Kupanda Ufulu ndi Kupanda Mphatso
Mu dziko lothamanga—lodzaza ndi chidziwitso, zofuna zokolola, ndi miyezo yosinthasintha ya chipambano—anthu ambiri amamva chinthu chachilendo: moyo umapitirira, koma ukuoneka kuti ulibe njira yomveka bwino. Kupambana pambuyo pa kupambana kumatha kuchitika, maubwenzi amapitilira, ngakhale zosangalatsa zimapezeka popanda malire, koma pansi pa zonsezi pali kumverera kwa "kupanda kanthu" komwe kumakhala kovuta kufotokoza. Kumva kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa kukhalapo kosatha. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimakumana ndi lingaliro lalikulu la filosofi: nihilism, lingaliro lakuti moyo ulibe tanthauzo lenileni.
Kumvetsetsa Nihilism: Kuposa Kungokhulupirira "Palibe Chilichonse"
Mwachidule, nihilism nthawi zambiri imamveka ngati malingaliro akuti "sakhulupirira kalikonse" kapena "kuganiza kuti chilichonse ndi chopanda pake." Komabe, mu malingaliro afilosofi, nihilism ili ndi gawo lalikulu komanso lovuta kwambiri. Mawuwa amatanthauza malingaliro osiyanasiyana omwe amakayikira kapena kukana maziko enieni a phindu, tanthauzo, chidziwitso, komanso zenizeni.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya nihilism yomwe nthawi zambiri imakambidwa:
1. Kupanda mphamvu kwa moyo: chikhulupiriro chakuti moyo ulibe tanthauzo, cholinga, kapena phindu lenileni.
2. Kukana makhalidwe abwino: lingaliro lakuti palibe choonadi chenicheni cha makhalidwe abwino; chabwino ndi choipa ndi zongopeka chabe.
3. Kukayikira kwakukulu kwa mfundo za epistemological: kukayikira kwakukulu kuti chidziwitso china chingapezeke.
4. Kupanda mphamvu kwa zinthu zauzimu: lingaliro loopsa lakuti “palibe” ndilo vuto lofunika kwambiri.
Mu moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, chisonkhezero chodziwika kwambiri ndi kukhalapo kwa zinthu zopanda moyo: pamene wina afunsa kuti “kodi cholinga cha zonsezi n’chiyani?” koma osapeza yankho lokwanira.
Kupanda Phindu: Chidziwitso Chenicheni cha Maganizo
Kupanda kanthu m'moyo si lingaliro losamveka bwino. Kungawonekere ngati zochitika zamaganizo ndi zamaganizo: kumva ngati wopanda kanthu, kutayika kwa chitsogozo, kusakhutira, kapena mafunso okhudza cholinga cha moyo. Munthu angawoneke ngati "wabwino" kunja, koma mkati mwake mumadzimva kuti mulibe tanthauzo.
Vutoli nthawi zambiri limachitika m'mikhalidwe ina, mwachitsanzo:
– Mukakwaniritsa cholinga chachikulu: kumaliza maphunziro, kukwezedwa pantchito, kapena kupambana pazachuma komwe sikukupatsani kumverera kwa "kukhuta".
- Pamene mukukumana ndi imfa: imfa ya wokondedwa wanu, kutha kwa banja, kapena kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa moyo komwe kumagwedeza makhalidwe akale.
- Mu chizolowezi cha nthawi yayitali: moyo umamveka ngati kuzungulira kopanda cholinga; masiku amapita koma umakhala wopanda tanthauzo.
– Munthu amene wadzizindikiritsa yekha kudzera mu ntchito, udindo wake pagulu, kapena udindo winawake mwadzidzidzi amataya umunthu wake.
Viktor Frankl, katswiri wa zamaganizo komanso wopulumuka msasa wozunzirako anthu wa chipani cha Nazi, anati chochitikachi ndi "malo opanda kanthu," malo opanda kanthu omwe amabuka anthu akataya tanthauzo ndi malingaliro awo. Iye anati anthu safunikira chisangalalo kapena mphamvu zokha, komanso chofunika kwambiri, tanthauzo.
Nietzsche ndi "Imfa ya Mulungu": Vuto la Masiku Ano la Tanthauzo
Mmodzi mwa anthu ofunikira kwambiri pankhani ya kukana Mulungu ndi Friedrich Nietzsche. Mawu ake otchuka akuti, "Mulungu wafa," sanali kuukira chipembedzo kokha, koma anali kufotokoza chikhalidwe: miyambo yakale yomwe kwa zaka mazana ambiri inali maziko a tanthauzo inayamba kutaya mphamvu zake m'chikhalidwe chamakono. Sayansi, nzeru, ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe zinali kugwedeza zikhulupiriro zakale. Pamene maziko akale ankagwa, anthu anakumana ndi vuto: ngati panalibe tanthauzo lenileni kuchokera kunja, kodi tanthauzo la moyo likanachokera kuti?
Mu dongosolo ili, kukana kukhala ndi moyo wosatha kungawonekere ngati gawo losintha. Pamene makhalidwe akale atha, tinganene kuti "palibe chomwe chili chofunika." Koma kwa Nietzsche, vuto lenileni ndi momwe anthu angapangire makhalidwe atsopano—m'malo mogonjera ku chinthu chopanda pake.
Kupanda Kudzipereka ndi Kupanda Kudzipereka
Si mayankho onse ku nihilism omwe ali ofanana. Mwachidule, amatha kusiyanitsidwa:
– Kupanda chidwi: khalidwe lodzipatula, losasamala, lokayikira, kapena lodzipatula. Moyo umakhala moyo wosavuta, wopanda chikhumbo chofuna kumanga.
– Kukana kuchita zinthu mopanda cholinga: khalidwe loyang'anizana ndi kusakhala ndi tanthauzo lenileni ngati mwayi wodzipangira tanthauzo. Uku si kukana malingaliro, koma kulimba mtima kopanga njira yatsopano.
Kunena zoona, anthu ambiri amagwera pakati. Pali nthawi zina pamene kusowa chochita kumalamulira, komanso palinso nthawi zina pamene munthu amakakamizidwa kusintha moyo wake ndikukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino.
Kusowa kwa Zinthu mu Nthawi Yogwiritsa Ntchito Zinthu Mosavuta ndi Malo Ochezera a Pa Intaneti
Masiku ano, kukhala wopanda pake nthawi zambiri kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha ogula. Malonda ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti amalimbikitsa mwachisawawa lingaliro lakuti chimwemwe chingagulidwe, kuti kudziwika kungapangidwe kudzera mu zinthu zomwe munthu ali nazo, ndi kuti kudziona kuti ndi wofunika kumadalira kudziwika ndi anthu. Zotsatira zake, munthu akhoza kukodwa mu kufunafuna ndalama zambiri, kuchita zambiri, ndi kutsimikiziridwa kwambiri. Mwatsoka, kukhutira koteroko nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakanthawi.
Pamene kukhutira nthawi yomweyo kumakhala njira yoyamba yopulumukira, kusowa chochita kungakhale kolimba kwambiri. Sikuti zosangalatsa n’zolakwika, koma kuti zosangalatsa zosalekeza zimatha kubisa funso lofunika kwambiri: n’chiyani chomwe chili chofunika kwambiri m’miyoyo yathu?
Kodi Nihilism Ndi Yoipa Nthawi Zonse?
Kusakhulupirira Mulungu nthawi zambiri kumaonedwa ngati koopsa chifukwa kumaopseza chitetezo cha munthu. Komabe, mpaka pamlingo wina, kungakhale nthawi yoti munthu anene zoona. Munthu akazindikira kuti zinthu zambiri zomwe wakhala akutsatira sizili ndi tanthauzo kwa iye, zimatha kusintha. Kupanda kanthu kumatha kugwira ntchito ngati "malo omveka bwino" omwe amalola china chatsopano kukula.
Vuto si ngati moyo uli ndi tanthauzo lenileni, koma momwe timayankhira pa kusatsimikizika kumeneko. Ngati tanthauzo siliperekedwa kuchokera kunja, lingapangidwe kuchokera mkati: kudzera mu kudzipereka, udindo, ndi zochita zosankhidwa mwadala.
Tanthauzo la Kupanga: Kuchokera ku Zopanda kanthu mpaka ku Zomveka bwino
Kukumana ndi kusowa chochita sikutanthauza mayankho akuluakulu nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri, tanthauzo limapangidwa kudzera mu njira zenizeni:
1. Vomerezani kuti ndinu wopanda pake popanda kudziweruza nokha
Kudzimva wopanda pake si chizindikiro cha kufooka kwa makhalidwe abwino. Kungakhale chizindikiro chakuti moyo wanu uyenera kusinthidwa.
2. Unikani mfundo ndi zolinga zanu
Kodi mumaona kuti ndi chiyani pamene palibe amene akukuonani? Makhalidwe abwino monga kuona mtima, kusamalira ena, luso lopanga zinthu zatsopano, kapena ufulu wanu akhoza kukhala ngati kampasi.
3. Kumanga ubale weniweni
Anthu ambiri amapeza tanthauzo kudzera mu maubwenzi: ubwenzi, banja, anthu ammudzi. Osati maubwenzi chifukwa cha udindo, koma maubwenzi omwe amapereka mpata wokhala iwo eni.
4. Pangani ntchito kapena zopereka
Tanthauzo nthawi zambiri limabwera munthu akamamva kuti ndi wothandiza—osati mwaulemu, koma mwa zochita zazing'ono komanso zogwirizana.
5. Landirani zolepheretsa ndi zosatsimikizika
Moyo suyenera kukhala wotsimikizika kuti ukhale ndi moyo wabwino. Nthawi zina, tanthauzo limachokera ku kulimba mtima kuti upite patsogolo ngakhale zinthu sizikumveka bwino.
Kutsiliza: Kupanda kanthu monga chiitano cha kukhala ndi moyo wodziwa zambiri
Kupanda chikhulupiriro ndi kusowa chochita ndi mbali ya zomwe anthu amakumana nazo, makamaka mu nthawi imene maziko ambiri achikhalidwe akukayikiridwa. Kumva ngati wopanda chochita kumeneku kumatha kuoneka koopsa, komanso kungakhale kuyitanira kukhala ndi moyo wodziwa bwino: kuwunikanso zolinga, kuganiziranso za makhalidwe abwino, ndikusankha moyo weniweni.
Mukafunsidwa funso lakuti “tanthauzo la moyo ndi chiyani?” sipangakhale yankho la aliyense lomwe limagwira ntchito kwa aliyense. Koma pamenepo ndi pomwe ufulu uli: anthu samangopeza tanthauzo, komanso amalimanga—kudzera mu zisankho zathu, zomwe timachita, komanso momwe timakhalira padziko lapansi. Ngati kukana Mulungu kumati “palibe tanthauzo lenileni,” yankho la munthu wokhwima si kutaya mtima, koma kulimba mtima kunena kuti: “Chabwino, ndipanga tanthauzo langa.”
