1. Ubude obuqondile besibuko esijiyile buyi-10 cm kanti ibanga lento liyi-20 cm. Nquma (a) ibanga lesithombe (b) ukukhuliswa kwesithombe
Kwaziwa:
Ubude be-focal (f) = -10 cm
Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi indawo egxile esibukweni esijiyile ingokoqobo
Ibanga lento ( do o ) = 20 cm
Isixazululo:
Ukwakheka kwesithombe ngesibuko esigobile:
Ibanga lesithombe (di i ):
1/ di = 1/f – 1/ do o = -1/10 – 1/20 = -2/20 – 1/20 = -3/20
d i = -20/3 = -6.7 cm
Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe sibonakala nge-inthanethi.
Ukukhulisa isithombe:
m = – di i / do o = -(-6.7)/20 = 6.7/20 = 0.3
m = 0,3 isikhathi esincane kunento.
Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siphezulu.
2. Into ephakeme engamasentimitha ayi-10 ibekwa phambi kwesibuko esijiyile esinobude obuqondile obungamasentimitha angama-20. Nquma ukuphakama kwesithombe uma ibanga lento lingu-(a) 10 cm (b) 30 cm (c) 40 cm (d) 50 cm
Kwaziwa:
Ubude obuqondile besibuko esijiyile (f) = -20 cm
Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi indawo egxile kuyo ingokoqobo
Irediyasi yokugoba ( r ) = 2 f = 2(20) = 40 cm
Ukuphakama kwento (h) = 10 cm
Isixazululo:
a) ubude obuqondile (f) = -20 cm kanye nebanga lento (do o ) = 10 cm
Ibanga lesithombe (di i ) :
1/ di = 1/f – 1/ do o = -1/20 – 1/10 = -1/20 – 2/20 = -3/20
d i = -20/3 = -6.7
Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe sibonakala nge-inthanethi noma isithombe singemuva kwesibuko.
Ukwandiswa kwesithombe ( m ):
m = – di i / do o = -(-6.7)/10 = 6.7/10 = 0.67
Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siqondile.
Isithombe sincane ngo-0.67 kunento.
Ukuphakama kwesithombe (h i ):
m = h i / h o
h i = h o m = (10 cm)(0.67) = 6.7 cm
b) ubude bokugxila (f) = -20 cm kanye nebanga lento ( do o ) = 30 cm
Ibanga lesithombe ( di i ):
1/ di = 1/f – 1/ do o = -1/20 – 1/30 = -3/60 – 2/60 = -5/60
d i = -60/5 = -12
Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe sibonakala nge-inthanethi noma isithombe singemuva kwesibuko.
Ukwandiswa kwesithombe ( m ):
m = – di i / do o = -(-12)/30 = 12/30 = 0.4
Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siqondile.
Isithombe sincane ngokuphindwe ka-0,4 kunento.
Ukuphakama kwesithombe (h i ):
m = h i / h o
h i = h o m = (10 cm)(0.4) = 4 cm
c) Ubude be-focal (f) = -20 cm kanye nebanga lento ( do o ) = 40 cm
Ibanga lesithombe ( di i ):
1/ di = 1/f – 1/ do o = -1/20 – 1/40 = -2/40 – 1/40 = -3/40
d i = -40/3 = -13.3
Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe sibonakala nge-inthanethi noma isithombe singemuva kwesibuko esijiyile.
Ukwandiswa kwesithombe ( m ):
m = – di i / do o = -(-13.3)/40 = 13.3/40 = 0.3
Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siqondile.
Isithombe sincane ngo-0.3 kunento.
Ukuphakama kwesithombe ( h i ) :
m = h i / h o
h i = h o m = (10 cm)(0.3) = 3 cm
d) Ubude obuqondile (f) = -20 cm kanye nebanga lento ( do o ) = 50 cm
Ibanga lesithombe ( di i ):
1/ di = 1/f – 1/ do o = -1/20 – 1/50 = -5/100 – 2/100 = -7/100
d i = -100/7 = -14.3
Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe sibonakala nge-inthanethi noma isithombe singemuva kwesibuko esijiyile.
Ukwandiswa kwesithombe ( m ):
m = – di i / do o = -(-14.3)/50 = 14.3/50 = 0.3
Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siqondile.
Isithombe sincane ngo-0.3 kunento.
Ukuphakama kwesithombe (h i ) :
m = h i / h o
h i = h o m = (10 cm)(0.3) = 3 cm
3. Entweni ingu-20 cm phambi kwesibuko esijiyile . Uma ukuphakama kwesithombe kuphindwe ka-1/5 kunokuphakama kwento, nquma ( a) ubude besithombe b) ubude obuqondile c) izakhiwo zesithombe
Kwaziwa:
Ibanga lento ( do o ) = 20 cm
Ukuphakama kwesithombe (h i ) = 1/5 h = 0.2 h
Ukuphakama kwento (h) = h
Isixazululo:
a) ibanga lesithombe ( di i )
Ifomula yokukhulisa isithombe :
m = h i / h o = 0.2h / h = 0.2
Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siqondile.
Isithombe sincane ngo-0.2 kunento.
Ibanga lesithombe ( di i ):
– d i = md o
di i = – m do o = -(0.2)(20 cm) = -4 cm
Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe sibonakala nge-inthanethi noma isithombe singemuva kwesibuko esijiyile.
b) Ubude bokugxila ( f)
Ubude bokugxila (f):
1/f = 1/ do o + 1/ di = 1/20 – 1/4 = 1/20 – 5/20 = -4/20
f = -20/4 = -5 cm
Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi indawo egxile kuyo ingokoqobo.
c) Izakhiwo zesithombe:
– Okuqondile
– Okuncane
- okubonakalayo
4. Ukukhanya kushaya isibuko esijiyile esihambisana ne-axis kuzobonakala….
A. maqondana nendawo egxile esibukweni
B. njengoba usuka endaweni egxile esibukweni
C. phakathi nendawo yokugoba kwesibuko
D. iqonde ngqo endizeni yesibuko
Isixazululo
Inkinga idwetshwe esithombeni esingezansi.
Impendulo efanele ngu-B.
5. Umgibeli webhayisikili ubona isithombe sesithuthuthu ngemuva kwaso ngokuphindwe kayi-1/6 ngobukhulu baso bokuqala lapho ibanga eliphakathi komgibeli wesithuthuthu nesithuthuthu lingamamitha angu-30. Thola irediyasi yokugoba kwesibuko sokubuka sangemuva…
A. 7.14 m
B. 8.57 m
C. 12.00 m
D. 24.00 m
Kwaziwa:
Ukukhulisa isithombe (M) = 1/6 izikhathi
Ibanga lento (d) = amamitha angu-30
Okufunwayo: Irediyasi yokugoba kwesibuko sokubuka sangemuva (R)
Isixazululo:
Bala ibanga lesithombe (d')
Njengoba ukukhuliswa kwesithombe (M) kanye nebanga (ama) lento sekwaziwa, ibanga lesithombe lingaziwa kusetshenziswa ifomula yokukhuliswa kwesithombe:
Uphawu olunegethivu lusho ukuthi isithombe sibonakala nge-inthanethi. Isithombe singemuva kwesibuko esijijekile ngamamitha ama-5.
Bala ubude be-focal (f)
Njengoba ibanga lento (d) kanye nebanga lesithombe (d'), khona-ke ubude bokugxila bungabalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula yesibuko:
Irediyasi yokugoba (R)
Irediyasi yokugoba kwesibuko esijiyile iphindwe kabili kunobude obuqondile besibuko esijiyile.
R = 2 f = 2 (amamitha ayi-6) = amamitha ayi-12
Irediyasi yokugoba kwesibuko esijiyile ingamamitha ayi-12.
Impendulo efanele ithi C.
6. Isibuko esijiyile sikhethwa njengesibuko sokubuka ngemuva sesithuthuthu ngoba izakhiwo zesithombe esikhiqizwe yisibuko…
A. yangempela, eqondile, encishisiwe
B. yangempela, eqondile, ekhulisiwe
C. okubonakalayo, okuqondile, okuncishisiwe
D. ebonakalayo, eqondile, ekhulisiwe
Isixazululo:
Ngokusekelwe kulezi zithombe ezimbili ezingenhla kungaphethwa ngokuthi izakhiwo zesithombe zingokoqobo, ziqondile, zincishisiwe.
Impendulo efanele ithi C.
7. Into ingamasentimitha ayi-12 phambi kwesibuko esijiyile esinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-6. Izakhiwo zesithombe yilezi…
A. yangempela, eguquliwe ebangeni elingama-12 cm
B. yangempela, iqonde ebangeni elingama-4 cm
C. ebonakalayo, iqonde ebangeni elingama-2.4 cm
D. ebonakalayo, eguquliwe ebangeni elingamasentimitha angu-6
Kwaziwa:
Ibanga lento (d) = 12 cm
Irediyasi yesibuko esijiyile (r) = 6 cm.
Ubude obugxile besibuko esiqondile (f) = 6 cm / 2 = -3 cm
Ubude be-focal yesibuko esijiyile busayinwe bungemuhle ngoba buyi-virtual. I-Virtual ngoba ayidluliswa ukukhanya.
Okufunwayo: Izakhiwo zesithombe
Isixazululo:
Ibanga lesithombe (d'):
1/d' = 1/f – 1/d = -1/3 – 1/12 = -4/12 – 1/12 = -5/12
d' = -12/5 = -2.4 cm
Ibanga lesithombe elisayinwe njengelingevithi lisho ukuthi isithombe sibonakala nge-inthanethi.
Ukukhulisa isithombe (m):
m = -d' / d = -(-2.4) / 12 = 2.4 / 12 = izikhathi ezingu-0.2
Ukukhulisa isithombe esisayinwe kahle kusho ukuthi isithombe siqondile kanti ukukhulisa isithombe kungu-0.2 kusho ukuthi usayizi wesithombe mncane kunosayizi wento (oncishisiwe).
Impendulo efanele ithi C.
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