Fomura Yekumanikidza: Tsanangudzo, Fomura, uye Kushandiswa
Pfungwa huru mufizikisi ine chekuita nekuchinja kwesimba rechinhu. Pfungwa iyi inowanzo shandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana kubva pakutsakatika kwemotokari kusvika kumitambo, uko kuongorora shanduko dzesimba rechinhu kunopa ruzivo rwekuchinja kwehurongwa. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura zvakadzama kuti chii chinonzi impulse, fomura inoshandiswa kuiverenga, uye mashandisirwo ayo muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Kunzwisisa Kufungidzira
Impulse (Impulse) huwandu hunobva musimba rinoshanda pachinhu panguva yakatarwa. Impulse ine chekuita zvakananga nekuchinja kwesimba rechinhu ichocho. Muchirevo ichi, simba resimba (momentum) imhedzisiro yehukuru hwechinhu uye kumhanya kwacho.
Mukunyora kwemasvomhu, impulse (\(J\)) inogona kuratidzwa sechibereko chesimba (\(F\)) uye nguva (\(\Delta t\)):
\[ J = F \cdot \Delta t \]
Zvisinei, sezvo simba risingawanzo gara riripo, fomura inowanzoshandiswa inosanganisira kubatana kwesimba maererano nenguva:
\[ J = \int_{t_1}^{t_2} F(t) \, dt \]
Hukama huripo pakati peImpulse neMomentum
Zvinoenderana nemutemo wechipiri waNewton, simba (\(F\)) rinoshanda pachinhu rakaenzana nechiyero chekuchinja kwesimba (\(p\)) rechinhu:
\[ F = \frac{dp}{dt} \]
Nekubatanidza equation iyi maererano nenguva, tinogona kuratidza impulse sekuchinja kwe momentum:
\[ J = \int_{t_1}^{t_2} F(t) \, dt = \Delta p \]
Di mana:
– \( \Delta p \) ndiko kuchinja kwesimba rechinhu,
– \( p \) ndiyo momentum inotsanangurwa se \( p = mv \),
– \( m \) huremu hwechinhu,
– \( v \) ndiko kumhanya kwechinhu chacho.
Fomura Yekuvhunduka
Panyaya yesimba risingaperi, fomura yekufema inogona kurerutswa kuita:
\[ J = F \cdot \Delta t \]
Pamasimba akasiyana-siyana, tinoshandisa chinhu chakakosha chesimba maererano nenguva:
\[ J = \int_{t_1}^{t_2} F(t) \, dt \]
Maitiro Ekukurudzira Muhupenyu Hwezuva Nezuva
Zvishuwo zvine basa rakakosha muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye tekinoroji. Heano mimwe mienzaniso yemashandisirwo azvo:
Kubonderana Kwemotokari
Mutsaona dzemumugwagwa, ongororo ye impulse inobatsira kunzwisisa kuti masimba ekurovera anokanganisa sei mota nevaya vari mairi. Ma airbag mumotokari anoshandisa musimboti we impulse kuderedza masimba anobata vanhu vari mukati nekuwedzera nguva yekurovera, nokudaro zvichideredza kukuvara.
Mitambo
Mumitambo yakaita sebhokisi kana nhabvu, vatambi vanoedza kuwedzera simba ravo kuti varove kana kukanda zvine simba. Mubaseball, vanorova vanoedza kuramba vachibata bhora nebat kuti vape simba guru, zvichikonzera kurova kwakaoma uye kure.
Racket neBhora
Mumutambo wetennis kana bhedhi, vatambi vanoshandisa ma racket avo kupa simba kubhora kana shuttlecock, vachichinja simba rayo voritungamira kune muvengi wavo. Vatambi vanoedza kushandisa nguva uye kushandisa simba ravo kuti vawedzere simba rinopihwa.
Maroketi uye Kufambisa
Muhunyanzvi hweroketi, musimboti we "impulse" unoshandiswa kunzwisisa kuti magasi anoburitswa muinjini yeroketi anogadzira sei "thrust". Nekuburitsa magasi nekumhanya kwakanyanya munguva pfupi, roketi inowana "impulse" huru inoisundira mberi.
Muenzaniso weKuverenga Kwepfungwa
Heano mimwe mienzaniso yekuverenga kuti unzwisise pfungwa ye "impulse" mumamiriro akasiyana.
Muenzaniso 1: Kufuridzira Nesimba Risingaperi
Bhora rine huremu hwe 0.5 kg rinorohwa nesimba risingaperi re 20 N kwesekondi 0.1. Verenga simba rinopihwa kubhora uye shanduko yesimba raro.
Zvinozivikanwa:
– Huremu (\(m\)) = 0.5 kg,
– Simba (\(F\)) = 20 N,
– Nguva (\(\Delta t\)) = 0.1 masekondi.
Kuverenga kumanikidzwa (\(J\)):
\[ J = F \cdot \Delta t \]
\[ J = 20 \, \text{N} \times 0.1 \, \text{seconds} \]
\[ J = 2 \, \mashoko{Ns} \]
Sezvo kusundidzira kwakaenzana nekuchinja kwesimba:
\[ J = \Delta p \]
Saka, shanduko mu momentum (\(\Delta p\)) i2 Ns.
Muenzaniso 2: Kufurirwa Nesimba Rinochinja
Ngatitii simba rinoshanda pachinhu rinosiyana zvichienderana ne equation \( F(t) = 5t \) N, apo \(t \) inguva mumasekonzi. Verengai impulse inoshandiswa pachinhu kubva pa \(t = 0 \) kusvika pa \(t = 2 \) masekondi.
Kuverenga kumanikidzwa (\(J\)):
\[ J = \int_{0}^{2} 5t \, dt \]
Batanidza:
\[ J = 5 \int_{0}^{2} t \, dt \]
\[ J = 5 \kuruboshwe[ \frac{t^2}{2} \kurudyi]_{0}^{2} \]
\[ J = 5 \kuruboshwe( \frac{2^2}{2} – \frac{0^2}{2} \kurudyi) \]
\[ J = 5 \kuruboshwe( 2 \kurudyi) \]
\[ J = 10 \, \mashoko{Ns} \]
Saka, simba rinopihwa kune chinhu i10 Ns.
Mhedziso
Kufungidzira (Impulse) ipfungwa inokosha mufizikisi ine chekuita nekuchinja kwesimba rechinhu nekuda kwesimba rinoshanda kwenguva yakati. Kufungidzira (Impulse) kunogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa fomura iri nyore yesimba risingaperi kana kushandisa chinhu chinobatanidzwa (integral) chesimba rinosiyana. Kunzwisisa kupindira (impulse) kwakakosha mumabasa akasiyana-siyana anoshanda, kusanganisira kuongorora tsaona dzemotokari, mitambo, uye tekinoroji yeroketi. Nekunzwisisa nekushandisa pfungwa yekufungidzira (impulse), tinogona kuongorora nekugadzira masisitimu anoshanda uye akachengeteka mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana ezuva nezuva uye tekinoroji.
