Zitsanzo 9 za Mafunso Okhudza Dera la Magetsi Molunjika
1. Yang'anani chithunzi cha kapangidwe ka resistor pansipa! Kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera pa R 1 ndi…
A. 2,0 Ampere
B. 2,5 Ampere
C. 4,0 Ampere
D. 4,5 Ampere
E. 5,0 Ampere
Zokambirana
Ndizodziwika kuti :
Wotsutsa 1 (R)1) = 4 Ω
Wotsutsa 2 (R)2) = 4 Ω
Wotsutsa 3 (R)3) = 8 Ω
Mphamvu yamagetsi (V) = 40 Volts
Anafunsa : Mphamvu kudzera pa R1
Yankhani :
Mphamvu yamagetsi imayenda kuchokera ku mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yochepa. Njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi mu dera lomwe lili pamwambapa ndi yofanana ndi njira ya manja a wotchi.
Mphamvu yamagetsi ikutuluka mu batire
Choyamba werengani choletsa chosinthira (R). Pambuyo pake, werengani mphamvu yamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito fomula Lamulo la Ohm :
V = IR kapena Ine = V / R
Kufotokozera kwa fomula: V = voltage, I = current, R = resistor yosinthira
Choletsa cholowa m'malo:
Hitung wotsutsa kusintha kwa dera lomwe lili pamwambapa.
Wotsutsa R1 ndi chotsutsa R2 Yokonzedwa motsatizana. Chotsukira cholowa m'malo ndi:
1 / R12 = 1/R1 + 1/R2 = 1/4 + 1/4 = 2/4
R12 = 4/2 = 2 Ω
Wotsutsa R12 ndi chotsutsa R3 Yokonzedwa motsatizana. Chotsukira cholowa m'malo ndi:
R= R12 +R3 = 2 + 8 = 10 Ω
Mphamvu yamagetsi ikutuluka mu batire :
I = V / R = 40 / 10 = 4 Ampere
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatuluka mu batire ndi 4 Amperes.
Magetsi amagetsi Vab ndi Vbc
Lamulo Loyamba la Kirchhoff amanena kuti kuchuluka kwa magetsi olowa mu nthambi ndi kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi otuluka mu nthambi imeneyo. Kutengera lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff, zatsimikiziridwa kuti ngati magetsi otuluka mu batire ndi 4 Amperes, ndiye kuti magetsi odutsa mu ab ndi ofanana ndi 4 Amperes, momwemonso magetsi odutsa mu bc ndi 4 Amperes.
Magetsi amagetsi Vab :
Vab = Ineab Rab = (4)(2) = 8 Ma Volti
Magetsi amagetsi Vbc :
Vbc = Inebc Rbc = (4)(8) = 32 Ma Volti
Dera lomwe lili pamwambapa lakonzedwa motsatizana kotero kuti magetsi onse amagetsi ndi V = Vab +Vbc = 8 Ma Volti + 32 Ma Volti = 40 Ma Volti.
Mphamvu yamagetsi ikuyenda kudzera mu R1 = 4 Ω
I1 =Vab / R1 = 8 Volts / 4 Ohms = 2 Amps
I2 =Vab / R2 = 8 Volts / 4 Ohms = 2 Amps
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imachokera mu batire ndi ma Ampere anayi. Ikafika pamalo a, mphamvu yamagetsi imagawika pawiri, ndipo ma Ampere 2 amayenda kudzera mu resistor R.1 ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi ya 2 Amperes imayenda kudzera mu resistor R2. 2 Ampere + 2 Ampere = 4 Ampere. Izi zikugwirizana ndi lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff.
Yankho lolondola ndi A.
2. Taganizirani za magetsi otsatirawa. Kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda kudzera mu resistor ya 4 Ω ndi…
A. 1,0 A
B. 1,2 A
C. 1,6 A
D. 2,4 A
E. 3,2 A
Zokambirana
Ndizodziwika kuti :
Wotsutsa 1 (R)1) = 6 Ω
Wotsutsa 2 (R)2) = 4 Ω
Wotsutsa 3 (R)3) = 1,6 Ω
Mphamvu yamagetsi (V) = 16 Volts
Anafunsa : Mphamvu yamagetsi ikuyenda kudzera mu resistor ya 4 Ω
Yankhani :
Mphamvu yamagetsi imayenda kuchokera ku mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yochepa. Njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi mu dera lomwe lili pamwambapa ndi yofanana ndi njira ya manja a wotchi.
Mphamvu yamagetsi ikutuluka mu batire
Choletsa cholowa m'malo:
Wotsutsa R1 ndi chotsutsa R2 Yokonzedwa motsatizana. Chotsukira cholowa m'malo ndi:
1 / R12 = 1/R1 + 1/R2 = 1/6 + 1/4 = 2/12 + 3/12 = 5/12
R12 = 12/5 = 2,4 Ω
Wotsutsa R12 ndi chotsutsa R3 Yokonzedwa motsatizana. Chotsukira cholowa m'malo ndi:
R= R12 +R3 = 2,4 + 1,6 = 4 Ω
Mphamvu yamagetsi ikutuluka mu batire :
I = V / R = 16 / 4 = 4 Ampere
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatuluka mu batire ndi 4 Amperes.
Magetsi amagetsi Vab ndi Vbc
Kutengera lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff, zatsimikiziridwa kuti ngati magetsi otuluka mu batire ndi 4 Amperes, ndiye kuti magetsi odutsa mu ab ndi ofanana ndi 4 Amperes, momwemonso magetsi odutsa mu bc ndi 4 Amperes.
Magetsi amagetsi Vab :
Vab = Ineab Rab = (4)(2,4) = 9,6 Ma Volti
Magetsi amagetsi Vbc :
Vbc = Inebc Rbc = (4)(1,6) = 6,4 Ma Volti
Dera lomwe lili pamwambapa lakonzedwa motsatizana kotero kuti magetsi onse amagetsi ndi V = Vab +Vbc = 9,6 Ma Volti + 6,4 Ma Volti = 16 Ma Volti.
Mphamvu yamagetsi ikuyenda kudzera mu R2 = 4 Ω
I1 =Vab / R1 = 9,6 Volts / 6 Ohms = 1,6 Amps
I2 =Vab / R2 = 9,6 Volts / 4 Ohms = 2,4 Amps
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imachokera mu batire ndi ma Ampere anayi. Ikafika pamalo a, mphamvu yamagetsi imagawika pawiri, ndipo ma Ampere 1,6 amayenda kudzera mu resistor R.1 ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi ya 2,4 Amperes imayenda kudzera mu resistor R2. 1,6 Ampere + 2,4 Ampere = 4 Ampere. Izi zikugwirizana ndi lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff.
Yankho lolondola ndi D.
3. 
Samalani ndi magetsi otsatirawa!
Ngati chotsutsa cha 5 Ohm mu dera lamagetsi chasinthidwa ndi chotsutsa cha 7 Ohm, ndiye kuti chiŵerengero cha mphamvu yonse yomwe ikuyenda mu dera lamagetsi isanayambe komanso itatha kusintha ndi...
Zokambirana
Chotsutsa cha 6 Ohm ndi chotsutsa cha 6 Ohm zimalumikizidwa pamodzi. Zotsutsa zofanana ndi izi:
1/R AB = 1/6 + 1/6 = 2/6
R AB = 6/2 = 3 Ohm
Ikani lamulo lachiwiri la Kirchhoff pa dera, ngati kukana = 5 Ohm:
Sankhani njira yapano motsatira wotchi.
12 – 5I – 4 – 3I = 0
12 – 4 – 5I – 3I = 0
8 – 8I = 0
8 = 8I
Ine = 8/8
I = 1 Ampere
I yalembedwa kuti ndi yabwino, kutanthauza kuti njira ya magetsi ikuyendera malinga ndi kusankha, kutanthauza kuti motsatira wotchi.
Ikani lamulo lachiwiri la Kirchhoff pa dera, ngati kukana = 7 Ohm:
Sankhani njira yapano motsatira wotchi.
12 – 7I – 4 – 3I = 0
12 – 4 – 7I – 3I = 0
8 – 10I = 0
8 = 10I
Ine = 8/10
I = 0,8 Ampere
I yalembedwa kuti ndi yabwino, kutanthauza kuti njira ya magetsi ikuyendera malinga ndi kusankha, kutanthauza kuti motsatira wotchi.
Kuyerekeza kwa magetsi amagetsi asanayambe ndi pambuyo pake:
1: 0,8
10: 8
5: 4
4. Samalani ndi magetsi otsatirawa!
Mphamvu ya chotsutsa cha 6 Ω ndi…
A. 1,5 Watts
B. 3,0 Watts
C. 6,0 Watts
D. 9,0 Watt
E. 18,0 Watts
Zokambirana
Fomula yamagetsi:
P = I 2 R
Musanawerenge mphamvu yamagetsi, choyamba werengani mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imadutsa mu resistor ya 6 Ω pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Kirchhoff.
Njira yapano yasankhidwa monga momwe chithunzi chili m'mbali chikusonyezera. 
Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff:
Ine 1 + Ine 2 = Ine 3 ………. Chiyerekezo 1
Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo lachiwiri la Kirchhoff pa I 1 :
6 – 12 Ine 1 – 6 Ine 3 = 0
-12 I 1 = 6 I 3 – 6
I 1 = (6 I 3 – 6) / -12 ………. Chiyerekezo 2
Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo lachiwiri la Kirchhoff pa I 2 :
6 – 12 Ine 2 – 6 Ine 3 = 0
– 12 Ine 2 = 6 Ine 3 – 6
I 2 = (6 I 3 – 6) / – 12 ………. Chiyerekezo 3
Sinthani equation 2 ndi equation 3 kukhala equation 1 :
I 3 ili ndi chizindikiro chabwino, kutanthauza kuti njira ya I 3 ikugwirizana ndi njira yosankhidwa, monga momwe zilili pachithunzi pamwambapa.
Gwiritsani ntchito equation 2 kuti muwerengere I 1 :
Ine 1 = (6 Ine 3 – 6) / -12
Ine 1 = (6.0,5 – 6) / -12
Ine 1 = (3 – 6) / -12
Ine 1 = -3 / -12
I 1 = 1/4 A
I 1 ili ndi chizindikiro chabwino, kutanthauza kuti njira ya I 1 ikugwirizana ndi njira yosankhidwa, monga momwe zilili pachithunzi pamwambapa.
Gwiritsani ntchito equation 3 kuti muwerengere I 2 :
Ine 2 = (6 Ine 3 – 6) / – 12
Ine 2 = (6.0,5 – 6) / -12
Ine 2 = (3 – 6) / -12
Ine 2 = -3 / -12
I 2 = 1/4 A
I 2 ili ndi chizindikiro chabwino, kutanthauza kuti njira ya I 1 ikugwirizana ndi njira yosankhidwa, monga momwe zilili pachithunzi pamwambapa.
Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff kuti mutsimikizire kulondola kwa zotsatira zomwe mwapeza:
Ine 1 + Ine 2 = Ine 3
1/4 + 1/4 = 1/2
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imadutsa mu 6 Ω resistance ndi I 3 = 1/2 Ampere.
Mphamvu yamagetsi pa kukana kwa 6 Ω ndi P = I 2 R = (1/2) 2 (6) = 1/4 (6) = 1,5 Watt
Yankho lolondola ndi A.
5. Mu chithunzi cha magetsi chomwe chili m'mbali, kukula kwa kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa resistor R 3 ndi…
A. 0,5 V
B. 0,6 V
C. 0,9 V
D. 1,0 V
E. 1,3 V
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Kukana 1 (R1 ) = 2 Ω
Kukana 2 (R2 ) = 4 Ω
Kukana 3 (R3 ) = 3 Ω
Gwero la emf 1 (E 1 ) = 6 Volts
Gwero la emf 2 (E 2 ) = 9 Volts
Funso: Kusiyana kwa mphamvu zamagetsi pa resistor R 3
Yankho:
Werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi (I) yomwe ikuyenda kudzera mu resistor R 3
Choyamba werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera:
Pothetsa vutoli, njira ya magetsi imasankhidwa kuti igwirizane ndi wotchi.
E 1 – IR 1 – E 2 – IR 2 – IR 3 = 0
6 - 2I - 9 - 4I - 3I = 0
6 – 9 – 2I – 4I – 3I = 0
-3 – 9I = 0
-3 = 9I
Ine = -3/9
Ine = -1/3
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera ndi 1/3 Ampere. Mphamvu yamagetsi yoipa imasonyeza kuti njira yamagetsiyi ndi yotsutsana ndi wotchi, osati monga momwe amayembekezera.
Derali limakonzedwa motsatizana kotero kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu derali = mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu kukana R 3 = 1/3 Ampere.
Werengerani kusiyana komwe kungatheke (V) pakati pa resistor R 3
V = IR 3 = (1/3)(3) = 1 Volt
Yankho lolondola ndi D.
6. Yang'anani chithunzi cha netiweki pansipa!
Kotero kuti mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa mfundo C ndi D ikhale yofanana ndi ma volts 4, mtengo wa R ndi...
A. 1 Ohm
B. 2 Ohms
C. 4 Ohms
D. 8 Ohm
E. 10 Ohm
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Kukana 1 (R1 ) = 2 Ω
Kukana 2 (R2 ) = 2 Ω
Kukana 3 (R3 ) = R
Gwero la emf 1 (E 1 ) = 8 Volts
Gwero la emf 2 (E 2 ) = 4 Volts
Kusiyana kwa mphamvu zamagetsi pakati pa mfundo C ndi D (V CD ) = 4 Volts
Funso: Mtengo wa kukana R
Yankho:
Werengani mtengo wotsutsa R
CD ya V = IR
4 = IR
R = 4 / I
Kupitilira…..
Werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi (I) yomwe ikuyenda kudzera mu resistor R
Pothetsa vutoli, njira ya magetsi imasankhidwa kuti igwirizane ndi wotchi.
E 1 – 2I + E 2 – 2I – IR = 0
8 – 2I + 4 – 2I – Ine (4/I) = 0
8 – 2I + 4 – 2I – 4 = 0
8 + 4 – 4 – 2I – 2I = 0
– 8 – 4I = 0
– 8 = 4I
Ine = -8 / 4
I = -2 Ampere
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera ndi ma Ampere awiri. Mphamvu yoipa imasonyeza kuti njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yotsutsana ndi wotchi, osati monga momwe amayembekezera.
Derali limakonzedwa motsatizana kotero kuti magetsi oyenda mu derali = magetsi oyenda mu resistance R = 2 Amperes.
Mtengo wotsutsa R
Pitirizani…..
R = 4 / Ine = 4 / 2 = 2 Ohm
Yankho lolondola ndi B.
7. Yang'anani chithunzi chotsatira cha magetsi! Kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yolumikizira pa resistor R ndi…
A. 20 Volt
B. 8 Volt
C. 5 Volt
D. 4 Volt
E. 2 Volt
Zokambirana
EMF (E) = kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa gwero la magetsi amagetsi asanayambe kuyenda kwa magetsi
Voliyumu ya clamp (V) = kusiyana komwe kungachitike pakati pa gwero la voliyumu yamagetsi pambuyo pa kuyenda kwa magetsi
Amadziwika kuti:
Kukana 1 (R1 ) = 2 Ω
Kukana 2 (R2 ) = 4 Ω
Kukana 3 (R3 ) = 4 Ω
Gwero la emf 1 (E 1 ) = 20 Volts
Gwero la emf 2 (E 2 ) = 15 Volts
Funso: Kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yolumikizira pa resistor R (V)
Yankho:
Werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera (I)
Vutoli likugwirizana ndi lamulo la Kirchhooff. Njira ndi momwe mungathetsere vutoli:
Choyamba , sankhani komwe mukufuna kupita. Mutha kusankha motsatira njira yotsutsana ndi wotchi kapena motsatira wotchi.
Chachiwiri , pamene mphamvu yamagetsi imadutsa mu resistor kapena resistor (R), mphamvu yamagetsi imachepa kotero kuti V = IR imakhala yoipa.
Chachitatu , ngati mphamvu yamagetsi isuntha kuchoka pa mphamvu yotsika kupita ku mphamvu yayikulu (- mpaka +) ndiye kuti gwero la emf (E) limakhala ndi chizindikiro chabwino chifukwa pali kudzaza kwa mphamvu mu gwero la emf. Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi isuntha kuchoka pa mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yotsika (+ mpaka -) ndiye kuti gwero la emf (E) limakhala ndi chizindikiro choipa chifukwa pali kutuluka kwa mphamvu mu gwero la emf.
Pothetsa vutoli, njira ya magetsi imasankhidwa kuti igwirizane ndi wotchi.
E 1 – IR 1 – IR 2 – IR 3 – E 2 = 0
20 – Ine(2) – Ine(4) – Ine(4) – 15 = 0
20 – 15 – Ine (2) – Ine (4) – Ine (4) = 0
5 – 10 I = 0
5 = 10 I
Ine = 5/10
I = 0,5 Ampere
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera ndi 0,5 Amperes. Mphamvu yabwino imasonyeza kuti njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi ili motsatira momwe ikuyembekezeredwa, motsatira wotchi.
Werengerani kukana kofanana (R)
Chotsutsa 1 ( R1 ) , chotsutsa 2 ( R2 ) ndi chotsutsa 3 (R3 ) zimalumikizidwa motsatizana. Zotsutsa zosinthira:
R = R 1 + R 2 + R 3 = 2 Ω + 4 Ω + 4 Ω = 10 Ω
Mphamvu yamagetsi yolumikizira pa resistor R (V)
V = IR = (0,5)(10) = 5 Volts
Njira yachangu:
Mphamvu ya clamping imatha kudziwika mwachindunji motere:
V = E 1 – E 2 = 20 – 15 = 5 Volts
Yankho lolondola ndi C.
8. Yang'anani chithunzi chotsatira cha magetsi! Kutaya mphamvu pa chotsutsa cha 3Ω ndi…
A. 4 Watts
B. 8 Watts
C. 12 Watts
D. 16 Watt
E. 20 Watts
Zokambirana
Mphamvu yotaya = mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito
Amadziwika kuti:
Kukana 1 (R1 ) = 2 Ω
Kukana 2 (R2 ) = 3 Ω
Kukana 3 (R3 ) = 4 Ω
Gwero la emf 1 (E 1 ) = 8 Volts
Gwero la emf 2 (E 2 ) = 10 Volts
Funso: Kutaya mphamvu pa chotsutsa cha 3Ω
Yankho:
Mphamvu yotaya madzi
Mphamvu yotaya imawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula iyi:
P = VI
Kufotokozera: P = mphamvu, V = kusiyana komwe kungatheke kumapeto onse a chotsutsa cha 3 Ω , I = mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda kudzera mu chotsutsa cha 3 Ω.
Werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi (I) yomwe ikuyenda kudzera mu chotsutsa cha 3 Ω
Choyamba werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera:
Pothetsa vutoli, njira ya magetsi imasankhidwa kuti igwirizane ndi wotchi.
E 1 – IR 1 – IR 2 – IR 3 + E 2 = 0
8 – Ine(2) – Ine(3) – Ine(4) + 10 = 0
18 – 9 I = 0
18 = 9 I
Ine = 18/9
I = 2 Ampere
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera ndi 2 Amperes. Mphamvu yabwino imasonyeza kuti njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi ili motsatira momwe ikuyembekezeredwa, motsatira wotchi.
Derali limakonzedwa motsatizana kotero kuti magetsi oyenda mu derali = magetsi oyenda mu 3 Ω resistance = 2 Amperes.
Werengerani kusiyana komwe kungatheke (V) kudutsa chotsutsa cha 3 Ω
V = IR 2 = (2 A) (3 Ω) = 6 Volts
Werengani kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimatuluka pa resistor ya 3Ω
P = VI = (6 Volt) (2 Ampere) = 12 Volt Ampere = 12 Watt
Yankho lolondola ndi C.
9. Yang'anani chithunzi chotsatira cha magetsi! Kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa mfundo A ndi B ndi…
A. 1,5 volt
B. 3,0 volts
C. 6,0 volts
D. 7,5 volts
Ma volti 9,0 E.
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Kukana 1 (R1 ) = 2 Ω
Kukana 2 (R2 ) = 3 Ω
Kukana 3 (R3 ) = 4 Ω
Gwero la emf 1 (E 1 ) = 8 Volts
Gwero la emf 2 (E 2 ) = 10 Volts
Funso: Kusiyana komwe kungatheke (V) pakati pa mfundo A ndi B
Yankho:
Werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi (I) yomwe ikuyenda kudzera mu chotsutsa cha 3 Ω
Choyamba werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera:
Pothetsa vutoli, njira ya magetsi imasankhidwa kuti igwirizane ndi wotchi.
– E 1 – IR 1 – IR 2 – E 2 – IR 3 = 0
– 8 – Ine (2) – Ine (3) – 10 – Ine (4) = 0
– 18 – 9 I = 0
– 18 = 9 I
Ine = -18 / 9
Ine = – 2 Ampere
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera ndi ma Ampere awiri. Mphamvu yoipa imasonyeza kuti njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yotsutsana ndi wotchi, osati monga momwe amayembekezera.
Derali limakonzedwa motsatizana kotero kuti magetsi oyenda mu derali = magetsi oyenda mu 3 Ω resistance = 2 Amperes.
Werengerani kusiyana komwe kungatheke (V) kudutsa chotsutsa cha 3 Ω
V = IR 2 = (2 A) (3 Ω) = 6 Volts
Yankho lolondola ndi C.
Gwero la Mafunso:
Mafunso a National Examination Physics a Senior High School/Vocational High School
