Nzira dzekurapa Malocclusion
Kusashanda zvakanaka kwemazino chirwere chinouraya mazino (malocclusion) chirwere chinokonzerwa nekusashanda zvakanaka kwemazino epamusoro nepazasi kana muromo wakavharwa. Mukurapa mazino, kusashanda zvakanaka kwemazino hakusi kungori dambudziko rerunako chete; kunogonawo kukanganisa kutsenga, kutaura, kuchena kwemuromo, uye kunyange hutano hwemajoini e temporomandibular (TMJ). Vanhu vazhinji vanongoziva nezvekusashanda zvakanaka kwemazino kana mazino avo akaita seakamanikana, akabuda, kana kuti shaya dzavo dzisinganzwi zvakanaka. Zvisinei, kusashanda zvakanaka kwemazino kunogona kubva pakuva kudiki kusvika pakuva kwakanyanya, uye kurapwa kunoenderana nechikonzero, zera remurwere, mamiriro enyama dzinotsigira, uye zvinangwa zvekurapa.
Kazhinji, zvikonzero zve malocclusion zvinosiyana, kubva kuzvinhu zvemajini (chimiro cheshaya nehukuru hwezino), tsika dzakaipa (kusveta chigunwe, kusunda rurimi, kufema muromo), kurasikirwa nezino nguva isati yakwana, kuonda kusina kurapwa, uye kukuvara. Nekuti zvikonzero zvacho zvakawanda, hapana nzira imwe chete yekurapa. Pazasi pane nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurapa malocclusion, pamwe chete nemisimboti yadzo nepfungwa dzadzo.
1. Kuongororwa uye Kuongororwa Sehwaro hweKurapwa
Vasati vasarudza nzira yekurapa, chiremba wemazino kana chiremba wemazino achaita ongororo yakakwana. Ongororo iyi inowanzo sanganisira ongororo yekiriniki (nzvimbo yemazino, hukama hweshaya, chimiro chechiso), x-rays (panoramic uye cephalometric), mifananidzo yemukati memuromo nekunze kwemuromo, uye mamodheru emazino kana digital scans (intraoral scanner). Kubva pane izvi, malocclusion inorongwa, semuenzaniso, zvichibva pakurongwa kwaAngle (Kirasi I, II, III), mwero wekuzara, kuvapo kwekurumwa kwakachinjika, kuruma kwakavhurika, kana kuruma kwakadzama.
Kuongororwa kwakarurama kwakakosha nekuti varwere vaviri vane "mazino akabudikira" vangada kurapwa kwakasiyana zvikuru. Vamwe vanogona kungogadziriswa nesimbi dzesimbi, vamwe vangada kubviswa, uye vamwe vangada kugadziriswa kwenzvimbo yeshaya kuburikidza nekuvhiyiwa.
2. Kutarisirwa kwekudzivirira uye kuvharirwa kwevana
Muvana, mamwe masero asina kuvharika anogona kudzivirirwa kana kuderedzwa kuomarara kuburikidza nekudzivirira uye kuvhiyiwa kwemazino. Chinangwa ndechekutungamira kukura kweshaya uye kudzivirira matambudziko kuti asanyanya kuipa.
Dzimwe nzira dzakajairika dzinosanganisira:
– Kudzora tsika dzakaipa: kurega kuyamwa chigunwe, kushandisa pacifier kwenguva refu, kana kusunda rurimi. Dzimwe nguva zvishandiso zvakaita sezvinokanganisa tsika zvinodiwa.
– Muchengeti wemazino: Kana mazino emwana akarasika nguva isati yakwana, nzvimbo yacho inogona kutetepa zvoita kuti mazino echigarire akure zvakasimba. Muchengeti wemazino anobatsira kuchengetedza nzvimbo yemazino echigarire.
– Kukura kweshaya: kana paine shaya yepamusoro yakatetepa (inowanzo kukonzera kurumwa), chiremba anogona kushandisa mudziyo wekuwedzera kuti awedzere zvishoma nezvishoma muromo weshaya.
Kupindira nekukurumidza kunowanzo buritsa mhedzisiro yakanaka nekuti mapfupa achiri kukura uye ari nyore kutungamira pane kuvanhu vakuru.
3. Midziyo Inobviswa
Midziyo inobviswa imidziyo yekubvisa madonhwe inogona kubviswa yodzoserwa pairi nemurwere. Mienzaniso inosanganisira maplate akareruka ekubvisa madonhwe, mimwe midziyo yekuwedzera, uye mamwe marudzi ezvibatiso zvinoshanda. Zvakanakira zvemidziyo inobviswa ndezvekuchena nyore uye kunyaradzwa mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Zvisinei, kushanda kwayo kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekutevedzera kukurudzirwa kwekushandiswa kwemudziyo uyu nemurwere.
Midziyo inobviswa inowanzo shandiswa pakurapa mazino ari pakati nepakati, kunyanya kuvana nevechiri kuyaruka, semuenzaniso, kugadzirisa maburi matete kana kufamba kwemazino kwakaganhurirwa. Kana mazino asina kuvharika, midziyo isina kuvharika inowanzo shanda zvakanyanya.
4. Mabhureki (Mudziyo Wakagadziriswa weMaziso)
Mabraces, kana kuti mabraces emazino, ndiyo nzira inozivikanwa zvikuru yekururamisa mazino uye kugadzirisa kurumwa. Mabraces anoshanda nekushandisa simba rinodzorwa kuburikidza nemabrackets, archways, uye zvishandiso zvakaita se elastic bands. Mabraces anogona kugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana-siyana, akadai semazino akazara, maburi, kutenderera kwezino, kurumwa kwakadzika, uye kurumwa kwakadzika, pamwe nekugadzirisa hukama hweshaya (kunyanya idzo dzine mazino, kwete mapfupa chete).
Mhando dzakajairika dzemabraces:
– Zvishongedzo zvesimbi zvemazuva ose: zvakasimba, zvinoshanda, uye zvakachipa zvishoma.
– Zvishongo zvesimbi: ruvara rwacho rwakafanana nemazino saka anotaridzika zvakanaka, asi anogona kusimba uye anoda kutarisirwa zvakanyanya.
– Zvibatiso zvinozvisunga: kushandisa nzira yakakosha yekukiya, mune dzimwe nguva kunogona kuderedza kukweshana uye kuita kuti kudzora kuve nyore, kunyangwe mhedzisiro yekupedzisira ichiri kuenderana nehurongwa hwekurapa.
Hurefu hwekurapwa kwezvisungo zvinosungirirwa hunowanzosiyana, kazhinji makore 1-3 zvichienderana nekuoma kwazvakaita. Mushure mekunge zvisungo zvabviswa, varwere vanofanira kupfeka chibatiso chekuchengetedza kuti mhedzisiro irambe yakasimba.
5. Zvigadziriso Zvakajeka
Ma "clear aligners" ndiwo ma "molds" epurasitiki akajeka anoshandiswa kufambisa mazino zvishoma nezvishoma. Nzira iyi inozivikanwa nekuti hainyanyi kuonekwa uye inogona kubviswa paunenge uchidya kana kukwesha mazino.
Mabhenefiti e aligners:
- Runako uye runyararo kune varwere vazhinji
- Zvinoita kuti kuchena kwemuromo kuve nyore
– Kazhinji kacho kukuvara kushoma kwenyama yakapfava
Miganhu yealigners:
- Zvinonyanya kuenderana nekutevedzera mitemo (kazhinji zvinofanirwa kupfekwa maawa 20-22 pazuva)
– Haasi ese mabhokisi akaomarara akakodzera, kunyanya ayo anoda kudzora midzi yakaoma kana kugadziriswa zvakanyanya kwekuruma.
- Mari dzechikoro dzinowanzo kukwira
Ma "aligners" anogona kushanda zvakanaka kune vanhu vane hunyoro kusvika pakati nepakati, uye mune dzimwe nguva dzakaoma anogona kushandiswa nezvimwe zvinosungirirwa uye ma "elastics", sezvakaongororwa nachiremba.
6. Kubviswa Kwemazino Sechikamu cheUrongwa hweMazino
Kana mazino akamanikana zvakanyanya kana kubuda pachena (mazino ari mberi zvakanyanya) asina nzvimbo yakakwana yekukombama, chiremba wemazino anogona kukurudzira kubviswa kwemazino mamwe (kazhinji premolars) kuti pave nenzvimbo yekuenderana uye chimiro chechiso chinoenderana. Sarudzo yekubvisa mazino haisi yekureruka; chiremba wemazino anofunga nezverunako rwechiso, mashandiro ekurumwa, hutano hwemazino, uye kugadzikana kwenguva refu.
Kusiyana neizvi, mune dzimwe nguva, nzvimbo inogona kudiwa kuburikidza nekuwedzera kana mamwe maitiro, pane kubvisa. Saka, zvirongwa zvekurapa zvinofanirwa kunge zvakagadzirwa nemunhu wega.
7. Kurapa Mafupa Eshaya (Midziyo Inoshanda)
Munguva yekukura, kusawirirana kwemajaya kunokonzerwa nekusawirirana kwemajaya (semuenzaniso, jaya rezasi rakarembera zvakanyanya muClass II) rinogona kugadziriswa nemidziyo inoshanda. Midziyo iyi inovavarira kugadzirisa kukura kwemajaya, kwete kungofambisa mazino chete.
Mienzaniso yenheyo:
- Kusundidzira shaya yepazasi mberi mune dzimwe nguva
- Kutungamira kukura kweshaya yepamusoro kana kudzora maitiro emuromo
Kubudirira kwayo kunoenderana zvikuru nenguva inoshandiswa (kukura nekukurumidza), kutevedzera zvinodiwa, uye kuoma kwedambudziko remapfupa.
8. Kuvhiyiwa kweOrthognathic kweMarocclusion Akanyanya eMaskeletal
Kana dambudziko guru riri dambudziko guru rekushaya shaya kana saizi (skeletal)—semuenzaniso, shaya yepazasi yakabudikira (Class III yakanyanya), kusawirirana kwechiso, kana kurumwa nemapfupa—kurapa kwakakodzera kunogona kusanganisira kuvhiyiwa kwe orthognathic. Maitiro aya anowanzo batanidzwa ne orthodontics isati yaitwa uye yaitwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuti mazino agadziriswe uye ave nechokwadi chekuti anoruma zvakanaka.
Kuvhiyiwa kwemapfupa emapfupa hakusi sarudzo yekutanga yemunhu wese, asi kunogona kuvandudza mashandiro ekutsenga, kugara zvakanaka kwekurumwa, runako rwechiso, uye kunyange hunhu hwekufema mune dzimwe nguva. Maitiro aya anoda kuronga nekungwarira, kuongororwa kwehutano kwakazara, uye kuzvipira kwemurwere kuchirongwa chekurapa.
9. Kutarisira Kunotsigira: Kurapa Kwemazino, Kugadzirisa, uye Kuchengeta Mazino
Kurapa kweMalocclusion kunowanzoda nzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Muvarwere vakuru, matambudziko emazino (periodontal) anofanira kugadziriswa kuitira kuti mazino afambe zvakanaka. Maburi, kusazadza mazino zvakanaka, kana kuti mazino asipo zvinogonawo kudiwa kugadziriswa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mushure mekurapwa kwe orthodontic, kugadziriswa (veneers, crowns, bonding) kunogona kudiwa kugadzirisa chimiro chemazino kana kuvhara mipata midiki.
Danho rakakoshawo kuchengetedza mazino, zvinoreva kuchengetedza mazino ari panzvimbo yawo kuitira kuti asazochinja zvakare.
– Chinobviswa chinobatirira (Hawley kana kuti chakacheneswa)
– Chinochengetedza chakasimba (waya yakatetepa iri kuseri kwemazino epamberi)
Kupfeka retainer yako sezvakarairwa kwakakosha kuti urambe uine mhedzisiro kwenguva refu.
Mhedziso
Nzira dzekurapa chirwere chemalocclusion dzinosiyana-siyana, kubva pakudzivirira vana, midziyo inobviswa, mabraces, clear aligners, planned extractions, functional midziyo, uye kunyange musanganiswa we orthodontics uye orthognathic surgery kune vane skeletal skeletal cases. Hapana nzira imwe chete yakanakira munhu wese. Sarudzo yakanakisa yekurapa inosarudzwa nekuongorora kwakarurama, zera nekukura, kuomarara, hutano hwemazino nemazino, uye runako rwemurwere uye zvinangwa zvekushanda.
Kana uchifungidzira kuti une chirwere chekuvharika kwemazino—sekunge mazino akazadzwa, kuoma kutsenga, kurwadziwa kweshaya nguva nenguva, kana kuruma kunonzwa sekunge "kwakasiyana"—nzira yakanakisisa yekuita ndeyekubvunza chiremba wemazino kana chiremba wemazino. Nekuongorora kwakakodzera, chirongwa chekurapa chakachengeteka uye chinoshanda chinogona kugadzirwa, zvichikonzera kunyemwerera kwakanaka uye mashandiro ekurumwa ari nani.
