Ukuchazwa Kwezincazelo Zezincazelo ZikaHegel kanye Nenqubo Yomlando
I-Pendahuluan
Ifilosofi ivame ukubhekwa njengensimu engaqondakali enokuhlobana okuncane neqiniso lansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, omunye wezazi zefilosofi ezinkulu kunazo zonke, uGeorg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, waba negalelo elibalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi umlando wesintu ukhiwa kanjani ukungqubuzana kwemibono. I-dialectic kaHegel akuyona nje uchungechunge lwezinkolelo-mbono zefilosofi, kodwa futhi iyindlela engasisiza siqonde izinqubo zomlando ngokujulile. Lesi sihloko sizohlola umqondo kaHegel we-dialectic nokuthi uthonya kanjani umbono wethu ngomlando.
I-Dialectic kaHegel: Incazelo kanye Nemibono Eyisisekelo
I-Dialectics iyindlela yokuxoxisana esetshenziswa uHegel ukuze kufinyelelwe iqiniso, lapho imibono noma imiqondo ephikisanayo iqhathaniswa khona ukuze kuvezwe ukuqonda okuphelele. Esimweni se-Hegelian, i-dialectics ivame ukumelwa yizigaba ezintathu: i-thesis, i-antithesis, kanye ne-synthesis.
1. Ithisisi: Lona umbono wokuqala owethulwa, ovame ukuqashelwa futhi wamukelwe umphakathi.
2. Ukuphikisana: Lona umbono obonakala njengokwenqatshwa noma umehluko kumqondo. Ukuphikisana kudala ukuphikisana noma ukungqubuzana nemqondo.
3. Ukuhlanganiswa: Lokhu kuyisisombululo sengxabano phakathi kwe-thesis kanye ne-antithesis, okuholela emqondweni omusha ohlanganisa izinto ezinhle kakhulu zombili.
Ngokusho kukaHegel, umlando wesintu uqhubeka ngale nqubo yokukhuluma, lapho ukungqubuzana phakathi kwemibono kungadala intuthuko kanye nokuguquka kwemicabango.
I-Dialectics kaHegel eNqubweni Yomlando
UHegel wayekholelwa ukuthi umlando awuyona nje iqoqo lezenzakalo ezingahleliwe, kodwa kunalokho kukhona Isizathu noma Ubuhlakani obuqondisa indlela yawo. KuHegel, umlando unencazelo nenjongo , akubona njengokuthuthukiswa koMoya Ophelele.
Inqubo yomlando, ngokusho kukaHegel, iwukuzambulela koMoya Ophelele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Wayibona njengenqubo yokukhuluma lapho isigaba ngasinye somlando siqukethe ingxabano exazululwa ngokuhlanganiswa, okube sekuba yisisekelo sethisisi entsha. Lo mjikelezo uyaziphinda, uholela isintu emazingeni aphezulu okuqaphela kanye nenkululeko.
Izigaba Zomlando Embonweni KaHegel
UHegel wahlukanisa umlando waba yizinkathi eziningana ezinkulu ezibonisa izigaba ezahlukene zokuthuthukiswa komqondo womuntu:
1. IMpumalanga Yasendulo: UHegel wayebheka umlando womhlaba njengoqala eMpumalanga, okuhlanganisa iGibhithe, iNdiya, neShayina. Kulesi sigaba, umuntu oyedwa kuphela—inkosi noma umbusi—owayekhululekile ngempela, kuyilapho uquqaba luphila ngaphansi kokubusa.
2. Izwe lamaGreki namaRoma: Lesi sikhathi sabona intuthuko ezingeni lenkululeko, lapho abantu abaningi babenelungelo lokuzibandakanya empilweni yezepolitiki. Kodwa-ke, inkululeko isalinganiselwe ezigabeni ezithile zomphakathi.
3. Umhlaba WamaKristu WaseJalimane NaseYurophu: UHegel wabheka lesi sikhathi njengomphumela wokuthuthukiswa kokuqonda komuntu. Ngokombono kaHegel, ubuKristu baletha umqondo obanzi wenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye futhi kwakuyisigaba esithuthuke kakhulu emlandweni wesintu kuze kube manje.
I-Dialectics Yomlando Emicimbini Yangempela
UHegel unikeza izibonelo ezahlukahlukene zendlela i-dialectics esebenza ngayo ezinqubweni zomlando zangempela. Isibonelo esisodwa yizehlakalo ezizungeze iNguquko YaseFrance.
1. Ithisisi: Ubukhosi obuphelele kanye nokunganeliseki okukhulu.
2. Ukuphikisana: Uguquko kanye nokugumbuqelwa kobukhosi.
3. Ukuhlanganiswa: Ukuvela kweRiphabhulikhi kamuva eyaba uMbuso ngaphansi kukaNapoleon.
Yile nqubo, ngokusho kukaHegel, ebonisa ukuthi ukungqubuzana okuvela ekunganeliseki ngohlelo olukhona kungadala uhlobo olusha noluthuthuke kakhulu lohlelo oluhlanganisa izinto ezibalulekile zethisisi kanye nokuphikisana.
Ukugxekwa kanye nethonya le-Dialectics kaHegel
Naphezu kokunconywa kwayo, indlela kaHegel yokukhuluma ayikaze igweme ukugxekwa. Ezinye zezigxeko eziyinhloko zifaka:
1. Ukuzinqumela Komlando: Abanye abagxeki basola uHegel ngokubuka umlando ngendlela eqinisekile kakhulu, njengokungathi yonke isenzakalo somlando kufanele senzeke ngendlela ethile.
2. I-Eurocentrism: UHegel wasolwa ngokugxila kakhulu emlandweni waseYurophu njengengqophamlando yentuthuko yabantu, kuyilapho engayinaki noma edelela iminikelo yamanye amasiko.
Kodwa-ke, ithonya le-dialectic kaHegel lalibanzi futhi lijulile. Phakathi kwabantu ababaluleke kakhulu abathonywe yi-dialectic kaHegel kwakukhona uKarl Marx , owazivumelanisa futhi wakha kabusha lo mqondo ukuze adale izinto ezibonakalayo ze-dialectic, indlela yokuqonda umlando njengokungqubuzana kwezigaba zomphakathi.
Ukubaluleka Kwe-Dialectics KaHegel Enkathini Yanamuhla
I-dialectic kaHegel inikeza indlela yokucabanga enamandla ekuchazeni izehlakalo zomlando kanye nezingxabano zenhlalo nezepolitiki. Isibonelo, esimweni sanamuhla, singabona i-dialectic empini ephakathi kobungxowankulu kanye nobusoshiyali, noma empikiswaneni phakathi kokuhlanganiswa komhlaba kanye nokuvikela.
Ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-dialectical, singaqonda ukuthi ingxabano akuyona nje into okufanele igwenywe kodwa ingaba yimbangela yoshintsho olukhulu emphakathini. Inqubo ye-dialectical isivumela ukuthi singagxili nje kuphela empikiswaneni kanye nokwehluka kwayo kodwa futhi nasezixazululweni ezingaba khona ezingavela kulokhu kungezwani.
Isiphetho
I-dialectic kaHegel ingenye yemiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kodwa ewusizo kwifilosofi, ikakhulukazi ekuqondeni umlando. Ngokubuka umlando njengochungechunge lwezimpi eziqhubekayo phakathi kwemibono nokubuka ingxabano ngayinye njengethuba lentuthuko, i-dialectic kaHegel inikeza umbono onethemba kodwa ongokoqobo ngentuthuko yabantu.
Naphezu kokugxekwa kwe-determinism yakhe kanye ne-Eurocentrism, ithonya likaHegel belilokhu lisakazeke futhi lihlala isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yefilosofi yezenhlalo kanye nenkolelo-mbono yezepolitiki. Enkathini yanamuhla yezingxabano noshintsho, indlela kaHegel yokukhuluma ngendlela ehlukile isasebenza njengethuluzi lokuhlaziya lokuqonda ukuguquguquka komlando kanye nokwezenhlalo.
Sekukonke, i-dialectic kaHegel isinikeza uhlaka olunamandla lokuqonda ukuthi umlando awuyona into eqanjiwe engahleliwe, kodwa inqubo enengqondo nenenjongo, eqhutshwa ukuthuthukiswa kwemibono eya enkululekweni nasekuqondeni okuphakeme.
