Isihloko mayelana nemidwebo yemisebe yamalensi ahlanganayo (convex)
Uma into ikwelinye icala lelensi egobile, ilensi egobile ingakha isithombe sento. Uma indawo yento kolunye uhlangothi lwelensi egobile yaziwa, ungadweba kanjani ukwakheka kwesithombe sento? Ake sithi into ikwelinye icala lelensi egobile, njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi.
Umugqa ophuzi = ilensi eqondile
Umugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka = i-axis eyinhloko
Umcibisholo (oluhlaza okotshani) = into
F 1 = ubude obuqondile 1 kanye no F 2 = ubude obuqondile 2
Isithombe sesithombe sento sitholakala ngokudweba yonke imisebe yokukhanya edlula entweni, kodwa lokhu akusebenzi kangako ngoba kuzoba nemigqa eminingi emele imisebe yokukhanya. Ukuze kube lula, kukhethwa imisebe embalwa yokukhanya ukuze imele yonke imisebe yokukhanya edlula entweni. Njengoba lesi senzakalo sihilela ukuphambuka kokukhanya, umthetho wokuphambuka kokukhanya kumele ulandelwe lapho kudweba ukwakheka kwesithombe.
Imisebe emithathu yokukhanya noma imisebe emithathu
Umzila 1:
Umsebe 1 noma umsebe wokukhanya 1 oza ngelensi eqondile udwetshwa ngokuhambisana ne-axis eyinhloko yelensi bese uthinta ingxenye engenhla yento,
bese kuhoxiswa ilensi eqondile, lapho umsebe wokukhanya ohoxisiwe kufanele udlule endaweni yokugxila 2. Imisebe engenayo kanye nemisebe yokukhanya ehoxisiwe edwetshiwe kumele igcwalise umthetho wokukhanya ohoxisiwe.
Umzila 2:
Umsebe wesi-2 noma umsebe wokukhanya wesi-2 oza kulensi eqondile uyadonswa ukuze udlule iphuzu eliyinhloko lesi-1 bese uthinta ingxenye engenhla yento,
bese kuhoxiswa ilensi eqondile, lapho umsebe wokukhanya ohoxisiwe kumele uhambisane ne-axis eyinhloko. Imisebe engenayo kanye nemisebe yokuhoxiswa edonswayo kumele igcwalise umthetho wokuhoxiswa kokukhanya.
Umzila 3:
Umsebe wokukhanya 3 noma umsebe wokukhanya 2 oza kulensi eqondile udonswa ukuze udlule endaweni lapho kuhlangana khona ilensi eqondile kanye ne-axis eyinhloko bese uthinta ingxenye engenhla yento; bese umsebe wokukhanya udluliselwa phambili.
Ukwakheka kwesithombe (imisebe emibili)
Ukwakheka kwesithombe kungadwetshwa kusetshenziswa imisebe emibili kuphela, njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi. Uma usebenzisa imisebe emibili, kunezithombe ezintathu ezingakhiwa.
I-Ray 1 kanye ne-2
I-Ray 1 kanye ne-3
I-Ray 2 kanye ne-3
Isithombe sokwakheka kwesithombe sisebenzisa imisebe emibili yokukhanya kuphela sidinga ukulungiswa ngebanga lento ukusuka kulensi eqondile. Uma ibanga lento ukusuka kulensi eqondile linjengokusesithombeni esingenhla, kunezindlela ezintathu zokudweba ukwakheka kwesithombe usebenzisa imisebe emibili kuphela. Uma ibanga lento ukusuka kulensi eqondile lihlukile kunomfanekiso ongenhla, isibonelo, into iphakathi kwephuzu eligxile kanye nendawo ephakathi yokugoba,
khona-ke asikho isidingo sezindlela ezintathu zokudweba ukwakheka kwesithombe, mhlawumbe kunezindlela ezimbili kuphela zokudweba.
Uma udweba ukwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi eqondile, ungakhetha indlela eyodwa.
Ukwakheka kwesithombe (imisebe emithathu)
Ukwakheka kwento kungadwetshwa kusetshenziswa imisebe emithathu, njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi.
Uma ibanga lento kusuka kulensi eqondile lingafani nesithombe esingenhla, isibonelo, into iphakathi kwelensi eqondile nendawo eqondile, noma into iphakathi kwendawo eqondile nendawo ephakathi nendawo egobile yelensi eqondile, khona-ke asikho isidingo sokudweba ukwakheka kwesithombe usebenzisa izindlela ezintathu ezifana nesithombe esingenhla. Kungaba nezindlela ezimbili kuphela zokudweba ukwakheka kwesithombe.
- Umbuzo: Yimiphi imisebe emithathu eyinhloko esetshenziswa ekudwebeni imidwebo yemisebe yelensi ehlanganayo? Impendulo: Imisebe emithathu eyinhloko yile: (1) imisebe ehambisanayo efika ngokuhambisana ne-axis eyinhloko futhi idlule endaweni ekude yokugxila ngemva kokugqashuka; (2) imisebe ephakathi edlula ngqo phakathi ne-lens ngaphandle kokuphambuka; (3) imisebe eqondile esondela kulens idlula endaweni eseduze yokugxila bese ishiya ilensi ihambisana ne-axis eyinhloko.
- Umbuzo: Umsebe odlula enkabeni ye-optical yelensi uziphatha kanjani kumdwebo wemisebe yelensi ehlanganayo? Impendulo: Imisebe edlula enkabeni yelensi iqhubeka ngendlela efanayo ngaphandle kokugoba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izindawo ezimbili zelensi enkabeni yelensi ziyafana ngakho-ke, akukho ukuphambuka okuqondile.
- Umbuzo: Kumdwebo wemisebe yelensi ehlanganayo, imisebe ehamba ekuqaleni ihambisana ne-axis eyinhloko ibuyela kuphi? Impendulo: Umsebe oqala ukuhamba ngokuhambisana ne-axis eyinhloko uyaphenduka nge-lens bese udlula endaweni egxile kolunye uhlangothi lwe-lens.
- Umbuzo: Umsebe odlula endaweni eseduze ne-focal usebenza kanjani kumdwebo wemisebe yelensi ehlanganayo? Impendulo: Umsebe odlula endaweni eseduze ne-focal, lapho uphenduka, uzophuma kulensi bese uhamba uhambisana ne-axis eyinhloko.
- Umbuzo: Kumdwebo wemisebe yelensi ehlanganayo, imisebe ephikisiwe ihlangana kuphi lapho into ingaphezu kwendawo egxile kuyo? Impendulo: Uma into ingaphezu kwendawo egxile kuyo, imisebe ephikisiwe ihlangana ngakolunye uhlangothi lwelensi, yakha isithombe sangempela nesiphendukezelwe.
- Umbuzo: Ukuhlangana kwemisebe ephikisiwe kumelelani kumdwebo wemisebe yelensi ehlanganayo? Impendulo: Ukuhlangana kwemisebe ejijekile kumelela indawo yesithombe esakhiwe ilensi. Lokhu kungaba isithombe sangempela noma esingokoqobo, kuye ngokuthi into ikuphi.
- Umbuzo: Indawo yesithombe ishintsha kanjani kumdwebo wemisebe njengoba into isuka kokungapheli iye kulensi? Impendulo: Njengoba into isuka ekungaphelini iye kulensi, isithombe sisuka endaweni egxile kolunye uhlangothi lwelensi siye ekungaphelini. Uma into idlula endaweni egxile kuyo bese ingena kuyo, isithombe siba ngokoqobo, siqonde, futhi sikhuliswe, futhi sibonakala sitholakala ohlangothini olufanayo nento.
- Umbuzo: Kumdwebo wemisebe yelensi ehlanganayo, imisebe ephindiwe ibonakala ihluka kuphi lapho into ingaphakathi kwendawo egxile kuyo? Impendulo: Uma into ingaphakathi kwendawo egxile kuyo, imisebe ejikile ibonakala ihluka endaweni ehlangothini olufanayo lwelensi nento, okubonisa indawo yesithombe esibonakalayo, esiqondile, nesikhulisiwe.
- Umbuzo: Kusho ukuthini uma imisebe ejijekile kumdwebo wemisebe yelensi ehlanganayo ingahlangani? ImpenduloUma imisebe ejijekile ingahlangani, kusho ukuthi isithombe esakhiwe sibonakala singokoqobo. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho into ibekwa ngaphakathi kobude obuqondile belensi. Kulokhu, imisebe ibonakala ihluka kusuka endaweni engemuva kwelensi ohlangothini lwento.
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Umbuzo: Izinto zelensi ziwuthinta kanjani umdwebo wemisebe yelensi ehlanganayo? Impendulo: Izinto ezikule lensi zithinta inkomba yayo yokubuka. Inkomba yokubuka ephezulu ibangela imisebe ukuthi igobe kakhulu lapho ingena kulensi, ishintshe izikhundla zamaphuzu agxile futhi ngaleyo ndlela ithinte umdwebo wemisebe ophumayo. Kodwa-ke, imithetho eyisisekelo yokudweba umdwebo wemisebe ihlala ifana.
