Kunzwisisa Mutemo waPascal
Jeki/lift ye hydraulic inoshanda sei kana ichishandiswa kusimudza mota? Mabhureki e hydraulic anoshanda sei kana ichishandiswa kunonotsa mota?
Sezvatakadzidza munyaya yeFluid Pressure , mvura yega yega inomanikidza zvinhu zvese zvainosangana nazvo. Mvura yatinoisa mugirazi inomanikidza madziro egirazi. Saizvozvowo, patinogeza mudziva rekushambira kana mumvura yegungwa, mvura inomanikidza muviri wedu wese.
Kumanikidzwa kwemvura yose pakadzika kwakatarwa, semuenzaniso, kumanikidzwa kwemvura yegungwa pakadzika kwemamita mazana maviri, ndiko kuwanda kwekumanikidzwa kwemhepo kunoitwa pamusoro pegungwa uye kumanikidzwa kwakayerwa pakadzika kwemamita mazana maviri. Saka, pamusoro pemvura yepamusoro inomanikidza mvura iri pasi payo, kunewo mhepo, kana kuti mhepo, inomanikidza pamusoro pegungwa.
Kumanikidzwa kunoitwa nechikamu chemvura chiri pamusoro apa kunogona kutsanangurwa sekumanikidzwa kwemukati nekuti kunobva mukati memvura, nepo kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kunogona kutsanangurwa sekumanikidzwa kwekunze nekuti mhepo yakaparadzana nemvura. Kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kunoshanda pamusoro pese pemvura uye kunopfuudzwa mumvura yese. Nokudaro, kumanikidzwa kwemvura yese pakadzika kwakati kwakatarwa hakungopesvedzerwa nekumanikidzwa kwechikamu chemvura chiri pamusoro chete asiwo nekumanikidzwa kwemhepo.
Kuti tinzwisise tsananguro iyi zviri nani, ngatitarisei mvura iri mumudziyo.
Kumanikidzwa kwemvura iri pasi pemudziyo kwakakura kupfuura kumanikidzwa kwemvura iri pamusoro payo. Kana ukadzikira, kumanikidzwa kwemvura kunowedzera; zvakasiyana, kana ukasvika pedyo nepamusoro pemudziyo, kumanikidzwa kwemvura kunowedzerawo.
Hukuru hwekumanikidzwa hunoenderana ne ρ gh (ρ = density, g = acceleration nekuda kwegravity uye h = urefu kana kudzika). Panzvimbo imwe neimwe pakadzika kwakafanana, hukuru hwekumanikidzwa hwakafanana. Izvi zvinoshanda kune zvese zvinwiwa zviri mumudziyo chero upi zvawo uye hazvitsamiri pachimiro chemudziyo.
Kana tikashandisa kumanikidzwa kwekunze, semuenzaniso nekudzvanya pamusoro pemvura, kuwedzera kwekumanikidzwa mukati memvura kwakafanana kwese kwese. Nokudaro, kana kumanikidzwa kwekunze kwashandiswa, chikamu chega chega chemvura chinogamuchira mugove wakafanana wekumanikidzwa. Nokudaro, kumanikidzwa kunogara kwakafanana panzvimbo imwe neimwe pakadzika kwakafanana. Uyu ndiwo Murairo waPascal, wakarongwa uye wakatumidzwa zita remuvambi wawo, Blaise Pascal (1623–1662). Pascal aive muzivi weFrance uye musayendisiti.
Nheyo yaPascal inoti kumanikidzwa kunoiswa pamvura iri mumudziyo wakavharwa kuchapfuudzwa zvakaenzana kune chikamu chimwe nechimwe chemvura uye madziro emudziyo.
Pamasvomhu, zvinogona kunyorwa seizvi:
Information :
p = Kumanikidzwa, F = Simba, A = Nzvimbo yepamusoro
Izwi rekuti in rinomiririra kumanikidzwa kuri kushandiswa, ukuwo shoko rekuti out richimirira kumanikidzwa kuri kupfuudzwa.
Kushandiswa kwePrinciple yaPascal
Vachitungamirirwa nepfungwa yaPascal, vanhu vakagadzira maturusi akati wandei, ari nyore uye akaomarara, kuti hupenyu huve nyore. Mamwe acho anosanganisira majaki ehydraulic, ma hydraulic lifts, ma hydraulic brakes, nezvimwewo.
Jack yeHydraulic kana Lift
Mashandiro anoita jeki kana kuti lift ye hydraulic anoratidzwa mumufananidzo.
Chivharo chehydraulic chine mudziyo une nzvimbo mbiri. Pamusoro pese pane piston, nzvimbo yepiston kuruboshwe iri diki pane nzvimbo yepiston kurudyi. Nzvimbo yepiston inogadziriswa kuti ienderane nenzvimbo yemudziyo. Mudziyo unozadzwa nemvura, senge mafuta.
Kana piston, ine nzvimbo diki pamusoro, ikasundirwa pasi, saka chikamu chimwe nechimwe chemvura chinoenderanawo nacho.
Yakadzvanywa. Huwandu hwekumanikidzwa kunoitwa nepiston ine nzvimbo diki yepamusoro (mufananidzo wekuruboshwe) hunoendeswa kuzvikamu zvese zvemvura. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mvura inodzvanywa papiston ine nzvimbo yakakura yepamusoro (mufananidzo wekurudyi) kusvika piston yasimudzwa mudenga. Nzvimbo yepamusoro yepiston iri kudzvanywa idiki, saka simba rinodiwa kuti idzvanywe mvura idikiwo. Asi nekuda kwekuti kudzvanywa (Pressure = force / unit area) kunofambiswa mumvura yese, simba diki rinoshanduka kuita simba guru kwazvo kana mvura ichidzvanywa papiston iri kurudyi ine nzvimbo yakakura yepamusoro. Hazviwanzoitiki kuti vanhu vashandise simba rekupinda papiston ine nzvimbo yakakura yepamusoro, nekuti hazvibatsiri. Pamusoro pepiston ine nzvimbo yakakura yepamusoro, chinhu kana chikamu chechinhu chinofanira kusimudzwa (semuenzaniso, mota) chinowanzoiswa.
Usashamisika kana mota ine huremu hwakakura zvikuru ichikwanisa kusimudzwa zviri nyore nekungodzvanya imwe yepiston. Nzvimbo yepamusoro pepiston idiki kwazvo, saka simba ratinoshandisa idikiwo. Zvisinei, simba diki iri rinogona kushandurwa kuita simba guru rekuburitsa kana nzvimbo yepamusoro yekuburitsa yakakura kwazvo.
Kana jeki re hydraulic rakagadzirirwa kusimudza mota inorema zvikuru, mugadziri anofanira kufunga nezvesimba remuchadenga remotokari uye simba remuchadenga re jack. Kurema kwemota iri kusimudzwa kwakakura, nzvimbo yekubuda kwejeki yakakura. Pamwero wepasi, simba rekubuda rinogadzirwa nejeki re hydraulic rinofanira kuva rakakura kupfuura kana kuti rakaenzana nehuremu hwechinhu chiri kusimudzwa.
Muenzaniso wemubvunzo wechi1:
A 1 = 100 cm 2
A 2 = 250 cm 2
F 1 = 200 N
Akabvunzwa: F 2
Kukurukurirana
Muenzaniso wemubvunzo wechi2:
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
A 1 = 100 cm 2 = 100 x 10 -4 m 2 = 0,01 m 2
A 2 = 250 cm 2 = 250 x 10 -4 m 2 = 0,025 m 2
Huremu hwemutoro = 200 kg
Kuwanda kwemafuta (ρ) = 780 kg/ m3
Kureba kwekoramu yemafuta (h) = mamita maviri
Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 m/s 2
Akabvunzwa: Chii chinonzi simba rekuisa (F) shoma kuitira kuti mutoro ugare wakaenzana (mutoro haufambe)?
Mhinduro:
