Te Takoha a Nikola Tesla ki te Ao Pūtaiao
Ko Nikola Tesla tētahi o ngā tino tangata whai mana i roto i te hītori o te pūtaiao me te hangarau hou. He maha ngā wā e hono ana tōna ingoa ki te hiko, ki te aukume whakawhiti (AC), me ngā whakaaro o mua i mua i tō rātou wā. I whānau mai i te 10 o Hūrae, 1856, i Smiljan (ināianei ko Croatia) ā, i mate i te 7 o Hānuere, 1943, i New York, i ora a Tesla i tētahi oranga kī tonu i te kitenga, te whakataetae pūtaiao, me ngā kaupapa nui. Ahakoa kāore i te wā katoa i whakawhiwhia ki te whakamihi i tika ai ia i tōna wā, e mōhiotia ana āna takoha hei turanga nui mō ngā pūnaha hiko, te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me ngā mātāpono hangarau hou.
1. Te Hurihanga o te Pūnaha Auaha Hurihuri (AC)
Ko te takoha rongonui a Tesla ko te whakawhanaketanga me te whakatairanga i te pūnaha au hurihuri (AC). I te mutunga o te rautau 19, i tūtaki te ao ki te "Pakanga o ngā Au" i waenga i te au tika (DC), i tautokona e Thomas Edison, me te au hurihuri (AC), i whakatairangahia e Tesla rāua ko George Westinghouse. I whakaatu a Tesla he pai ake te AC mō te tuku hiko tawhiti nā te mea ka taea te whakanui me te whakaheke ngāwari mā te whakamahi i ngā whakawhiti hiko. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ka taea te tuku hiko i ngā ngaohiko teitei hei whakaiti i ngā ngaronga pūngao i te wā tuku, kātahi ka whakahekehia anō mō te whakamahi haumaru i roto i ngā kāinga me ngā ahumahi.
Ko te pūnaha AC, kua noho hei paerewa ā-ao i ēnei rā, he tohu tēnei ehara i te mea he auaha anake te tirohanga a Tesla engari he mahi whai hua anō hoki. Ki te kore tēnei pūnaha, ka nui ake te utu me te uaua o te whakarato hiko puta noa i te tāone me te rohe. Arā, i āwhina a Tesla ki te hanga i te huarahi e whakaputa ai, e tuku ai, e whakamahi ai hoki te tangata i te hiko tae noa ki tēnei wā hou.
2. Mōta Whakaoho me te Papa Aukume Hurihuri
Haunga te pūnaha AC, i hangaia hoki e Tesla tētahi motuka hiko whakapūmau e whakamahi ana i tētahi papa aukume hurihuri. I mua i tēnei mahi auaha, he uaua ngā motuka hiko, kāore i te whai hua, ā, e hiahiatia ana he taputapu whakawhiti hiko e ngāwari ana ki te pakaru. I whakakapia taua huarahi e te motuka hiko whakapūmau a Tesla ki tētahi hoahoa māmā ake, pakari ake, me te whai hua ake.
Ko ngā motuka hiko te poutokomanawa o te ahumahi hou, e whakamahia ana i roto i te tini o ngā taputapu: ngā pā, ngā papu, ngā mīhini wheketere, ngā compressors, tae atu ki ngā taputapu o te whare. Ko te kaupapa a Tesla mō te hurihuri i ngā papa aukume he mea hou i puta i te pūtaiao me te hangarau, e whakakotahi ana i te ariā hikohiko me ngā tono ahumahi whānui.
3. Ngā Whakamātautau Tesla Coil me te Ngaohiko Teitei
E mōhiotia ana hoki a Tesla mō tana koiri Tesla, he ara iahiko whakawhiti hiko e kaha ana ki te whakaputa i ngā ngaohiko tino teitei i ngā auau teitei. Ahakoa e kiia ana he taputapu whakaaturanga whakamiharo (nā te mea ka puta he mura hiko whakamiharo), he mea nui te koiri Tesla ki te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao, inā koa i roto i te ako i ngā ngaru hikohiko, te koiri, me te whanonga o te hiko i ngā auau teitei.
Nā ngā whakamātautau a Tesla me ngā ngaohiko teitei i āwhina ki te whakawātea i te ara mō te māramatanga atu ki te tuku pūngao, ngā āhuatanga o te ārai hiko, me te āhuatanga o ngā tukunga hiko i te hau. I roto i te hītori o te hangarau, i whai wāhi te kaupapa o ngā ara iahiko haruru ki te whanaketanga o te reo irirangi, te pouaka whakaata, me ngā momo taputapu whakawhitiwhiti ahokore.
4. Ngā Takoha Tūatahi ki te Hangarau Reo Irirangi me te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Ahokore
E kiia ana a Tesla ko tētahi o ngā paionia tuatahi o te hangarau reo irirangi. I whakahaerehia e ia ngā whakamātautau i roto i te tuku tohu ahokore i mua i te noho o te reo irirangi hei hangarau arumoni. Nā Tesla i whakawhanake te ariā o te tuku tohu me te pūngao mā roto i ngā ngaru hikohiko, tae atu ki ngā whakaaturanga o ngā taputapu ka taea te whiwhi me te tukatuka i ngā tohu ahokore.
I roto i ngā tautohetohe hītori, he rongonui ake te ingoa o Guglielmo Marconi hei kaihanga o te reo irirangi, engari kāore e taea te wareware i ngā takoha a Tesla. I a Tesla ngā mana pateni e pā ana ki ngā ara iahiko me ngā tikanga tuku i muri mai ka noho hei tūāpapa mō te hangarau reo irirangi. Ahakoa te tautohe nama, e mārama ana ko Tesla tētahi o ngā kaipūtaiao i whakatairanga i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahokore ki te ao tūturu.
5. Mana Mamao: Ko te Mana Mamao te Mataara o te Aunoatanga
I te tau 1898, i whakaatu a Tesla i tētahi poti ka taea te whakahaere mamao mā te whakamahi i ngā ngaru reo irirangi. He mea hou tēnei whakaaturanga mō tōna wā—ehara i te mea he whakamātautau ahurei noa iho, engari he tohu whakamua ki ngā ariā o te mana mamao, te karetao, me te aunoatanga.
Nā te whakaaro ka taea e ngā mīhini te whiwhi whakahau mā te ahokore i whakatuwhera i ngā huarahi hou mō ngā pūnaha whakahaere, ngā patu, ngā taputapu o te whare, tae atu ki ngā waka rererangi hou. I ēnei rā, he wāhanga noa ngā mana mamao o te oranga o ia rā, ā, ko ngā takoha a Tesla e whakaatu ana i tana tirohanga whakamua ki te heke mai.
6. Te Tirohanga mō te Tuku Pūngao Ahokore
Ko tētahi o ngā whakaaro nui rawa atu a Tesla ko te tuku hiko ahokore. Ko te kaupapa o te Pourewa Wardenclyffe i Niu Ioka te tohu o tēnei wawata. I whakaaro a Tesla ka taea te tuku hiko me ngā mōhiohio mā te whenua me te āhuarangi, ka taea ai e te tangata te uru atu ki te hiko me te kore he whatunga taura nui.
Ahakoa kāore i oti te kaupapa nā te iti o te pūtea me ngā wero hangarau, kei te whakaoho tonu te whakaaro mō te tuku ahokore i ngā rangahau hou. I ēnei rā, ka taea te kite i te hangarau utu ahokore mō ngā taputapu hiko hei putanga iti iho o te tirohanga a Tesla. Ahakoa he rerekē te horopaki me ngā tikanga, he rite tonu te whāinga matua: te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā hononga waea mō te tohatoha pūngao.
7. Ngā Tikanga Whakaaro Pūtaiao me te Whakaaro Hangarau
Ehara i te mea ko ngā taputapu me ngā mana pateni anake ngā takoha a Tesla, engari he momo whakaaro anō hoki. I mōhiotia ia mō ōna pūkenga tirohanga kaha, he maha ngā wā i "hanga" ai i ngā mīhini i roto i tōna hinengaro i mua i te hanga i tētahi tauira. I whakaatuhia e tēnei tikanga te whakakotahitanga o te māramatanga pūtaiao me te huarahi auaha hangarau.
I whakanuia anō hoki e Tesla te hiranga o te whai huatanga me te whakamahinga o te pūngao taiao. I whakaarohia e ia ngā huarahi hei whiwhi pūngao iti ake te utu, nui ake hoki, ā, i whakaarohia he heke mai ka taea e te hangarau te whakapai ake i te kounga o te oranga tangata. Ahakoa kāore i whakatinanahia katoatia ana whakaaro, he maha ngā whakaaro o Tesla i kitea anō te hiranga i muri mai i te whanaketanga o te hangarau me ngā hiahia o te hapori.
8. Te Taonga Tuku Iho o Tesla i roto i te Hangarau Hou
E kitea ana te taonga tuku iho a Tesla i roto i te pūnaha hiko o te ao, e whakawhirinaki tonu ana ki te aukume whakawhiti, te whakamahinga ahumahi o ngā motuka whakapūmau, me te kaupapa o te haruru, he wāhanga o te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Kei te mau tonu tōna ingoa i roto i te waeine o te papa aukume, te tesla (T), e whakaata ana i ana takoha nui ki te ahupūngao me te hiko aukume.
I tēnei ao hou, kua noho a Tesla hei tohu mō tētahi kaipūtaiao matakite nāna i hipa ngā rohe o ngā mahi. He maha ngā kaihanga auaha o ēnei rā, ahakoa i roto i te pūngao, i te hikohiko, i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero rānei, e whakaaweawetia ana e tōna maia ki te whakamātau me te whakaaro i ngā mea hou.
Whakamutunga
He tangata matua a Nikola Tesla i hanga i te hoahoanga hangarau o te ao hou. Mai i ngā pūnaha aukume tauutuutu, ngā motuka hiko, me te koiri Tesla, ki ngā ariā o te whakawhitiwhiti ahokore me te mana mamao, i horapa āna takoha ki ngā momo mara pūtaiao me te hangarau. Ahakoa i kitea tōna oranga e ngā wero pūtea me te whakataetae pūtaiao kaha, kei te mau tonu ana whakaaro, ā, kei te awe tonu i ngā whanaketanga hangarau tae noa mai ki tēnei rā. I whakaako a Tesla kāore ngā kitenga nui i te whānau mai i te whakamarie, engari i te maia ki te whakaaro i te mea kāore e taea, me te mea kia taea.
