Amalensi okuhlangana - izinkinga nezixazululo

1. Into ephakeme engamasentimitha angu-5 ibekwa ibanga elingamasentimitha angu-5 ukusuka kulensi yokuhlangana enobude obuqondile obuyisentimitha ezingu -15 . Nquma ibanga lesithombe, ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, ukuphakama kwesithombe kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe.

Kwaziwa:

Ubude obuqondile (f) = 15 cm

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi iphuzu elibalulekile lingokoqobo noma imisebe idlula ephuzwini.

Ukuphakama kwento (h _o ) = 5 cm

Ibanga lento ( do _o ) = 5 cm

Okufunwayo : ibanga lesithombe , ukukhuliswa kwesithombe , ukuphakama kwesithombe kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe

Isixazululo:

Ukwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi ehlanganayo :

Ibanga lesithombe ( di _i ):

1/ di = 1/f – 1/ do _o = 1/15 – 1/5 = 1/15 – 3/15 = _-2/15

d _i = -15/2 = -7.5 cm

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe sibonakala nge-inthanethi noma imisebe ayidluli esithombeni.

Ukwandiswa kwesithombe ( m ):

m = – di _i / do _o = -(-7.5)/5 = 7.5/5 = 1.5

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siqondile.

Ukuphakama kwesithombe (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h _i = m h _o = (1.5)5 = 10/3 = 7.5 cm

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siqondile.

Izakhiwo zesithombe

- okubonakalayo

- okuqondile

– Isithombe sikhulu kunento

– Ibanga lesithombe likhulu kunebanga lento

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2. Into ephakeme engu-10 cm ibekwa ibanga elingama-30 cm ukusuka kulensi yokuhlangana enobude obuqondile obungu -15 cm . Nquma ibanga lesithombe, ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, ukuphakama kwesithombe kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe.

Kwaziwa:

Ubude obuqondile (f) = 15 cm

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi iphuzu elibalulekile lingokoqobo noma imisebe idlula ephuzwini.

Ukuphakama kwento (h) = 10 cm

Ibanga (ama) lento = 30 cm

Okufunwayo: Ibanga lesithombe, ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, ukuphakama kwesithombe kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe

Isixazululo:

Ukwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi ehlanganayo:

Ibanga lesithombe ( di _i ):

1/ di = 1/f – 1/ _{do o} = _1/15 – 1/30 = 2/30 – 1/30 = 1/30

d _i = 30/1 = 30 cm

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe singokoqobo noma imisebe idlula esithombeni.

Ukwandiswa kwesithombe ( m ):

m = – di _i / do _o = -(30)/30 = -30/30 = -1

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siphendukezelwe.

Ukuphakama kwesithombe (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h _i = m h _o = (-1)10 = -10 cm

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siphendukezelwe.

Izakhiwo zesithombe

- okwangempela noma imisebe idlula esithombeni

- okuguquliwe

– Ukuphakama kwesithombe kufana nokuphakama kwento.

– Ibanga lesithombe lifana nebanga lento.

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3. Into ephakeme engu-10 cm ibekwa ibanga elingama-30 cm ukusuka kulensi yokuhlangana enobude obuqondile obungu -20 cm . Nquma ibanga lesithombe, ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, ukuphakama kwesithombe kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe.

Kwaziwa:

Ubude obuqondile f) = 20 cm

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi iphuzu elibalulekile lingokoqobo noma imisebe idlula ephuzwini.

Ukuphakama kwento (h) = 10 cm

Ibanga lento ( do _o ) = 30 cm

Okufunwayo: Ibanga lesithombe , ukukhuliswa kwesithombe , ukuphakama kwesithombe kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe

Isixazululo:

Ibanga lesithombe ( di _i ):

1/ di = 1/f – 1/ do _o = 1/20 – 1/30 = 3/60 – 2/60 = _1/60

d _i = 60/1 = 60 cm

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe singokoqobo noma imisebe idlula esithombeni.

Ukwandiswa kwesithombe ( m ):

m = – di _i / do _o = -(60)/30 = -2

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siphendukezelwe.

Isithombe sikhulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunento.

Ukuphakama kwesithombe (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h i = m h _o = (-2)10 = -20 cm

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siphendukezelwe.

Izakhiwo zesithombe

- kwangempela

- okuguquliwe

– ukuphakama kwesithombe kukhulu kunokuphakama kwento

– ibanga lesithombe likhulu kunebanga lento

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4. Ngokusekelwe esithombeni esingezansi, nquma ubude be-focal belensi ehlanganayo!

Kwaziwa:

Ibanga lento ( do _o ) = 20 cm

Ibanga lesithombe ( di ₎ = 30 cm

Okufunwayo : Ubude obugxile (f)

Isixazululo:

1/ do _o + 1/ di _i = 1/f

do _o = ibanga lento ( kanye nophawu lokuthi imisebe idlula into )

d _i = ibanga lesithombe ( kanye nophawu ngoba imisebe idlula esithombeni )

f = ubude bokugxila ( kanye nophawu lokuthi imisebe idlula endaweni yokugxila noma indawo yokugxila ingokoqobo )

Ubude bokugxila:

1/f = 1/20 + 1/30 = 3/60 + 2/60 = 5/60

f = 60/5 = 12 cm

5. Ibanga lento lingama-30 cm kanti ubude bokugxila bungama-20 cm. Nquma ukukhuliswa kwesithombe.

Kwaziwa:

Ubude obuqondile belensi ehlanganayo (f) = 20 cm

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi indawo egxile kuyo ingokoqobo noma imisebe idlula esithombeni.

Ibanga lento ( do _o ) = 30 cm

Okufunwayo: Ukukhulisa isithombe (M)

Isixazululo:

Ibanga lesithombe:

1/ di = 1/f – 1/ do = 1/20 – 1/30 = 3/60 – 2/60 = _1/60

d _i = 60/1 = 60 cm

Ukukhulisa isithombe:

M = di _i / do _o = 60 cm / 30 cm = 60/30 = izikhathi ezi-2

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