Migumisiro yeNikotini paMwoyo
Nicotine chinhu chinonzi alkaloid chinozivikanwa zvikuru sechinhu chikuru chinopinda muropa mufodya dzakadai sefodya, fodya, uye fodya yekutsenga, pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita se e-cigarettes (vapes) uye nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Kunyangwe ichinyanya kutaurwa nezvemigumisiro yayo inopinda muropa, nicotine inewo mhedzisiro yakakura mumuviri—kunyanya pamwoyo, iyo inosanganisira moyo netsinga dzeropa. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora mashandiro anoita nicotine mumuviri, shanduko dzainokonzera kumoyo netsinga dzeropa, uye mhedzisiro yenguva pfupi uye refu pahutano.
Nikotini uye mashandiro ayo mumuviri
Mushure mekufemerwa neutsi hwefodya kana vape aerosol, nicotine inonyudzwa nekukurumidza kuburikidza nemapapu uye muropa. Mumasekonzi mashoma, nicotine inosvika muuropi uye inosunga kune nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Kusunga uku kunokonzera kuburitswa kwema neurotransmitters akati wandei, kusanganisira dopamine (iyo inowedzera manzwiro e "mufaro" uye inotungamira mukupindwa muropa), pamwe nekushanda kwe sympathetic nervous system - chikamu che autonomic nervous system ine basa re "kurwa kana kutiza".
Kushanda kwetsinga dzeropa dzinobatsira muviri kunowedzera kuburitswa kwema catecholamines akadai se adrenaline ne noradrenaline. Apa ndipo panotanga migumisiro yakawanda ye nicotine patsinga dzemwoyo: kuwedzera kwekurova kwemoyo, kuwedzera kweBP, kuvharika kwetsinga dzeropa, uye kuwedzera kwebasa remwoyo.
Migumisiro ye nicotine pamoyo
Munguva pfupi, nicotine inokonzera kuwedzera kwekurova kwemoyo (tachycardia) uye kusimba kwemoyo (simba remwoyo rinopomba). Izvi zvinoita kuti moyo ushande nesimba kuti ugutse zvinodiwa nemuviri, kunyangwe izvi zvisingawanzowedzerwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kudiwa kweokisijeni mumoyo (kudiwa kweokisijeni mumoyo) kunowedzerawo.
Matambudziko anomuka kana kudiwa kweokisijeni kuchiwedzera asi kupiwa kweropa mutsandanyama yemwoyo kuchiderera. Nicotine inogona kukonzera kuvharika kweropa, kutetepa kwetsinga dzeropa, kusanganisira tsinga dzemwoyo dzinopa okisijeni kumoyo. Kusanganiswa uku kwekuwedzera kudiwa kweropa uye kuderera kweropa kunogona kukonzera kurwadziwa muchipfuva (angina) muvanhu vane chirwere chemwoyo chemwoyo chakagara chiripo uye zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yezviitiko zvakakomba mumapoka evanhu vasina kuchengetedzeka.
Nikotini neBP
Nikotini inozivikanwa nekuwedzera BP kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana:
1. Kukurudzira tsinga dzinonzwa tsitsi: kuburitswa kweadrenaline kunowedzera kuramba kwetsinga dzeropa.
2. Kuvharwa kweropa zvakananga: mitsipa yeropa yakatetepa zvekuti kumanikidzwa kunowedzera.
3. Kuchinja kwemitemo yetsinga dzeropa: nicotine inogona kukanganisa mashandiro e endothelial, iyo iri mukati metsinga dzeropa iyo inoita basa rekutonga kupararira nekudzikama.
Kune vanoshandisa mishonga nguva dzose, migumisiro yekuwedzera kweropa inogona kuitika kakawanda mukati mezuva, zvichienderana nekuti vanhu vari kunwa mishonga iyi sei. Kuwedzera uku kweropa kunowedzera kushushikana kwenguva refu pamadziro etsinga dzeropa, kukurumidzisa kukuvara kwetsinga dzeropa, uye kunowedzera njodzi yeBP mune vamwe vanhu.
Kusashanda zvakanaka kweEndothelial uye atherosclerosis
Endothelium idenderedzwa rakatetepa rinofukidza mukati metsinga dzeropa. Rinoburitsa zvinhu zvakaita se nitric oxide (NO), iyo inobatsira mitsinga dzeropa kuzorora uye kuchengetedza kufamba kweropa kwakanyatsonaka. Nicotine uye kusangana nezvinwiwa zvefodya zvinogona kuderedza kuwanikwa kweNO, zvichikonzera kusagadzikana kwe endothelial. Kusashanda zvakanaka kwe endothelial ndeimwe yedanho rekutanga mukukura kwe atherosclerosis—kuunganidzwa kwemafuta akawandisa uye kuzvimba mumadziro etsinga.
Kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zvinhu zviri muutsi hwefodya (semuenzaniso, carbon monoxide, tar, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzera kushushikana) zvichiita basa guru mukuwedzera kwe atherosclerosis, nicotine ichiri kufungidzirwa kuti inobatsira kuburikidza nekuwedzera kwe oxidative stress, kuzvimba, uye kuchinja kwetsinga dzeropa. Nekufamba kwenguva, atherosclerosis inogona kutungamira kuchirwere chemwoyo, ischemic stroke, uye chirwere che peripheral artery.
Mhedzisiro yenicotine pakugwamba kweropa
Sisitimu yemwoyo haisi yekungoshanda kwemwoyo netsinga dzeropa chete, asiwo "kusimba" uye katsika kekugwamba kweropa. Nicotine inogona kuwedzera kushanda kweplatelet, chikamu cheropa chinoita kuti ropa rigwambe. Kuwedzera kushanda kweplatelet kunogona kuita kuti ropa rigwambe (thrombi) riwedzere, kunyanya kana madziro etsinga dzeropa atove akakanganiswa neatherosclerotic plaque.
Munyaya iyi, ropa rakagwamba rinogona kuvhara tsinga yemoyo uye kukonzera kurwara kwemoyo, kana kuvhara tsinga yeropa muuropi uye kukonzera sitiroko. Njodzi yezviitiko izvi zvakanyanya inowedzera kana paine zvimwe zvinhu, zvakaita seBP, chirwere cheshuga, cholesterol yakakwira, uye nhoroondo yemhuri yechirwere chemwoyo.
Arrhythmia uye matambudziko emwoyo
Nekuti inokanganisa system yetsinga dzinozvitonga, nicotine inogona kukonzera shanduko mumutinhimira wemoyo. Kuwedzera kwenzwi retsitsi kunogona kuwedzera katsika kekunzwa kurova kwemoyo uye, mune vamwe vanhu vane mukana wekutadza kushanda zvakanaka, kunogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kwemoyo. Kunyange hazvo vasiri vese vanoshandisa vachasangana nekusagadzikana kwemutinhimira kwakakosha, muvarwere vane chirwere chemwoyo, kusagadzikana kwe electrolyte, kana kuti vane mukana wekusagadzikana kwemoyo, kukurudzira nicotine kunogona kuva chimwe chinhu chinokonzera.
Nikotini, fodya dzemagetsi, uye zvigadzirwa zvinotsiva nikotini
Zvakakosha kusiyanisa nicotine sechinhu chimwe chete kubva pamigumisiro yefodya dzechinyakare. Utsi hwefodya hune zviuru zvemakemikari, mazhinji acho ane chepfu uye anokonzera kenza, saka kukuvara kwemwoyo nekusvuta hakungokonzerwa nenicotine chete. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvichiri kumutsa mibvunzo yakakosha.
– Fodya dzemagetsi (vapes): dzinowanzo buritsa nicotine isina kupiswa nefodya, zvichikonzera kusanyanya kubatwa necarbon monoxide netar. Zvisinei, nicotine iri muvapes inogona kuwedzera kurova kwemoyo neBP, uye aerosol inogona kutakura zvinhu zvinogumbura kana zvidimbu zvidiki zvinogona kukuvadza mitsipa yeropa.
– NRT (nicotine gum, mapechi, marozenji): yakagadzirirwa kupa dose rakasimba renicotine rine peak yakaderera pane fodya. Kazhinji, NRT inoonekwa seyakachengeteka pane kusvuta, kunyanya semushonga wekurega kusvuta. Zvisinei, kune vanhu vane mamwe matambudziko emwoyo, kushandiswa kwayo kunofanira kutarisirwa nenyanzvi yehutano.
Kukanganisa kwechirwere chemwoyo muvanhu
Panyaya dzezvirwere, kusvuta kunobatanidzwa zvakanyanya nenjodzi yakakura yechirwere chemwoyo, sitiroko, uye chirwere chetsinga dzeropa. Nicotine ine basa guru mumhedzisiro yeropa (kumhanya kweropa nekumanikidzwa), kuwedzera kwesimba retsinga, uye pamwe inokanganisa maplatelet ne endothelium. Zvisinei, migumisiro yakabatana yechepfu dzakasiyana-siyana dzefodya ndiyo inoita kuti kusvuta kuve nengozi kumwoyo netsinga dzeropa.
Chinokoshawo kusimbiswa ndechekuti "muyero wemushonga uye nguva yaunosvuta." Kugara uchinwa nicotine kwemakore akawanda—kunyanya kana ikasanganiswa nezvimwe zvikamu zvefodya—kune mhedzisiro inowedzera patsinga dzeropa. Njodzi inowedzera nenhamba yefodya dzinosvuta pazuva uye nguva yaunosvuta.
Mhedziso
Nikotini inokanganisa hurongwa hwemwoyo kuburikidza nekushanda kwehurongwa hwetsinga dzinonzwa, izvo zvinowedzera kurova kwemoyo neBP, zvinokonzera kuvharwa kweropa, kuwedzera kudiwa kweokisijeni mumoyo, uye zvinogona kukonzera kusashanda zvakanaka kwe endothelium, kushanda kwemaplatelet, uye kusagadzikana kwemoyo. Kunyangwe nicotine isiriyo chete inokonzera kukuvara kwemwoyo muvanoputa, mushonga uyu uchiri nemhedzisiro yakakosha, kunyanya kune vanhu vane njodzi kana chirwere chemwoyo chagara chiripo.
Nzira yakanakisisa yekuchengetedza hutano hwemwoyo ndeyekudzivirira kusangana nefodya. Kune avo vanoda kurega, nzira dzakadai sekupa mazano, rutsigiro rwemaitiro, uye, kana zvichidikanwa, nicotine replacement therapy kana mishonga chaiyo inogona kubatsira—zvichida kana paine rutsigiro rwenyanzvi yehutano, kunyanya kana paine nhoroondo yechirwere chemwoyo.
Kana muchida, ndinogona kugadzirisa chinyorwa ichi kuti chienderane nezvamunoda—semuenzaniso, nzira yakakurumbira yemablog, shanduro yedzidzo ine zvirevo, kana kutarisa zvakanyanya pakushandisa vaping vs. fodya dzechinyakare.
