Fomula ya dera la capacitor

Capacitor ili ndi capacitance inayake. Ngati capacitance yofunikira palibe, ma capacitor awiri kapena kuposerapo akhoza kulumikizidwa kuti akwaniritse capacitance yofunikira. Kuti mulumikize ma capacitor molondola, kumvetsetsa bwino ma capacitor circuits ndikofunikira.

Musanaphunzire ma capacitor circuits, choyamba mvetsetsani zizindikiro. Zotsatirazi. Mizere iwiri yoyima mu chizindikiro cha capacitor ikuyimira ma conductor awiri mu capacitor yofanana. Mu chizindikiro cha batri, mzere wautali woyima ukuyimira mphamvu yayikulu (+) ndipo mzere waufupi woyima ukuyimira mphamvu yochepa (-). Mizere yoyima mu zizindikiro za capacitor ndi batri ikuyimira mawaya.

Mndandanda wa Masewero

Ma capacitor awiri olumikizidwa monga momwe zasonyezedwera kumanzere amatchedwa ma capacitor mu mndandanda. Chithunzi chomwe chili kumanja chikuwonetsa capacitor yolowa m'malo yokhala ndi capacitance yofanana ndi ma capacitor awiri olumikizidwa mu mndandanda.

Poyamba, ma capacitor onse awiri sali ndi magetsi. Pambuyo polumikizidwa ku batri, mbale ya pamwamba ya capacitor C1 _yomwe imalumikizidwa ku positive pole ya batri imakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino chifukwa ma elekitironi amatulukamo ndipo mbale yapansi ya capacitor C2 _yomwe imalumikizidwa ku positive pole ya batri imakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino chifukwa imalandira ma elekitironi. Ma elekitironi omwe ali ndi mphamvu zoyipa amasuntha chifukwa amakokedwa ndi positive pole ya batri yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yabwino. Kenako, ma elekitironi awa amakankhidwa ndi positive pole ya batri yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zoyipa kupita ku plate yapansi ya capacitor C2 _. Mbale yapamwamba ya capacitor _C1 yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yabwino imakoka ma elekitironi kuchokera ku plate yapamwamba ya capacitor C2 _kotero kuti ma elekitironi asunthire ku plate yapansi ya capacitor C1 _. Zotsatira zake, mbale yapansi ya capacitor C1 _imakhala ndi mphamvu zoyipa ndipo mbale yapamwamba ya capacitor C2 _imakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino.

Chaji yoipa yomwe imatuluka mu mbale yapamwamba ya capacitor C ₁ ndi yofanana ndi chaji yoipa yomwe imalowa mu mbale yapansi ya capacitor C ₂ ndipo mbale yapamwamba ya capacitor C ₁ imapeza chaji yoipa yomwe ndi yofanana ndi chaji yoipa yomwe imatulukamo. Momwemonso, chaji yoipa yomwe ili pa mbale yapansi ya capacitor C ₁ ndi yofanana ndi chaji yoipa yomwe ili pa mbale yapamwamba ya capacitor C _2. Chifukwa chake mbale iliyonse ya conductor ili ndi kuchuluka kofanana kwa chaji koma chizindikirocho ndi chosiyana, pomwe mbale yapamwamba ya capacitor C ₁ ili ndi chaji ya +Q, mbale yapansi ya capacitor C ₁ ili ndi chaji ya -Q, mbale yapamwamba ya capacitor C ₂ ili ndi chaji ya +Q ndipo mbale yapansi ya capacitor C ₂ ili ndi chaji ya -Q. Mu sewero la mndandanda, kuchuluka kwa chaji yamagetsi pa capacitor C ₁ (Q ₁ ) = kuchuluka kwa chaji yamagetsi pa capacitor C ₂ (Q ₂ ) = Q.

Nanga bwanji za mphamvu yamagetsi? Mu seti yotsatizana, mphamvu yamagetsi pa capacitor yosinthira ndi yofanana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pa capacitor iliyonse, V = V₁ +V₂. Mphamvu yamagetsi pa capacitor C₁ ndi V₁ = Q/C₁, mphamvu yamagetsi pa capacitor C₂ ndi V₂ = Q/C₂ ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi pa capacitor yolowa m'malo ndi V = Q/C.
V = V₁ +V₂
Q/C = Q/C₁ + Q/C₂
Q/C = Q (1/C)₁ + 1/C₂)
1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂
Ngati pali ma capacitor atatu olumikizidwa motsatizana, fomula yomwe ili pamwambapa imasintha kukhala:
1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + 1/C₃
Ngati pali ma capacitor anayi, onjezerani 1/C₄Momwemonso, ngati pali ma capacitor asanu, ndi zina zotero. Iyi ndi njira yodziwira capacitance ya capacitor yolowa m'malo mwa ma capacitor olumikizidwa motsatizana.

Tiyerekeze kuti C₁ ndi 2 ndi C₂ ndi 1 ndiye kuti capacitance ya capacitor yolowa m'malo ndi:
1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ = 1/2 + 1/1 = 1/2 + 2/2 = 3/2
C/1 = C = 2/3
Kutengera ndi kuwerengera kumeneku, zatsimikiziridwa kuti mphamvu ya capacitor yolowa m'malo ndi yaying'ono kuposa mphamvu ya capacitor iliyonse yolumikizidwa motsatizana.

Dera Lofanana

Ma capacitor awiri olumikizidwa monga momwe zasonyezedwera kumanzere amatchedwa ma capacitor ofanana. Chithunzi chomwe chili kumanja chikuwonetsa capacitor yofanana ndi capacitance yofanana ndi ma capacitor awiri olumikizidwa motsatizana.

Ma plate apamwamba a ma capacitor C1 _ndi C2 _{amalumikizidwa} ku terminal yabwino ya batri, kotero ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu yamagetsi. Pakadali pano, ma plate apansi a ma capacitor C1 _ndi C2 _{amalumikizidwa} ku terminal yoyipa ya batri, kotero alinso ndi mphamvu yochepa yamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, zitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti capacitor iliyonse yolumikizidwa motsatizana ili ndi kusiyana kwa mphamvu kofanana ndi kusiyana kwa mphamvu ya batri (V1 ₌ V2 ₌ V).

Pamene ma capacitor awiri ofanana alumikizidwa ku batri, ndodo yabwino ya batri imakoka ma elekitironi ku mbale yapamwamba pomwe ndodo yoyipa ya batri imakoka ma elekitironi ku mbale yapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma elekitironi asunthe kuchokera ku mbale yapamwamba kupita ku mbale yapansi. Ma mbale awiri apamwamba amataya ma elekitironi, kukhala ndi mphamvu yabwino, ndipo mbale ziwiri zapansi zimapeza ma elekitironi, kukhala ndi mphamvu yoyipa. Kusamutsa ma elekitironi kumayima pamene kusiyana komwe kungachitike pakati pa mbale ziwiri zoyendetsera magetsi kuli kofanana ndi kusiyana komwe kungachitike kwa batri.

Mbale ya pamwamba ya capacitor C ₁ ndi mbale ya pansi ya capacitor C ₁ zimasunga mphamvu yamagetsi yomweyo koma zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zosiyana. Momwemonso, mbale ya pamwamba ya capacitor C ₂ ndi mbale ya pansi ya capacitor C ₂ zimasunga mphamvu yamagetsi yomweyo koma zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zosiyana. Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi yosungidwa mu capacitor C ₁ ndi Q ₁ ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi yosungidwa mu capacitor C ₂ ndi Q ₂ ndiye kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yonse yosungidwa mu capacitor zonse zolumikizidwa motsatizana ndi Q = Q ₁ + Q _2. Chifukwa chake mphamvu yamagetsi yonse mu capacitor yolumikizidwa motsatizana ndi yofanana ndi ndalama zonse mu capacitor iliyonse.

Kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pa capacitor iliyonse yolumikizidwa motsatizana kumawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito equation Q₁ = C₁ ΔV ndi Q₂ = C₂ ΔV pomwe kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pa capacitor yolowa m'malo kumawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito equation Q = C ΔV, pomwe Q ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, C ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ndipo ΔV ndi kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi. Equation Q = Q₁ +Q₂ kusinthidwa mwa kusintha Q:
Q = Q₁ +Q₂
C ΔV = C₁ ΔV + C₂ ΔV
C ΔV = ΔV (C₁ + C.₂)
C = C₁ + C.₂
Kusiyana komwe kungatheke ndi ΔV ndikofanana ndipo chifukwa chake kwachotsedwa mu equation.
Ngati pali ma capacitor atatu olumikizidwa motsatizana, fomula yomwe ili pamwambapa imasintha kukhala:
C = C₁ + C.₂ + C.₃
Ngati pali ma capacitor anayi ndiye kuti C imawonjezedwa₄Momwemonso, ngati pali ma capacitor asanu, ndi zina zotero. Iyi ndi njira yodziwira capacitance ya capacitor yolowa m'malo mwa ma capacitor olumikizidwa motsatizana.

Tiyerekeze kuti C₁ ndi 2 ndi C₂ ndi 1 ndiye kuti capacitance ya capacitor yolowa m'malo ndi:
C = C₁ + C.₂ 2 + 1 = 3
Kutengera ndi kuwerengera kumeneku, zatsimikiziridwa kuti mphamvu ya capacitor yolowa m'malo ndi yayikulu kuposa mphamvu ya capacitor iliyonse yolumikizidwa motsatizana.