ahupūngao

Hihi Matao Ngaru Hihi mārama

Te whakamāramatanga o te taha ngaru

Ki te makahia he kōhatu ki roto i te puna wai, ka neke atu ngā ngaru wai porowhita i waenganui o te porowhita. I roto i ngā ngaru wai, he tihi me he awaawa. Ko ngā tihi ngaru, ko ngā awaawa ngaru rānei e neke atu ana i waenganui o te porowhita, ka taea te kī he taha ngaru.

Ko ngā mata ngaru e rua e tata ana he wāhanga e rua o te ngaru he rite te āhua, ā, he kotahi te roanga ngaru e wehea ana. Ko ngā tihi ngaru, ko ngā awaawa ngaru rānei he rite te āhua, ā, he kotahi, neke atu rānei ngā roanga ngaru e wehea ana, e kiia ana ko te mata ngaru. Haunga ngā ngaru wai, he mata ngaru anō hoki ō ngā ngaru oro, ngā ngaru mārama rānei. He rerekē ki ngā ngaru wai e neke ana i roto i te papa, i te rohe rānei, ka neke ngā ngaru oro me ngā ngaru mārama i te wāhi.

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He tuhinga mō te whārite Poiseuilles

I kitea te whārite a Poiseuille e Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille (1799-1869). E ai ki te whakamārama, ka taea te kī he wai tino pai ia wai. Kāore he matotoru o te wai tino pai. Ki te whakaaro tātou he rere te wai tino pai i roto i te paipa, ka neke ia wāhanga o te wai i te tere kotahi (v). Kāore i rite ki te wai tino pai, he matotoru te wai tūturu e tūtakihia ana e tātou i ia rā. Nā te mea he matotoru tōna, hei tauira, i te wā e rere ana i roto i te paipa, ka rerekē te tere o ia wāhanga o te wai. Ka tere ake te neke o te paparanga wai kei waenganui (hohonu v), engari, kāore te paparanga wai e piri ana ki te paipa e neke (v = 0). Nō reira, mai i waenganui ki te taha o te paipa, ka neke ia wāhanga o te wai i ngā tere rerekē. Hei āwhina i tō mārama, mātakitakihia te pikitia i raro nei.

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He rerekē ngā taumata matotoru o ngā wai, arā, ngā matū wai me ngā matū hau o ngā momo rerekē. Ko te matotoru he waku i waenga i ngā ngota e hanga ana i te wai. Nō reira, ka hangaia e ngā ngota te waku wai ina rere te wai. I roto i ngā wai, ka puta te matotoru nā ngā kaha piripono (ngā kaha kukume i waenga i ngā ngota rite). I roto i ngā matū hau, ka puta te matotoru nā ngā tukinga i waenga i ngā ngota.

He māmā ake te rere o te wai, hei tauira, te wai. I tetahi atu taha, he uaua ake te rere o te wai matotoru, hei tauira, te hinu whakahinuhinu. Ka taea e koe te whakaatu mā te ringihia te wai me te hinu whakahinuhinu ki runga i te mata hianga. He tere ake te rere o te wai i te hinu. Ko te taumata o te matotoru o te wai e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pāmahana. Ko te teitei ake o te pāmahana o te wai, ko te iti ake o te matotoru o te wai. Hei tauira, ina parai te whaea i te ika i roto i te kīhini, ka wai ake te hinu tunu kai e matotoru ana i te tīmatanga ina werahia. I tetahi atu taha, ko te teitei ake o te pāmahana o te matū hau, ko te matotoru ake o te matū hau.

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Te Kaha o te Hononga me te Piringa

Ko te kaha piripono he kaha kukume i waenga i ngā ngota i roto i tētahi matū ōrite, ko te kaha kukume i waenga i ngā ngota o tētahi matū kāore i te ōrite e kiia ana ko te Kaha Piripono. Hei tauira, ka ringihia e tātou te wai ki roto i tētahi karāhe. Ka puta te piripono ina kukume ngā ngota wai tetahi ki tetahi, ko te piripono ia ka puta ina kukume ngā ngota wai me ngā ngota karāhe tetahi ki tetahi.

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Kua takaro koe i ngā mirumiru hopi? He mirumiru hopi porowhita. He katakata. Ka taea te pupuhi. I muri i te rere, ka pahū ngā mirumiru hopi. Āe, he ngahau, he kēmu tamarikitanga. He aha i porowhita ai te mirumiru hopi?

Tēnā, ara ake i te ata, kātahi ka titiro ki ngā rau e karapoti ana i te whare. Tirohia ngā pata tomairangi e piri ana ki ngā rau. He mea rerekē; he porowhita ngā pata tomairangi. Me pēhea rā te pēnei?

Ka puta te kukū o te mata nā te mea ka piri te mata o te wai kia rite te mata ki te kiriuhi angiangi. Ka pāngia tēnei e te kaha piri i waenga i ngā ngota wai. Hei mārama ake i tēnei whakamārama, whakaarohia te whakaahua e whai ake nei. Ka arotakehia e tātou te wai i roto i tētahi ipu.

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He tuhinga mō te mātāpono o Archimedes

Kāore he kaipuke nui e totohu, engari ka totohu te kōhatu iti. He aha ai? He māmā noa te whakautu mēnā e mārama ana koe ki te ariā o te pōrewarewa me te mātāpono a Ākimete.

I roto i te oranga o ia rā, ka kitea e tātou he iti ake te taumaha o ngā mea e whakaurua ana ki roto i te wai, pērā i te toka, i ērā atu mea kāore i roto i te wai. Tērā pea he uaua ki te hiki ake i te kōhatu mai i te whenua, engari ka ngāwari te hiki ake i te kōhatu kotahi mai i te raro o te wai moana. Nā te kaha pōkaikaha tēnei. Ka puta te pōkaikaha nā te rerekētanga o te pēhanga wai i ngā hohonutanga rerekē. Ka piki ake te pēhanga wai i te hohonutanga, ka matotoru ake te wai, ka nui ake te pēhanga o te wai. Ina whakaurua he mea ki roto i te wai, ka rerekē te pēhanga i waenga i te wai kei runga o te mea me te wai kei raro o te mea. He nui ake te pēhanga o te wai kei raro o te mea i te wai kei runga o te mea.

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He tuhinga mō te mātāpono o Pascal

He pēhea te whakamahinga o te mātāpono mahi o te ararewa waipēhi hei ararewa i tētahi waka? He aha te mātāpono mahi o ngā pēraki waipēhi ina whakamahia hei whakaiti i te tere o te waka? Akohia te Mātāpono a Pascal kia mārama ai koe ki tēnei.

Kei te pēhia tonutia e ia wai ngā mea katoa e pā ana ki a ia. Ka pēhia te pakitara karāhe e te wai e ringihia ana e tātou ki roto i te karāhe. Waihoki, ki te kaukau tātou i roto i te puna kaukau, i te wai moana rānei, ka pēhia hoki te tinana katoa e te wai puna kaukau, e te wai moana rānei.

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He tuhinga mō te pēhanga i roto i ngā wai

I roto i te ahupūngao, ka tautuhia te pēhanga hei kaha mō ia wae horahanga, ina he poutū te ahunga o te kaha ki te horahanga mata. Mā te pāngarau, ka whakaatuhia te pēhanga e te whārite P = F / A, ina ko P = pēhanga, F = kaha, ā, A = horahanga mata. Ko te wae kaha (F) ko Newton (N), ko te wae horahanga ko te mita tapawha (m² ⁾ . Nā te mea ko te pēhanga te kaha mō ia wae horahanga, ko te wae pēhanga ko N/m² ^. Ko tētahi atu ingoa mō N/m² ^ko Pascal (Pa). I whakamahia a Pascal hei wae pēhanga hei whakahonore i a Blaise Pascal.

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He tuhinga mō te mātotoru me te taumaha motuhake

kiato

Ko tētahi āhuatanga nui o tētahi matū ko te mātotoru. Ko te mātotoru te ōwehenga o te papatipu ki te rōrahi. I tuhia i roto i te pāngarau:

ρ = m / V

Ko te ρ (rho) he reta Kariki e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei whakaatu i te mātotoru, ko te m te papatipu, ā, ko te V te rōrahi. He rerekē te mātotoru o te wai ōrite i te mātotoru o te totoka ōrite. Hei tauira, he ōrite te mātotoru o te rino i ia wāhanga. I roto i te āhuarangi o te Ao, ko te teitei ake o te āhuarangi mai i te mata o te Ao, ko te iti ake o tōna mātotoru, engari mō te wai moana, ko te hohonu ake o te wai moana, ko te nui ake o tōna mātotoru. Ka whakawhirinaki pea te mātotoru o te wai ōrite ki ngā āhuatanga taiao pēnei i te pāmahana me te pēhanga.

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He tuhinga mō Ngā whakamahinga o te mātāpono Bernoullis me te whārite Bernoullis

Te ariā a Torricelli

Ko tētahi o ngā whakamahinga o te whārite a Bernoulli ko te tatau i te tere o te putanga o te wai mai i te raro o tētahi ipu (tirohia te pikitia).

Ka whakamahia e mātou te whārite a Bernoulli i te pūwāhi 1 (te mata o te ipu) me te pūwāhi 2 (te mata o te kōhao). Nā te mea he iti ake te whānui o te kōhao i raro i te ipu i te whānui o te ipu, ka kiia te tere o te wai i runga i te mata o te ipu he kore (v ₁ = 0). He tuwhera te mata o te ipu me te mata o te kōhao kia ōrite te pēhanga ki te pēhanga o te hau (P ₁ = P ₂ ). Nō reira, ko te whārite a Bernoulli mō tēnei take ko:

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