Izitshalo Zikagesi Zikadizili Kugesi
I-Diesel Power Plant (PLTD) uhlobo lwesitshalo samandla esisebenzisa injini yedizili njengomshayeli oyinhloko wejeneretha ukukhiqiza ugesi. Nakuba ukuthambekela kwamanje ekuthuthukisweni kwesitshalo samandla kuhamba kufinyelele emandleni avuselelekayo kanye negesi ehlanzekile, ama-PLTD asadlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lukagesi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude nasezindaweni zaseziqhingini, kanye nanjengabakhiqizi abasekelayo ukuze balondoloze ukuphakelwa kukagesi okuthembekile.
Ukuqonda kanye Nezimiso Zokusebenza Zezitshalo Zikagesi Zikadizili
Kalula nje, isitshalo sikagesi sikadizili (i-PLTD) siyisitshalo sikagesi esiguqula amandla amakhemikhali kusuka kuphethiloli (ngokuvamile uwoyela kadizili, i-HSD, noma i-MDO) sibe amandla kagesi . Inqubo iqala ngokushiswa kukaphethiloli enjinini kadizili. Lokhu kushiswa kukhiqiza amandla okushisa aqhuba amapiston phezulu naphansi. Ukunyakaza komshini kwamapiston kube sekushintshwa kube ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Lokhu kushintshwa kudluliselwa kujeneretha (i-alternator) ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla kagesi.
Ohlelweni lukagesi, ugesi ovela kujeneretha we-PLTD uvame ukudlula kuphaneli yokulawula kanye nohlelo lokuvikela kuqala, bese i-voltage ikhuliswa nge-transformer (uma kudingeka) ngaphambi kokuba isatshalaliswe kunethiwekhi yokusabalalisa noma isetshenziswe ngqo ngumthwalo.
Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zezitshalo Zikagesi Zikadizili
I-PLTD yakhiwe yizingxenye eziningana ezisekelanayo ukuze ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kusebenze kahle nangokuphepha.
1. Injini yedizili
Izinjini zikadizili ziwumthombo oyinhloko wamandla omshini. Imininingwane yazo inqunywa yizidingo zamandla (kW noma MW), ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuthembeka. Izinjini zikadizili zokuphehla ugesi ngokuvamile zisebenza nge-rpm engaguquki ukuze zigcine imvamisa kagesi eqinile (50 Hz e-Indonesia).
2. Ijeneretha/i-alternator
Amajeneretha aguqula amandla omshini abe amandla kagesi. Ikhwalithi yejeneretha ithinta ukuzinza kwamandla kagesi, ikhono lokusingatha izinguquko zomthwalo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwesitshalo.
3. Uhlelo lwephethiloli
Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa ithangi lokugcina izinto, iphampu, isihlungi, amapayipi, kanye nama-injector. Kumelwe luqinisekise ukutholakala kukaphethiloli okuhlanzekile nokungaguquguquki ukuze kushiswe ngokuphelele futhi kuncishiswe ingozi yokulimala kwenjini.
4. Uhlelo lokupholisa
Izinjini zikadizili zikhiqiza ukushisa okuphezulu, ngakho-ke zidinga uhlelo lokupholisa (i-radiator, ijakethi yamanzi, i-heat exchanger) ukuze zigcine izinga lokushisa elifanele lokusebenza.
5. Uhlelo lokugcoba
Uwoyela wokugcoba ugcina izingxenye ezinyakazayo zingenakho ukungqubuzana, unciphisa ukushisa, futhi wandise impilo yenjini. Lolu hlelo lufakwe ipompo kawoyela kanye nesihlungi.
6. Uhlelo lokungenisa kanye nokukhipha ugesi
Umoya uyadingeka ukuze kushiswe. Ngasohlangothini lokukhipha umoya, amagesi okukhipha umoya ngokuvamile adlula ohlelweni lokuvala umsindo noma uhlelo lokudambisa umsindo. Izitshalo zamandla zanamuhla zingase zihlanganise izinhlelo zokulawula ukukhishwa komoya.
7. Iphaneli yokulawula nokuvikela
Imisebenzi yokulawula ukusebenza (ukuqala/ukumisa), ukuqapha amapharamitha (i-voltage, i-current, imvamisa, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi kawoyela), kanye nokuvikela ukuphazamiseka okufana ne-overcurrent, i-overvoltage, kanye nokushisa ngokweqile.
Indima Yezitshalo Zikagesi Zikadizili Ohlelweni Lukagesi
Nakuba kungesona isinqumo esiyinhloko sezitshalo zikagesi ezinkulu ngenxa yezindleko zazo zokusebenza eziphakeme, izitshalo zikagesi zikadizili zisalokhu ziyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yamandla kagesi.
1. Umhlinzeki kagesi ezindaweni ezikude
Iziqhingi eziningi ezincane noma izindawo ezinezintaba azikwazi ukufinyelela kumanethiwekhi amakhulu okudlulisa ugesi. Izitshalo ezisebenzisa udizili (ama-PLTD) zinikeza ikhambi ngoba zingakhiwa ngokushesha futhi azidingi ingqalasizinda eyinkimbinkimbi.
2. Isitshalo esikhula phezulu
I-PLTD iyakwazi ukufinyelela izimo zokusebenza ezigcwele ngesikhathi esifushane kunezinjini zomusiNgakho-ke, izitshalo zikagesi zikadizili zingasetshenziswa ukumboza izidingo zikagesi ngesikhathi somthwalo omkhulu.
3. Isipele sesistimu kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo
Izitshalo ezisebenzisa udizili zisetshenziswa kabanzi njengabakhiqizi bezimo eziphuthumayo ezibhedlela, ezikhungweni zedatha, ezikhumulweni zezindiza, nakwezinye izikhungo ezibalulekile. Uma ukunikezwa kwegridi eyinhloko kuphazamiseka, izitshalo ezisebenzisa udizili zingathatha izintambo ngokushesha.
4. Isiqinisi sesistimu (ukusekelwa kwegridi) sesilinganiso esithile
Ezinhlelweni ezihlukanisiwe noma kumanethiwekhi amancane, amajeneretha kadizili adlala indima ekugcineni ukuzinza kwemvamisa kanye nogesi. Kwezinye izimo, amajeneretha kadizili ahlanganiswa abakhiqizi bamandla avuselelekayo (i-hybrid) ukuze kwandiswe ukuthembeka.
Izinzuzo Zezitshalo Zikagesi Zikadizili
Izitshalo zikagesi zikadizili zinezinzuzo eziningana ezenza zigcinwe futhi zisetshenziswe ezimweni ezahlukene.
– Isikhathi sokwakha esifushane kakhulu: Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PLTU noma i-PLTA, ukwakhiwa kwe-PLTD kuyashesha ngenxa yemishini ye-modular kanye nokucushwa okulula.
– Impendulo eguquguqukayo nesheshayo: Ukuqala okusheshayo, okufanelekela imithwalo ephezulu kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo.
– Ifanelekela izikali ezincane kuya kweziphakathi: Ingahlinzeka ngezidingo zikagesi zasemakhaya, izimboni ezincane, ngisho namadolobhana amancane.
– Kulula ukuhambisa noma ukwandisa umthamo: I-PLTD ngesimo esifakwe esitsheni noma esihlanganisiwe ingasuswa njengoba kudingeka.
Izinkinga kanye nezinselele zezitshalo zikagesi zikadizili
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iziteshi zikagesi zikadizili nazo zinobuthakathaka obuye bakhuthaza amazwe amaningi ukuthi anciphise ukuthembela kwawo ezitimeleni zikagesi ezisebenzisa udizili.
– Izindleko zikaphethiloli eziphezulu: Ukusetshenziswa kukadizili kukhulu impela, ngakho-ke izindleko zokukhiqiza nge-kWh ngayinye zibiza kakhulu kunegesi, amalahle, noma amandla avuselelekayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
– Ukukhishwa kwegesi kanye nokungcola: Ukushiswa kwedizili kukhiqiza i-CO₂, i-NOx, i-SOx, kanye nezinhlayiya. Lena yinkinga ebalulekile kwinqubomgomo yezemvelo.
– Ukuthembela ekuthuthweni kukaphethiloli: Izindawo ezikude zivame ukubhekana nezinkinga ngokusatshalaliswa kukaphethiloli, okwenza imisebenzi ye-PLTD iphazamiseke.
– Umsindo nokudlidliza: Izinjini zikadizili zikhiqiza umsindo nokudlidliza okudingeka kuxazululwe ngokunciphisa kahle umswakama kanye nomklamo wesisekelo.
– Ukulungiswa okuvamile okujulile: Izinjini zikadizili zidinga ukulungiswa okuvamile njengokushintsha uwoyela, izihlungi, ukuhlolwa kwama-injector, kanye nokulungiswa kwenjini.
Imizamo Yokuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kahle Nokusebenza Kahle
Ukusebenza kahle kwesiteshi sikadizili kuthonywa yikhwalithi yenjini, izimo zokusebenza, kanye nokugcinwa kwayo. Izinjini zikadizili zesimanje zingaba nokusebenza kahle kokushisa okuhle, kodwa zisahlushwa ukonga uphethiloli okubi lapho uphethiloli ubiza kakhulu. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza, ezinye izinyathelo ezivamile zifaka:
– Ukugcinwa kokuvimbela okuhlelekile ukuze kushe ngokuphelele futhi kusetshenziswe kahle uphethiloli.
- Ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lokulawula oluzenzakalelayo ukulawula umthwalo ofanele, kunciphisa ukusebenza komthwalo ophansi ochithayo.
– Ukuqaliswa kohlelo oluhlanganisiwe olunezitshalo zamandla elanga (i-PLTS) noma amabhethri. Kulolu hlelo, i-PLTD isebenza kuphela uma kudingeka, inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi.
- Ikhwalithi kaphethiloli ethuthukisiwe kanye nokuhlunga ukuvimbela ukulimala kwezingxenye nokugcina ukusebenza kahle.
Izitshalo Zikagesi Zikadizili Esikhathini Esizayo Sikagesi
Ikusasa lezitshalo zikagesi zikadizili (ama-PLTD) cishe lizoshintshela endimeni ekhethiwe kakhulu. Ezinhlelweni eziningi zikagesi zanamuhla, izitshalo zikagesi zikadizili aziseyona umgogodla wokuhlinzekwa kukagesi, kodwa kunalokho zisebenza njengezitshalo zikagesi ezisekelayo: izipele, izindlela zokuvikela ukuthembeka, kanye nezixazululo ezisheshayo zezifunda ezingakakulungeli ingqalasizinda yamandla eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ushintsho lwamandla luphinde luqhube ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokulawula ukukhishwa kwegesi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha ahlukile, njenge-biodiesel noma izingxube zikaphethiloli ezinobungani nemvelo.
Kodwa-ke, e-Indonesia, ngezindawo zayo ezinkulu ze-archipelago, iziteshi zikagesi zikadizili zisabalulekile. Iziqhingi eziningi zidinga iziteshi zikagesi ezilula ukuzisebenzisa nezithembekile. Inselele iwukuthi unganciphisa kanjani izindleko zokusebenza kanye nomthelela emvelweni, isibonelo ngokuhlanganisa iziteshi zikagesi zikadizili namandla avuselelekayo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini, kanye nokuqinisa ukuphathwa kwempahla kaphethiloli.
I-Penutup
Izitshalo zikagesi zikadizili ziwubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ugesi obusenesikhathi eside futhi ziye zabonakala zithembekile ezimweni eziningi. Izitshalo zikagesi zikadizili ziyaphumelela ngokwezinga lokuguquguquka, ukwakhiwa okulula, kanye nekhono lokuphendula ngokushesha ezinguqukweni zomthwalo. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zikaphethiloli, ukukhishwa kwegesi, kanye nezidingo zokulungisa eziqinile kuyinselele enkulu. Kusukela manje, izitshalo zikagesi zikadizili cishe zizohlala zidingeka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude kanye nezitshalo zikagesi ezisekelayo, kodwa zinendima ehlanganisiwe kakhulu ohlelweni lukagesi lukazwelonke, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile nobusebenza kahle.
