1. Iso elivamile linephuzu elikude kakhulu elingenamkhawulo. Ubude obuqondile belensi yeso bungu-2.5 cm. Thola (a) ibanga lesithombe (b) amandla elensi.
Kwaziwa:
Ubude be-focal lens yeso (f) = ibanga eliphakathi kwe-cornea ne-retina = +2.5 cm ( Isibonakaliso se-plus sibonisa ilensi ehlanganayo ).
Ibanga lento ( do o ) = okungapheli
Okufunwayo : ibanga lesithombe ( di i )
Isixazululo:
(a) ibanga lesithombe
1/f = 1/ do o + 1/ di i
f = ubude bokugxila , do o = ibanga lento , d i = ibanga lesithombe
1/ di = 1/f – 1/ do o = 1 / 2.5 – 1 / ~ = 1 / 2.5 – 0
1/ d i = 1 / 2.5
d i = 2.5 cm = 0.025 amamitha
Uma ibanga lento lingapheli, ibanga lesithombe (d i ) = ubude obuqondile (f)
(b) amandla elensi
P = 1/f = 1/ 0.025 m = 40 Ku- opters
2. Iso elivamile linephuzu eliseduze kwama-25 cm. Ibanga lesithombe lifana nebanga eliphakathi kwe-cornea ne-retina = 2.5 cm. Thola (a) ubude be-focal (b) amandla e-lens
Kwaziwa:
Ibanga lento ( do o ) = 25 cm
Ibanga lesithombe ( di ) = 2.5 cm
Isixazululo:
(a) ubude bokugxila (f)
1/f = 1/ do o + 1/ di i
1/f = 1/25 + 1/2,5 = 1/25 + 10/25 = 11/25
f = 2.27 cm = 0.0227 m
Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ilensi ehlanganayo.
(b) amandla elensi (P)
P = 1/f = 1/ 0.0227 = 44 Kuma -opters
3. Enye yamathuluzi okukhanya amehlo abantu . Thola izakhiwo zesithombe esikhiqizwa amehlo abantu…
A. Okungokoqobo, okuqondile
B. Okungokoqobo, okuguquliwe
C. Okubonakalayo, okuqondile
D. Okubonakalayo, okuguquliwe
Isixazululo
Iphuzu eliseduze leso elivamile lingu-25 cm. Iphuzu eliseduze yiphuzu eliseduze neso lapho into igxile khona ngokunembile ku-retina lapho itholakala khona ngokugcwele. Ububanzi beliso lomuntu buncane kuno-25 cm ngakho-ke ubude be-focal lens yeso nabo buncane kuno-25 cm. Ngakho-ke, ibanga lento (d) kumele libe likhulu kunobude be-focal lens yeso (f).
Ilensi yeso ilensi egobile. Ngakho-ke isithombe esakhiwe yilensi yeso sinezakhiwo ezifanayo nesithombe esakhiwe yilensi egobile. Izakhiwo zesithombe esakhiwe yilensi yeso lapho ibanga lento (ama) likhulu kunobude obuqondile (f):
yangempela, eguquliwe, encane
Isithombe kufanele sigxile ku-retina ngoba i-retina iguqula amaza okukhanya abe izimpawu zikagesi ezidluliselwa ebuchosheni. Nakuba isithombe siguquliwe, ubuchopho bomuntu busiphendula siqonde phezulu ukuze izinto ezibonwa yiso ziqonde phezulu.
Uma ubona umuthi ukude, umuthi ubukeka umncane kunosayizi wawo wangempela. Lokhu kuhambisana nezimpawu zesithombe esincishisiwe.
Impendulo eyiyo ngu-A.
4. Iso lingabona into uma isithombe sigxile ku-retina lapho izakhiwo zesithombe…
A. Okubonakalayo, okuqondile, okukhulu
B. Okubonakalayo, okuguquliwe, okuncane
C. Okungokoqobo, okuguquliwe, okuncane
D. Okungokoqobo, okuqondile, okuncane
Isixazululo
– Ilensi yeso ilensi egobile, ngakho-ke, izakhiwo zesithombe esakhiwe yilensi yeso zifana nezakhiwo zesithombe esakhiwe yilensi egobile.
– Iphuzu eliseduze leso elivamile noma ibanga eliseduze kakhulu elingabonakala ngokucacile ngamehlo lingu-25 cm. Amabhola amehlo mancane kakhulu kangangokuthi i-radius yokugoba kanye nobude obuqondile belensi yeso kuncane kuno-25 cm. Ngakho-ke kungaphethwa ngokuthi ibanga lento likhulu kunobude obuqondile.
– Uma ibanga lento likhulu kunobude obuqondile, khona-ke izakhiwo zesithombe esakhiwe yiso lomuntu ku-retina zingokoqobo, ziphendukezelwe, futhi zincane. Nakuba isithombe siphendukezelwe, ubuchopho buyasiphendula siqonde phezulu njengoba sibona.
Impendulo efanele ithi C.
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