Fomula ya dera la capacitor

Capacitor ili ndi capacitance inayake. Ngati capacitance yofunikira palibe, ma capacitor awiri kapena kuposerapo akhoza kulumikizidwa kuti akwaniritse capacitance yofunikira. Kuti mulumikize ma capacitor molondola, kumvetsetsa bwino ma capacitor circuits ndikofunikira.

Musanaphunzire ma capacitor circuits, choyamba mvetsetsani zizindikiro. Zotsatirazi. Mizere iwiri yoyima mu chizindikiro cha capacitor ikuyimira ma conductor awiri mu capacitor yofanana. Mu chizindikiro cha batri, mzere wautali woyima ukuyimira mphamvu yayikulu (+) ndipo mzere waufupi woyima ukuyimira mphamvu yochepa (-). Mizere yoyima mu zizindikiro za capacitor ndi batri ikuyimira mawaya.

Mndandanda wa Masewero

Ma capacitor awiri olumikizidwa monga momwe zasonyezedwera kumanzere amatchedwa ma capacitor mu mndandanda. Chithunzi chomwe chili kumanja chikuwonetsa capacitor yolowa m'malo yokhala ndi capacitance yofanana ndi ma capacitor awiri olumikizidwa mu mndandanda.

Poyamba, ma capacitor onse awiri sadzachajidwa. Akalumikizidwa ku batri, mbale yapamwamba ya capacitor C imayikidwa.₁ yomwe yalumikizidwa ndi ndodo yabwino ya batri imakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino chifukwa ma elekitironi amatulukamo ndi mbale yapansi ya capacitor C₂ Capacitor yolumikizidwa ku negative terminal ya batri imakhala ndi negative charge chifukwa cha ma elekitironi omwe imalandira. Ma elekitironi omwe ali ndi negative charge amasuntha chifukwa amakopeka ndi positive charge ya batri. Ma elekitironi amenewa amakankhidwa ndi negative charge ya batri kupita pansi pa capacitor C.₂. Mbale yapamwamba ya capacitor C₁ Mbale yodzaza bwino imakoka ma elekitironi kuchokera pamwamba pa capacitor C.₂ kotero kuti ma elekitironi asunthire ku mbale yapansi ya capacitor C₁Zotsatira zake, mbale ya pansi ya capacitor C₁ imakhala ndi mphamvu yoipa ndipo mbale yapamwamba ya capacitor C imayikidwa₂ kukhala ndi mphamvu zabwino.

Mphamvu yoipa yotuluka pa mbale yapamwamba ya capacitor C₁ kuchuluka komweko monga mphamvu yoyipa yomwe imalowa pansi pa capacitor C₂ ndi mbale yapamwamba ya capacitor C₁ imalandira mphamvu yofanana ndi ...₁ ndi chimodzimodzi ndi mphamvu yabwino yomwe ili pamwamba pa capacitor C₂Kotero mbale iliyonse ya kondakitala ili ndi kuchuluka kofanana kwa mphamvu koma chizindikirocho ndi chosiyana, pomwe mbale yapamwamba ya capacitor C₁ choyimitsidwa + Q, mbale yapansi ya capacitor C₁ choyimitsidwa -Q, mbale yapamwamba ya capacitor C₂ choyimbidwa +Q ndi mbale yapansi ya capacitor C₂ cholipiritsa -Q. Mu seti yotsatizana, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pa capacitor C₁ (Q₁) = kuchuluka chaji yamagetsi pa capacitor C₂ (Q₂) = Q.

Nanga bwanji za mphamvu yamagetsi? Mu seti yotsatizana, mphamvu yamagetsi pa capacitor yosinthira ndi yofanana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pa capacitor iliyonse, V = V₁ +V₂. Mphamvu yamagetsi pa capacitor C₁ ndi V₁ = Q/C₁, mphamvu yamagetsi pa capacitor C₂ ndi V₂ = Q/C₂ ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi pa capacitor yolowa m'malo ndi V = Q/C.
V = V₁ +V₂
Q/C = Q/C₁ + Q/C₂
Q/C = Q (1/C)₁ + 1/C₂)
1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂
Ngati pali ma capacitor atatu olumikizidwa motsatizana, fomula yomwe ili pamwambapa imasintha kukhala:
1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + 1/C₃
Ngati pali ma capacitor anayi, onjezerani 1/C₄Momwemonso, ngati pali ma capacitor asanu, ndi zina zotero. Iyi ndi njira yodziwira capacitance ya capacitor yolowa m'malo mwa ma capacitor olumikizidwa motsatizana.

Tiyerekeze kuti C₁ ndi 2 ndi C₂ ndi 1 ndiye kuti capacitance ya capacitor yolowa m'malo ndi:
1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ = 1/2 + 1/1 = 1/2 + 2/2 = 3/2
C/1 = C = 2/3
Kutengera ndi kuwerengera kumeneku, zatsimikiziridwa kuti mphamvu ya capacitor yolowa m'malo ndi yaying'ono kuposa mphamvu ya capacitor iliyonse yolumikizidwa motsatizana.

Dera Lofanana

Ma capacitor awiri olumikizidwa monga momwe zasonyezedwera kumanzere amatchedwa ma capacitor ofanana. Chithunzi chomwe chili kumanja chikuwonetsa capacitor yofanana ndi capacitance yofanana ndi ma capacitor awiri olumikizidwa motsatizana.

Mbale yapamwamba ya capacitor C₁ ndi C₂ yolumikizidwa ku mtengo wabwino wa batri kuti mbale ziwirizi zikhale ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zambiri. Pakadali pano, mbale yapansi ya capacitor C₁ ndi C₂ yolumikizidwa ku pole yoyipa ya batri kotero kuti mbale ziwirizi zikhale ndi mphamvu zochepa zamagetsi. Chifukwa chake zitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti capacitor iliyonse yolumikizidwa motsatizana ili ndi kusiyana kofanana kwa mphamvu monga kusiyana kwa mphamvu ya batri (V).₁ =V₂ = V).

Pamene ma capacitor awiri ofanana alumikizidwa ku batri, ndodo yabwino ya batri imakoka ma elekitironi ku mbale yapamwamba pomwe ndodo yoyipa ya batri imakoka ma elekitironi ku mbale yapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma elekitironi asunthe kuchokera ku mbale yapamwamba kupita ku mbale yapansi. Ma mbale awiri apamwamba amataya ma elekitironi, kukhala ndi mphamvu yabwino, ndipo mbale ziwiri zapansi zimapeza ma elekitironi, kukhala ndi mphamvu yoyipa. Kusamutsa ma elekitironi kumayima pamene kusiyana komwe kungachitike pakati pa mbale ziwiri zoyendetsera magetsi kuli kofanana ndi kusiyana komwe kungachitike kwa batri.

Mbale yapamwamba ya capacitor C₁ ndi mbale ya pansi ya capacitor C₁ ali ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomweyo koma ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyana. Momwemonso mbale yapamwamba ya capacitor C₂ ndi mbale ya pansi ya capacitor C₂ imasunga chaji yamagetsi yofanana koma yokhala ndi zizindikiro zosiyana. Ngati chaji yamagetsi imasungidwa mu capacitor C₁ ndi Q₁ ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yosungidwa mu capacitor C₂ ndi Q₂ ndiye kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yosungidwa mu ma capacitor awiri olumikizidwa motsatizana ndi Q = Q₁ +Q₂Kotero mphamvu yonse yamagetsi pa ma capacitor olumikizidwa motsatizana ndi yofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu pa capacitor iliyonse.

Kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pa capacitor iliyonse yolumikizidwa motsatizana kumawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito equation Q₁ = C₁ ΔV ndi Q₂ = C₂ ΔV pomwe kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pa capacitor yolowa m'malo kumawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito equation Q = C ΔV, pomwe Q ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, C ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ndipo ΔV ndi kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi. Equation Q = Q₁ +Q₂ kusinthidwa mwa kusintha Q:
Q = Q₁ +Q₂
C ΔV = C₁ ΔV + C₂ ΔV
C ΔV = ΔV (C₁ + C.₂)
C = C₁ + C.₂
Kusiyana komwe kungatheke ndi ΔV ndikofanana ndipo chifukwa chake kwachotsedwa mu equation.
Ngati pali ma capacitor atatu olumikizidwa motsatizana, fomula yomwe ili pamwambapa imasintha kukhala:
C = C₁ + C.₂ + C.₃
Ngati pali ma capacitor anayi ndiye kuti C imawonjezedwa₄Momwemonso, ngati pali ma capacitor asanu, ndi zina zotero. Iyi ndi njira yodziwira capacitance ya capacitor yolowa m'malo mwa ma capacitor olumikizidwa motsatizana.

Tiyerekeze kuti C₁ ndi 2 ndi C₂ ndi 1 ndiye kuti capacitance ya capacitor yolowa m'malo ndi:
C = C₁ + C.₂ 2 + 1 = 3
Kutengera ndi kuwerengera kumeneku, zatsimikiziridwa kuti mphamvu ya capacitor yolowa m'malo ndi yayikulu kuposa mphamvu ya capacitor iliyonse yolumikizidwa motsatizana.