NJIRA ZABWINO

Chiphunzitso cha Aristotle cha Chimwemwe Chimwemwe ndi mutu womwe nthawi zambiri umapezeka m'makambirano a anthu: anthu amautsatira kudzera mu ntchito, maubwenzi, chuma, kuzindikirika, kapena zokumana nazo zosangalatsa. Komabe, katswiri wakale wafilosofi wachigiriki Aristotle (384–322 BC) akutipempha kuti tifunse funso lofunika kwambiri: kodi chimwemwe ndi chiyani kwenikweni, ndipo tiyenera kukhala bwanji kuti tichipeze? Mu ntchito yake yofunika kwambiri, Nicomachean Ethics, … Werengani zambiri

Kant ndi Chiphunzitso cha A Priori cha Chidziwitso Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) ali ndi udindo wofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri ya filosofi yamakono, makamaka pankhani yokambirana momwe chidziwitso cha anthu chimathekera komanso malire ake. Mu ntchito yake yofunika kwambiri, Critique of Pure Reason (1781/1787), Kant adayambitsa "kusintha" momwe filosofi imamvetsetsera ubale pakati pa munthu (munthu) ndi… Werengani zambiri

Kutsutsa kwa Nietzsche pa Chipembedzo Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri anzeru oyambitsa mikangano kwambiri m'mbiri ya malingaliro akumadzulo. Sanangotsutsa chipembedzo ngati bungwe la anthu, komanso adatsutsa maziko amakhalidwe abwino, achilengedwe, ndi amisala omwe, iye adati, amachirikiza momwe anthu amachitira chipembedzo—makamaka m'miyambo yachikhristu yaku Europe. Kutsutsa kwa Nietzsche pa chipembedzo nthawi zambiri kumafotokozedwa mwachidule kuti "Nietzsche amadana ndi Mulungu," ... Werengani zambiri

Filosofi ya Karl Marx ya Mbiri ya Zinthu Zamtengo Wapatali Zinthu zamtengo Wapatali ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe Karl Marx adathandizira kwambiri pakumvetsetsa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi kusintha kwa mbiri. Kudzera mu njira imeneyi, Marx anayesa kufotokoza kuti mizu yayikulu ya chitukuko cha anthu si malingaliro osamveka bwino, makhalidwe abwino, kapena chifuniro cha anthu akuluakulu, koma m'malo mwake zinthu zakuthupi: momwe anthu amapangira zosowa zawo, momwe ntchito imakonzedwera, ndi momwe zotsatira zake… Werengani zambiri

Plato ndi Chiphunzitso cha Mitundu ya Malingaliro Plato (pafupifupi 427–347 BC) ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri anzeru kwambiri m'mbiri ya malingaliro akumadzulo. Anakhalapo nthawi ya chipwirikiti cha ndale ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu ku Greece Yakale, makamaka pambuyo pa Nkhondo ya Peloponnesian yomwe inafooketsa Atene. Pamkhalidwe umenewo, Plato anaganizira mafunso ofunikira: Kodi chilungamo n'chiyani? Kodi tingadziwe bwanji chilichonse motsimikiza? Chifukwa chiyani… Werengani zambiri

Chiphunzitso Chomveka cha Chidziwitso M'mbiri ya filosofi, funso la momwe anthu amadziwira lakhala pakati pa mkangano. Kodi chidziwitso chimachokera kuti? Kodi n'chodalirika bwanji? Kodi chowonadi chimatsimikiziridwa ndi zomwe munthu akumva, kapena ndi luso loganiza? Pakati pa mayankho osiyanasiyana omwe amaperekedwa, chiphunzitso chomveka cha chidziwitso—kapena kulingalira—chimakhala ndi udindo waukulu. Chiphunzitsochi chikugogomezera kuti gwero… Werengani zambiri

Filosofi Yachilengedwe ndi Lingaliro la Zenizeni Filosofi yachilengedwe ndi imodzi mwa nthambi zakale kwambiri za kuganiza kwa anthu. Kale kwambiri mawu oti "sayansi" asanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'lingaliro lake lamakono, akatswiri anzeru ku Greece, India, China, ndi zitukuko zina anali kale kufunsa mafunso ofunikira: kodi chilengedwe n'chiyani, kodi zinthu zonse zimapangidwa ndi chiyani, chifukwa chiyani kusintha kumachitika, komanso ngati zenizeni zomwe timakumana nazo ndi... Werengani zambiri

Zopereka za Martin Heidegger ku Filosofi Yokhalapo Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) anali m'modzi mwa akatswiri afilosofi otchuka kwambiri a m'zaka za m'ma 20. Dzina lake nthawi zambiri limagwirizanitsidwa ndi filosofi yokhalapo, ngakhale kuti iye mwini nthawi zina sanali womasuka kutchedwa "filosofi yokhalapo" mofanana ndi Jean-Paul Sartre kapena Albert Camus. Chopereka cha Heidegger chili makamaka pakukonzanso kwambiri momwe filosofi imamvetsetsera kukhala ... Werengani zambiri

Chiphunzitso cha Aristotle cha Makhalidwe Abwino Chiphunzitso cha Aristotle cha makhalidwe abwino ndi chimodzi mwa malingaliro ofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri ya filosofi ya makhalidwe abwino. Mosiyana ndi njira zamakhalidwe abwino zomwe zimaweruza zochita potengera zotsatira zake (monga utilitarianism) kapena kutsatira malamulo (monga deontology), Aristotle amaika chidwi pa kapangidwe ka khalidwe. Funso lake lalikulu si "Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani?" koma m'malo mwake... Werengani zambiri

Kupanda Chilungamo ndi Kupanda Chilungamo M'dziko lothamanga—lodzaza ndi chidziwitso, zofuna zokolola, ndi miyezo yosinthasintha ya chipambano—anthu ambiri amamva chinthu chachilendo: moyo umapitirira, koma ukuoneka kuti ulibe njira yomveka bwino. Kupambana pambuyo pa kupambana kumatha kuchitika, maubwenzi amapitilirabe, ndipo ngakhale zosangalatsa zimapezeka kosatha, komabe pansi pa zonsezi pali lingaliro la "kupanda pake" komwe kuli kovuta... Werengani zambiri