Chitsanzo cha Circuit ya Magetsi Yolunjika

Zitsanzo 9 za Mafunso Okhudza Dera la Magetsi Molunjika

1. Onani chithunzi cha kapangidwe ka ma resistors omwe ali pansipa! mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera pa R₁ ndi…

A. 2,0 Ampere
B. 2,5 Ampere
C. 4,0 Ampere
D. 4,5 Ampere
E. 5,0 Ampere

Zokambirana
Ndizodziwika kuti :
Wotsutsa 1 (R)₁) = 4 Ω
Wotsutsa 2 (R)₂) = 4 Ω
Wotsutsa 3 (R)₃) = 8 Ω
Mphamvu yamagetsi (V) = 40 Volts
Anafunsa : Mphamvu kudzera pa R₁
Yankhani :

Mphamvu yamagetsi imayenda kuchokera ku mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yochepa. Njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi mu dera lomwe lili pamwambapa ndi yofanana ndi njira ya manja a wotchi.

Mphamvu yamagetsi ikutuluka mu batire
Choyamba werengani choletsa chosinthira (R). Pambuyo pake, werengani mphamvu yamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito fomula Lamulo la Ohm :
V = IR kapena Ine = V / R
Kufotokozera kwa fomula: V = voltage, I = current, R = resistor yosinthira
Choletsa cholowa m'malo:
Hitung wotsutsa kusintha kwa dera lomwe lili pamwambapa.
Wotsutsa R₁ ndi chotsutsa R₂ Yokonzedwa motsatizana. Chotsukira cholowa m'malo ndi:
1 / R₁₂ = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ = 1/4 + 1/4 = 2/4
R₁₂ = 4/2 = 2 Ω
Wotsutsa R₁₂ ndi chotsutsa R₃ Yokonzedwa motsatizana. Chotsukira cholowa m'malo ndi:
R= R₁₂ +R₃ = 2 + 8 = 10 Ω
Mphamvu yamagetsi ikutuluka mu batire :
I = V / R = 40 / 10 = 4 Ampere
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatuluka mu batire ndi 4 Amperes.

Magetsi amagetsi V_ab ndi V_bc
Lamulo Loyamba la Kirchhoff amanena kuti kuchuluka kwa magetsi olowa mu nthambi ndi kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi otuluka mu nthambi imeneyo. Kutengera lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff, zatsimikiziridwa kuti ngati magetsi otuluka mu batire ndi 4 Amperes, ndiye kuti magetsi odutsa mu ab ndi ofanana ndi 4 Amperes, momwemonso magetsi odutsa mu bc ndi 4 Amperes.
Magetsi amagetsi V_ab :
V_ab = Ine_ab R_ab = (4)(2) = 8 Ma Volti
Magetsi amagetsi V_bc :
V_bc = Ine_bc R_bc = (4)(8) = 32 Ma Volti
Dera lomwe lili pamwambapa lakonzedwa motsatizana kotero kuti magetsi onse amagetsi ndi V = V_ab +V_bc = 8 Ma Volti + 32 Ma Volti = 40 Ma Volti.
Mphamvu yamagetsi ikuyenda kudzera mu R₁ = 4 Ω
I₁ =V_ab / R₁ = 8 Volts / 4 Ohms = 2 Amps
I₂ =V_ab / R₂ = 8 Volts / 4 Ohms = 2 Amps
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imachokera mu batire ndi ma Ampere anayi. Ikafika pamalo a, mphamvu yamagetsi imagawika pawiri, ndipo ma Ampere 2 amayenda kudzera mu resistor R.₁ ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi ya 2 Amperes imayenda kudzera mu resistor R₂. 2 Ampere + 2 Ampere = 4 Ampere. Izi zikugwirizana ndi lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff.
Yankho lolondola ndi A.

2. Taganizirani za magetsi otsatirawa. Kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda kudzera mu resistor ya 4 Ω ndi…
A. 1,0 A
B. 1,2 A
C. 1,6 A
D. 2,4 A
E. 3,2 A
Zokambirana
Ndizodziwika kuti :
Wotsutsa 1 (R)₁) = 6 Ω
Wotsutsa 2 (R)₂) = 4 Ω
Wotsutsa 3 (R)₃) = 1,6 Ω
Mphamvu yamagetsi (V) = 16 Volts
Anafunsa : Mphamvu yamagetsi ikuyenda kudzera mu resistor ya 4 Ω
Yankhani :
Mphamvu yamagetsi imayenda kuchokera ku mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yochepa. Njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi mu dera lomwe lili pamwambapa ndi yofanana ndi njira ya manja a wotchi.
Mphamvu yamagetsi ikutuluka mu batire
Choletsa cholowa m'malo:
Wotsutsa R₁ ndi chotsutsa R₂ Yokonzedwa motsatizana. Chotsukira cholowa m'malo ndi:
1 / R₁₂ = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ = 1/6 + 1/4 = 2/12 + 3/12 = 5/12
R₁₂ = 12/5 = 2,4 Ω
Wotsutsa R₁₂ ndi chotsutsa R₃ Yokonzedwa motsatizana. Chotsukira cholowa m'malo ndi:
R= R₁₂ +R₃ = 2,4 + 1,6 = 4 Ω
Mphamvu yamagetsi ikutuluka mu batire :
I = V / R = 16 / 4 = 4 Ampere
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatuluka mu batire ndi 4 Amperes.

Magetsi amagetsi V_ab ndi V_bc
Kutengera lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff, zatsimikiziridwa kuti ngati magetsi otuluka mu batire ndi 4 Amperes, ndiye kuti magetsi odutsa mu ab ndi ofanana ndi 4 Amperes, momwemonso magetsi odutsa mu bc ndi 4 Amperes.
Magetsi amagetsi V_ab :
V_ab = Ine_ab R_ab = (4)(2,4) = 9,6 Ma Volti
Magetsi amagetsi V_bc :
V_bc = Ine_bc R_bc = (4)(1,6) = 6,4 Ma Volti
Dera lomwe lili pamwambapa lakonzedwa motsatizana kotero kuti magetsi onse amagetsi ndi V = V_ab +V_bc = 9,6 Ma Volti + 6,4 Ma Volti = 16 Ma Volti.
Mphamvu yamagetsi ikuyenda kudzera mu R₂ = 4 Ω
I₁ =V_ab / R₁ = 9,6 Volts / 6 Ohms = 1,6 Amps
I₂ =V_ab / R₂ = 9,6 Volts / 4 Ohms = 2,4 Amps
Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imachokera mu batire ndi ma Ampere anayi. Ikafika pamalo a, mphamvu yamagetsi imagawika pawiri, ndipo ma Ampere 1,6 amayenda kudzera mu resistor R.₁ ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi ya 2,4 Amperes imayenda kudzera mu resistor R₂. 1,6 Ampere + 2,4 Ampere = 4 Ampere. Izi zikugwirizana ndi lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff.
Yankho lolondola ndi D.

3. Samalani ndi magetsi otsatirawa!

Ngati chotsutsa cha 5 Ohm mu dera lamagetsi chasinthidwa ndi chotsutsa cha 7 Ohm, ndiye kuti chiŵerengero cha mphamvu yonse yomwe ikuyenda mu dera lamagetsi isanayambe komanso itatha kusintha ndi...

Zokambirana

Chotsutsa cha 6 Ohm ndi chotsutsa cha 6 Ohm zimalumikizidwa pamodzi. Zotsutsa zofanana ndi izi:

1 / R_AB = 1/6 + 1/6 = 2/6

R_AB = 6/2 = 3 Ohms

Ikani lamulo lachiwiri la Kirchhoff pa dera, ngati kukana = 5 Ohm:

Sankhani njira yapano motsatira wotchi.

12 – 5I – 4 – 3I = 0

12 – 4 – 5I – 3I = 0

8 – 8I = 0

8 = 8I

Ine = 8/8

I = 1 Ampere

I yalembedwa kuti ndi yabwino, kutanthauza kuti njira ya magetsi ikuyendera malinga ndi kusankha, kutanthauza kuti motsatira wotchi.

Ikani lamulo lachiwiri la Kirchhoff pa dera, ngati kukana = 7 Ohm:

Sankhani njira yapano motsatira wotchi.

12 – 7I – 4 – 3I = 0

12 – 4 – 7I – 3I = 0

8 – 10I = 0

8 = 10I

Ine = 8/10

I = 0,8 Ampere

I yalembedwa kuti ndi yabwino, kutanthauza kuti njira ya magetsi ikuyendera malinga ndi kusankha, kutanthauza kuti motsatira wotchi.

Kuyerekeza kwa magetsi amagetsi asanayambe ndi pambuyo pake:

1: 0,8

10: 8

5: 4

4. Samalani ndi magetsi otsatirawa!

Kukula kwa mphamvu pa resistor 6 Ω ndi…

A. 1,5 Watts

B. 3,0 Watts

C. 6,0 Watts

D. 9,0 Watt

E. 18,0 Watts

Zokambirana

Fomula yamagetsi:

P = Ine² R

Musanawerenge mphamvu yamagetsi, choyamba werengani mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imadutsa mu resistance 6. Ω amagwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Kirchhoff.

Njira yapano yasankhidwa monga momwe chithunzi chili m'mbali chikusonyezera.

Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff:

I₁ + I₂ = Ine₃ .......... Chiyerekezo 1

Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo lachiwiri la Kirchhoff pa I₁ :

6 – 12 I₁ – 6 I₃ = 0

-12 I₁ = 6 I₃ - 6

I₁ = (6 I₃ – 6) / -12 ………. Chiyerekezo 2

Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo lachiwiri la Kirchhoff pa I₂ :

6 – 12 I₂ – 6 I₃ = 0

-12 Ine₂ = 6 I₃ - 6

I₂ = (6 I₃ – 6) / -12 ………. Chiyerekezo 3

Wolowa m'malo equation 2 dani equation 3 ke equation 1:

I₃ chizindikiro chabwino chimatanthauza njira I₃ malinga ndi njira yosankhidwa, monga momwe zilili pachithunzi pamwambapa.

Gwiritsani ntchito equation 2 kuwerengera I₁:

I₁ = (6 I₃ – 6) / -12

I₁ = (6.0,5 – 6) / -12

I₁ = (3 – 6) / -12

I₁ = -3 / -12

I₁ = 1/4 A

I₁ chizindikiro chabwino chimatanthauza njira I₁ malinga ndi njira yosankhidwa, monga momwe zilili pachithunzi pamwambapa.

Gwiritsani ntchito equation 3 kuwerengera I₂:

I₂ = (6 I₃ – 6) / -12

I₂ = (6.0,5 – 6) / -12

I₂ = (3 – 6) / -12

I₂ = -3 / -12

I₂ = 1/4 A

I₂ chizindikiro chabwino chimatanthauza njira I₁ malinga ndi njira yosankhidwa, monga momwe zilili pachithunzi pamwambapa.

Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff kuti mutsimikizire kulondola kwa zotsatira zomwe mwapeza:

I₁ + I₂ = Ine₃

1/4 + 1/4 = 1/2

Mphamvu ya magetsi omwe amadutsa mu kukana 6 Ω kodi ndine₃ = 1/2 Ampere.

Mphamvu yamagetsi pa kukana 6 Ω ndi P = Ine² R = (1/2)² (6) = 1/4 (6) = 1,5 Watts

Yankho lolondola ndi A.

5. Mu chithunzi cha magetsi chomwe chili m'mbali, kukula kwa kusiyana kwa mphamvu zamagetsi pa resistor R ndi₃ ndi…

A. 0,5 V

B. 0,6 V

C. 0,9 V

D. 1,0 V

E. 1,3 V

Zokambirana

Amadziwika kuti:

Chotchinga 1 (R)₁= = 2 Ω

Chotchinga 2 (R)₂= = 4 Ω

Chotchinga 3 (R)₃= = 3 Ω

Gwero la emf 1 (E)₁) = 6 Volt

Gwero la emf 2 (E)₂) = 9 Volt

Anafunsa kuti: Kusiyana kwa mphamvu zamagetsi pa resistor R₃

Yankho:

Werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi (I) yomwe ikuyenda kudzera mu resistor R₃

Choyamba werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera:

Pothetsa vutoli, njira ya magetsi imasankhidwa kuti igwirizane ndi wotchi.

E₁ - IR₁ - E₂ - IR₂ - IR₃ = 0

6 - 2I - 9 - 4I - 3I = 0

6 – 9 – 2I – 4I – 3I = 0

-3 – 9I = 0

-3 = 9I

Ine = -3/9

Ine = -1/3

Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera ndi 1/3 Ampere. Mphamvu yamagetsi yokhala ndi chizindikiro chotsutsa imatanthauza kuti njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi ndi sizikugwirizana ndi mwanjira yofanana koma yotsutsana ndi wotchi.

Dera limakonzedwa motsatizana kotero kuti magetsi oyenda mu dera = magetsi oyenda mu resistance R₃ = 1/3 Ampere.

Werengerani kusiyana komwe kungatheke (V) kudutsa resistor R₃

V = IR₃ = (1/3)(3) = 1 Volti

Yankho lolondola ndi D.

6. Onani chithunzi cha netiweki pansipa!

Kotero kuti mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa mfundo C ndi D ikhale yofanana ndi ma volts 4, mtengo wa R ndi...

A. 1 Ohm

B. 2 Ohms

C. 4 Ohms

D. 8 Ohm

E. 10 Ohm

Zokambirana

Amadziwika kuti:

Chotchinga 1 (R)₁= = 2 Ω

Chotchinga 2 (R)₂= = 2 Ω

Chotchinga 3 (R)₃) = R

Gwero la emf 1 (E)₁) = 8 Volt

Gwero la emf 2 (E)₂) = 4 Volt

Kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa mfundo C ndi D (V)_CD) = 4 Volt

Anafunsa kuti: Mtengo wotsutsa R

Yankho:

Werengerani mtengo wotsutsa R

V_CD = IR

4 = IR

R = 4 / I

Kupitilira…..

Werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi (I) yomwe ikuyenda kudzera mu resistor R

Pothetsa vutoli, njira ya magetsi imasankhidwa kuti igwirizane ndi wotchi.

- E₁ – 2I + E₂ – 2I – IR = 0

8 – 2I + 4 – 2I – Ine (4/I) = 0

8 – 2I + 4 – 2I – 4 = 0

8 + 4 – 4 – 2I – 2I = 0

– 8 – 4I = 0

– 8 = 4I

Ine = -8 / 4

I = -2 Ampere

Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera ndi ma Ampere awiri. Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yoipa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi ndi sizikugwirizana ndi mwanjira yofanana koma yotsutsana ndi wotchi.

Dera limakonzedwa motsatizana kotero kuti magetsi oyenda mu dera = magetsi oyenda mu resistance R = 2 Ampere.

Mtengo wotsutsa R

Pitirizani…..

R = 4 / Ine = 4 / 2 = 2 Ohm

Yankho lolondola ndi B.

7 PYang'anani chithunzi chotsatira cha magetsi! Kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yolumikizira pa resistor R ndi…

A. 20 Volt

B. 8 Volt

C. 5 Volt

D. 4 Volt

E. 2 Volt

Zokambirana

EMF (E) = kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa gwero la magetsi amagetsi asanayambe kuyenda kwa magetsi

Voliyumu ya clamp (V) = kusiyana komwe kungachitike pakati pa gwero la voliyumu yamagetsi pambuyo pa kuyenda kwa magetsi

Amadziwika kuti:

Chotchinga 1 (R)₁) = 2 Ω

Chotchinga 2 (R)₂) = 4 Ω

Chotchinga 3 (R)₃= = 4 Ω

Gwero la emf 1 (E)₁) = 20 Volt

Gwero la emf 2 (E)₂) = 15 Volt

Anafunsa kuti: Kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yolumikizira pa resistor R (V)

Yankho:

Werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera (I)

Vutoli likugwirizana ndi lamulo la Kirchhooff. Njira ndi momwe mungathetsere vutoli:

Choyamba, sankhani njira yomwe mukufuna panopa. Mutha kusankha motsatira njira yotsutsana ndi wotchi kapena motsatira wotchi.

Chachiwiri, pamene mphamvu yamagetsi imadutsa mu resistor kapena resistor (R) pali kuchepa kwa mphamvu kotero kuti V = IR ndi negative.

ChachitatuNgati mphamvu yamagetsi yasuntha kuchoka pa mphamvu yotsika kupita ku mphamvu yayikulu (- mpaka +) ndiye kuti gwero la emf (E) lalembedwa kuti ndi labwino chifukwa pali mphamvu yochaja pa gwero la emf. Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi yasuntha kuchoka pa mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yotsika (+ mpaka -) ndiye kuti gwero la emf (E) lalembedwa kuti ndi loipa chifukwa pali mphamvu yotulutsa pa gwero la emf.

Pothetsa vutoli, njira ya magetsi imasankhidwa kuti igwirizane ndi wotchi.

E₁ - IR₁ - IR₂ - IR₃ - E₂ = 0

20 – Ine(2) – Ine(4) – Ine(4) – 15 = 0

20 – 15 – Ine (2) – Ine (4) – Ine (4) = 0

5 – 10 I = 0

5 = 10 I

Ine = 5/10

I = 0,5 Ampere

Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera ndi 0,5 Amperes. Mphamvu yabwino imasonyeza kuti njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi ili motsatira momwe ikuyembekezeredwa, motsatira wotchi.

Werengerani kukana kofanana (R)

Chotsutsa 1 (R₁), chotsutsa 2 (R₂) ndi chotsutsa 3 (R₃) yolumikizidwa motsatizana. Chotsukira chosinthira:

R = R₁ +R₂ +R₃ = 2 Ω + 4 Ω + 4 Ω = 10 Ω

Mphamvu yamagetsi pa resistor R (V)

V = IR = (0,5)(10) = 5 Volts

Njira yachangu:

Mphamvu ya clamping imatha kudziwika mwachindunji motere:

V = E₁ - E₂ = 20 – 15 = 5 Volt

Yankho lolondola ndi C.

8. Yang'anani chithunzi chotsatira cha magetsi! Kutaya kwa mphamvu pa resistor ya 3Ω ndi…

A. 4 Watts

B. 8 Watts

C. 12 Watts

D. 16 Watt

E. 20 Watts

Zokambirana

Mphamvu yotaya = mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito

Amadziwika kuti:

Chotchinga 1 (R)₁= = 2 Ω

Chotchinga 2 (R)₂= = 3 Ω

Chotchinga 3 (R)₃= = 4 Ω

Gwero la emf 1 (E)₁) = 8 Volt

Gwero la emf 2 (E)₂) = 10 Volt

Anafunsa kuti: Kutaya mphamvu pa 3Ω kukana

Yankho:

Mphamvu yotaya madzi

Mphamvu yotaya imawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula iyi:

P = VI

Kufotokozera: P = mphamvu, V = kusiyana komwe kungatheke kumapeto onse a resistor 3Ω, I = magetsi akuyenda kudzera mu kukana 3Ω.

Werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi (I) yomwe ikuyenda kudzera mu kukana 3Ω

Choyamba werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera:

Pothetsa vutoli, njira ya magetsi imasankhidwa kuti igwirizane ndi wotchi.

E₁ - IR₁ - IR₂ - IR₃ +E₂ = 0

8 – Ine(2) – Ine(3) – Ine(4) + 10 = 0

18 – 9 I = 0

18 = 9 I

Ine = 18/9

I = 2 Ampere

Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera ndi 2 Amperes. Mphamvu yabwino imasonyeza kuti njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi ili motsatira momwe ikuyembekezeredwa, motsatira wotchi.

Dera limakonzedwa motsatizana kotero kuti magetsi oyenda mu dera = magetsi oyenda mu resistor 3Ω = 2 Ampere.

Werengerani kusiyana komwe kungatheke (V) kudutsa chotsutsa cha 3 Ω

V = IR₂ = (2 A)(3 Ω) = 6 Volt

Werengani kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimatuluka pa resistor ya 3Ω

P = VI = (6 Volt) (2 Ampere) = 12 Volt Ampere = 12 Watt

Yankho lolondola ndi C.

9. Yang'anani chithunzi chotsatira cha magetsi! Kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa mfundo A ndi B ndi…

A. 1,5 volt

B. 3,0 volts

C. 6,0 volts

D. 7,5 volts

Ma volti 9,0 E.

Zokambirana

Amadziwika kuti:

Chotchinga 1 (R)₁= = 2 Ω

Chotchinga 2 (R)₂= = 3 Ω

Chotchinga 3 (R)₃= = 4 Ω

Gwero la emf 1 (E)₁) = 8 Volt

Gwero la emf 2 (E)₂) = 10 Volt

Anafunsa kuti: Kusiyana komwe kulipo (V) pakati pa mfundo A ndi B

Yankho:

Werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi (I) yomwe ikuyenda kudzera mu kukana 3Ω

Choyamba werengerani mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera:

Pothetsa vutoli, njira ya magetsi imasankhidwa kuti igwirizane ndi wotchi.

- E₁ - IR₁ - IR₂ - E₂ - IR₃ = 0

– 8 – Ine (2) – Ine (3) – 10 – Ine (4) = 0

– 18 – 9 I = 0

– 18 = 9 I

Ine = -18 / 9

Ine = – 2 Ampere

Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda mu dera ndi ma Ampere awiri. Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yoipa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi ndi sizikugwirizana ndi mwanjira yofanana koma yotsutsana ndi wotchi.

Dera limakonzedwa motsatizana kotero kuti magetsi oyenda mu dera = magetsi oyenda mu resistor 3Ω = 2 Ampere.

Werengerani kusiyana komwe kungatheke (V) kudutsa chotsutsa cha 3 Ω

V = IR₂ = (2 A)(3 Ω) = 6 Volt

Yankho lolondola ndi C.

Gwero la Mafunso:

Mafunso a National Examination Physics a Senior High School/Vocational High School