinzvimbo munharaunda. Vechidiki vanoshandisa mazinga akakwirira, akadai saKrama Inggil, pavanenge vachitaura nevakuru sechiratidzo cheruremekedzo.
Kudyidzana Kwepasi Pose uye Matambudziko Emitauro Yemuno
Munguva yekudyidzana kwenyika dzakasiyana-siyana, kudyidzana pakati pevanhu kwakawedzera nekukurumidza. Chirungu chinowanzo shandiswa semutauro unoshandiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita sekutengeserana, tekinoroji, uye dzidzo yepasi rose. Kunyange zvazvo zvichibatsira mukufambisa kutaurirana pasi rose, kutonga uku kunewo mhedzisiro kumitauro yemuno.
Mitauro yemuno kana yevashoma iri panjodzi yekutsakatika sezvo vatauri vayo vachichinja kuenda kumutauro unonyanya kushandiswa nezvikonzero zvinoshanda, zvakaita sekutsvaga mabasa kana dzidzo iri nani. Sekureva kweUNESCO, parizvino kune mitauro inopfuura 2.500 iri panjodzi yekutsakatika. Mitauro iyi iri kurasikirwa kwete chete nenzvimbo munharaunda asiwo mumhuri, kwainofanira kupfuudzwa kuchizvarwa chinotevera.
Kuedza Kuchengetedza Mutauro Netsika
Kuti vadzivise njodzi yekutsakatika kwemitauro, vadzidzi, vanorwira kodzero dzevanhu, nehurumende vari kuedza kuchengetedza mitauro yakasiyana-siyana. Imwe nzira inoshanda ndeyekudzidzisa mitauro miviri kana mitauro yakawanda muzvikoro zvepuraimari. Izvi zvinopa vana mukana wekutaura mutauro wavo wekuzvarwa uku vachiri kudzidza mutauro wenyika kana wepasi rose.
Mienzaniso yezvirongwa izvi inobudirira inowanikwa munyika dzakawanda. Semuenzaniso, muWales, Welsh inodzidziswa pamwe chete neChirungu muzvikoro. Nekuda kweizvozvo, huwandu hwevanotaura Welsh hwakawedzera zvakanyanya mumakumi emakore achangopfuura. Mumamiriro ezvinhu echiIndonesia, matunhu akati wandei, akadai seBali neYogyakarta, akaisawo mapurogiramu edzidzo emitauro miviri anosanganisira mitauro yemuno nechiIndonesia, kunyange hazvo matambudziko achiripo.
Kunze kwedzidzo, midhiya netekinoroji zvine basa guru. Kugadzira zvinyorwa zvemuno mumitauro yemuno, zvakaita semafirimu, mapurogiramu eterevhizheni, kana mabhuku, kunogona kubatsira kuchengetedza mitauro ichikosha uye ichifadza vechidiki. Indaneti nenhau dzemagariro evanhu zvavewo nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekuti nharaunda dzisangane uye dzigovane ruzivo mumitauro yavo.
Kuzivikanwa Kwetsika Munyika Dzevatorwa
Tsika nemitauro zvinoratidzawo kuvapo kwenharaunda dzevanhu vari kunze kwenyika dzavo. Vangave vari maIndia muUnited States, maChinese kuMalaysia, kana maTurk kuGermany, nharaunda yega yega inogara kunze kwenyika yavo inounza mutauro netsika zvakapfuma.
Zvisinei, pakati pekudiwa kwekubatana munharaunda itsva, mitauro yemuno inowanzo shomekerwa. Vabereki vekuDiaspora vanogona kuedza kudzidzisa vana vavo mutauro wavo wemuno netsika dzavo, asi kumanikidzwa kwevanhu nedzidzo munyika itsva kunogona kuita kuti zviomere kuchengetedza mutauro wavo wemuno. Pakupedzisira, nharaunda zhinji dzevaDiaspora dzinosangana nedambudziko rekutadza kutaura mutauro, uko chizvarwa chechipiri chisisataure mutauro wemadzitateguru avo zvakanaka.
Kuti vagadzirise izvi, nharaunda zhinji dziri kunze kwenyika dzakatanga zvikoro zvemitauro nenzvimbo dzetsika dzinopa makirasi evana nevakuru. Izvi hazvina chinangwa chekuchengetedza mutauro chete asiwo kuchengetedza hunhu hwetsika huripo uye hune chekuita nazvo.
Nzvimbo yeKusiyana-siyana Kwetsika
Munguva ino, zvakakosha kwete kungochengetedza mutauro netsika chete asiwo kugamuchira tsika dzakasiyana-siyana setsika itsva. Kusiyana kwetsika kunobvumira nzanga kuziva nekukoshesa kusiyana kuri mukati mayo. Izvi zvinoreva kuremekedza mimwe mitauro, kudzidza nezvedzimwe tsika, uye kunzwisisa kuti hunhu hwemunhu hunogona kuva musanganiswa wezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinopesvedzera.
Muenzaniso wakanaka weizvi unogona kuonekwa muCanada, nyika inozivikanwa netsika dzayo dzetsika dzakasiyana. Nyika iyi inoziva mitauro miviri yepamutemo, Chirungu neFrench, asi inotsigirawo nzanga dzemitauro yevashoma kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvedzidzo nedzimwe nzira. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nenzanga inobatanidza vanhu vakawanda uko tsika dzakasiyana dzinogona kugara pamwe chete zvakanaka.
Mhedziso
Mutauro netsika zvinhu zviviri zvakabatana uye zvinosimbisana. Mutauro hausi nzira yekutaurirana chete asiwo inzira yakakosha yekutumira nekuchengetedza nhaka yetsika. Munguva yekudyidzana kwenyika, mitauro yemuno inosangana nematambudziko makuru, asi kuedza kwakasiyana-siyana kwave kuri kuitwa uye kuri kuitwa kuchengetedza.
Kuburikidza nedzidzo yemitauro, midhiya, uye mitemo yeruzhinji inotsigira tsika dzakasiyana-siyana, pane tariro yekuti mitauro yakasiyana-siyana uye hunhu hwetsika zvinogona kuramba zviripo uye zvichibudirira. Pakupedzisira, kusiyana kwemitauro netsika chinhu chakakosha chinopfumisa ruzivo rwevanhu uye chinotibatsira kunzwisisa isu pachedu mumamiriro ezvinhu akafara.
