Chinyorwa pamusoro pemutemo waCoulomb
Muchinyorwa pamusoro pechaji yemagetsi nemarudzi echaji yemagetsi akatsanangura kuti chaji dzakafanana dzinodzingana asi kusiyana nechaji dzinokwezvana. Nemamwe mashoko, zvinhu zvakachajiswa zvakanaka zvinokwezva zvinhu zvakachajiswa zvakaipa, zvinhu zvakachajiswa zvakanaka zvinodzinga zvinhu zvakachajiswa zvakanaka, uye zvinhu zvakachajiswa zvakaipa zvinodzinga zvinhu zvakachajiswa zvakaipa. Chiitiko ichi chinoratidza kuvapo kwemasimba emagetsi anoshanda pazvinhu zvakachajiswa zvakanaka nezvinhu zvakachajiswa zvakaipa. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinopesvedzera simba remagetsi pakati pezvinhu zvakachajiswa magetsi?
Nyanzvi yefizikisi yekuFrance Charles Coulomb (1736-1806) akaita ongororo dzakawanda muma1780 kuti aongorore zvinhu zvinokanganisa hukuru hwesimba remagetsi pakati pezvinhu zvine magetsi. Mudziyo unoshandiswa naCoulomb wakafanana nemudziyo unoshandiswa naCavendish kuti aongorore simba regiravhiti, rinonzi torsion balance. Coulomb akaongorora simba remagetsi, saka akashandisa mabhora maviri esimbi ane magetsi, ukuwo Cavendish akaongorora simba regiravhiti, saka akashandisa mabhora maviri ane huremu asina magetsi.
Zvinhu zvinokanganisa simba remagetsi
Zvichibva pakuedza kwakaitwa uchishandisa torsion balance, Coulomb akawana zvinhu zvakati wandei.
– Mukuyedza uku, daro riri pakati pemabhora maviri akasimba rinogara rakafanana. Kana huwandu hwechaji yemagetsi pabhora rakasimba 1 huri 1, uye huwandu hwechaji yemagetsi pabhora rakasimba 2 huri 1, ipapo simba remagetsi rinoshanda pamabhora ese akasimba i1.
chibereko chehukuru hwechaji pane imwe, Q 1 , chinopeta hukuru hwechaji pane imwe, Q 2 (F ≈ q 1 q 2 ).
– Mukuyedza uku, huwandu hwezvinotsvagwa pamabhora ese akasimba hunogara hwakafanana. Kana daro riri pakati pemabhora maviri akasimba riri rimwe chete, saka simba remagetsi rinoshanda pamabhora ese akasimba i1. Kana daro riri pakati pemabhora maviri akasimba riri maviri, saka simba remagetsi rinoshanda pamabhora ese akasimba i¼. Coulomb akagumisa kuti hukuru hwesimba remagetsi rinoshanda pamabhora ese akasimba hwakaenzana nechikwere chedaro (F ≈ 1 / r 2 )
Mutemo weCoulomb
Mutemo waCoulomb ndeimwe yemitemo yefizikisi inotsanangura hukama huripo pakati pesimba remagetsi, simba remagetsi uye daro riri pakati pesimba remagetsi. Mutemo uyu wakagadzirwa zvichibva pakuedza kwakaitwa naCoulomb sezvakatsanangurwa munyaya yapfuura.
Mutemo waCoulomb unoti hukuru hwesimba rinoitwa nechinhu chine simba remagetsi kune chimwe chinhu chine simba remagetsi hwakaenzana zvakananga.
Chibereko chekuwanda, kubhadhariswa kwezvikamu zviviri uye zvakaenzana nechikamu chedaro riri pakati pezvikamu zviviri. Simba iri rinoshanda pamwe chete nemutsetse wakatwasuka unobatanidza zvikamu zviviri. Zvikamu zvine machaji akafanana zvinodzingana, nepo zvikamu zvine machaji akasiyana zvichikwezvana.
Mutemo waCoulomb unogona kuratidzwa mu masvomhu equations:
F 12 = simba remagetsi riri pakati pechikamu 1 nechikamu 2
q 1 = huwandu hwemagetsi echaji yechikamu 1
q 2 = huwandu hwemagetsi echaji yechikamu 2
r 12 = daro riri pakati pechikamu 1 nechikamu 2
F 21 isimba rinoitwa nechaji yeq 2 pachaji yeq 1 , nepo F 12 iri simba rinoitwa nechaji yeq 1 pachaji yeq 2. F 21 naF 12 zvinodyidzana kana mhando dzechaji dzeq 1 naq 2 dzisina kufanana, uye dzinokwezvana kana mhando dzechaji dzeq 1 naq 2 dzisina kufanana.
F 21 naF 12 dzine hukuru hwakafanana, mativi akasiyana uye dzinoshanda pazvinhu zvakasiyana, saka masimba ese aya maviri imapoka maviri emasimba ekuita-kuita.
