Kudyidzana pakati peEndocrine neNervous Systems
Pendauluan
Muviri wemunhu muchina wezvinhu zvipenyu wakaoma uye wakabatana, uko masisitimu akawanda anoshanda pamwe chete kuchengetedza homeostasis, kana kuenzana kwemukati. Masisitimu maviri akakosha uye anoshanda pamwe chete ndiwo masisitimu eendocrine netsinga. Ose anoita basa rakakosha mukudzora mashandiro emuviri, kubva pakukura nekukura kusvika pakugadzirwa kwemetabolism uye kupindura kwekushushikana. Chinyorwa chino chinangwa chekuongorora kuti masisitimu maviri aya anoshanda sei, kunzwisisa nzira dzawo dzekutaurirana, uye kuongorora mienzaniso chaiyo yekubatana uye kubatana pakati pemasisitimu eendocrine netsinga.
Sisitimu yeEndocrine: Nhanganyaya
Sisitimu yeendocrine ine magland anogadzira nekuburitsa mahormone muropa. Mahormone aya anoshanda semakemikari anotungamira mabasa akasiyana-siyana emuviri. Magland makuru eendocrine anosanganisira pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries (muvakadzi), uye testes (muvarume). Mienzaniso yemahormone anogadzirwa nesystem yeendocrine anosanganisira insulin, adrenaline, uye mahormone epabonde akadai seestrogen netestosterone.
Sisitimu Yetsinga: Nhanganyaya
Sisitimu yetsinga ine network yakaoma kwazvo yema neuron, ayo anotumira masaini emagetsi nemakemikari mumuviri wese. Sisitimu yetsinga inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: sisitimu yetsinga huru (uropi nemusana) uye sisitimu yetsinga yeperipheral (tsinga dzese dziri kunze kwesisitimu yetsinga huru). Basa guru resisitimu yetsinga nderekugamuchira ruzivo rwekunzwa kubva kune nharaunda, kugadzirisa ruzivo irworwo, uye kutumira mhinduro dzakakodzera kumhasuru nenhengo dzemuviri.
Ukama Huri Pakati PeEndocrine NeNervous Systems
Kunyangwe zvichisiyana mukushanda kwadzo uye mhando dzemashoko adzinotumira (makemikari ehurongwa hwe endocrine uye magetsi ehurongwa hwetsinga), masisitimu maviri aya akabatana zvakanyanya uye anoshanda pamwe chete kuchengetedza kuenzana kwemuviri. Heano mamwe maitiro aanoita:
1. Hypothalamus nePituitary: Nzvimbo Dzekubatanidza
Imwe yemienzaniso yakajeka yekudyidzana pakati pe endocrine ne nervous systems ihukama huripo pakati pe hypothalamus ne pituitary gland, inowanzonzi "master gland." Hypothalamus chikamu cheuropi chinobatanidza tsinga ne endocrine systems kuburikidza ne pituitary gland. Hypothalamus inogadzira mahormone anoburitsa uye anodzivisa anokanganisa mashandiro e pituitary. Pituitary, zvakare, inoburitsa mahormone anodzora mashandiro emamwe ma endocrine glands akasiyana-siyana mumuviri. Semuenzaniso, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) inogadzirwa ne pituitary inokurudzira adrenal glands kuti igadzire cortisol, hormone inokosha mukupindura kwekushushikana.
2. Mhinduro yeKushushikana: HPA Axis uye Sisitimu Yetsinga Inonzwira Tsitsi
Mhinduro yemuviri pakushushikana ndeimwe muenzaniso wekuti endocrine netsinga zvinogovana sei mutoro. Kana munhu akatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu anonetsa, uropi hunozviona senjodzi uye hunomutsa hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Hypothalamus inoburitsa corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), iyo inozokonzera pituitary kuburitsa ACTH. ACTH inokurudzira adrenal glands kuburitsa cortisol, hormone inobatsira muviri kudzora kushushikana.
Panguva imwe chete, sisitimu yetsinga inosundwawo, zvichikonzera kuburitswa kweadrenaline kubva muadrenal medulla. Adrenaline inoshanda nekukurumidza kuwedzera kurova kwemoyo, BP, uye kufamba kweropa mutsandanyama, zvichipa muviri kugona kupindura "pakurwa kana kutiza."
3. Kudzora Kushanda Kwemuviri: Hypothyroidism uye Hyperthyroidism
Kushanda zvakanaka kwemuviri kunokonzerwawo nekushandira pamwe pakati petsinga nehurongwa hweendocrine. Semuenzaniso, kuburitswa kwemahormone ethyroid (T3 neT4) kunodzorwa nehormone inokurudzira thyroid (TSH) kubva mugland repituitary, iyo inodzorwa nehormone inoderedza thyrotropin (TRH) kubva muhypothalamus. Saka, kudzora mahormone ethyroid, ayo anokanganisa chiyero chemuviri che metabolic, imhedzisiro yekudyidzana pakati pezviratidzo zve neural ne hormone.
4. Zviratidzo zveKunzwa uye zveMahomoni muKugaya
Sisitimu yetsinga dzemukati medumbu, inowanzonzi "uropi hwechipiri" hwemuviri wemunhu, inodzora mashandiro ekugaya chikafu kuburikidza nemasaini anobva kumahormone emudumbu. Semuenzaniso, mahormone akadai seghrelin neleptin anoita basa rekudzora chishuwo chekudya uye kushandiswa kwesimba. Ghrelin, inogadzirwa nedumbu, inotumira masaini kuuropi kuti ikurumidzise nzara. Kune rumwe rutivi, leptin, inogadzirwa nemasero emafuta (adipocytes), inotumira masaini kuuropi kuti idzvinyirire chishuwo chekudya uye kuwedzera kushandiswa kwesimba.
5. Kukura uye Kukura: Mahormone Ekukura uye Sisitimu Yetsinga
Kukura nekukura kwemuviri zvinokonzerwawo nekushanda pamwe chete kwemasero eropa netsinga. Growth hormone (GH), inogadzirwa nepituitary gland, inodzora kukura kwemapfupa netsandanyama. Kuburitswa kweGH kunotangwa negrowth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) kubva muhypothalamus, iyo inokonzera kuti pituitary ibudise GH. Kuburitswa kweGH kunokonzerwawo nezvinhu zvakaita sekurara, kushushikana, uye kurovedza muviri, zvese izvi zvinodzorwa netsinga.
Kupindira Kwezvekurapa uye Matambudziko Ekuenzanisa
Kusawirirana pakati pema endocrine netsinga kunogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana uye mamiriro ehutano. Semuenzaniso, hypothyroidism (kushomeka kwehormone ye thyroid) kunogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakaita sekuneta, kuwedzera uremu, uye kuora mwoyo. Kusiyana neizvi, hyperthyroidism (yakawandisa hormone ye thyroid) inogona kukonzera kudzikira kwehuremu, kuzvidya mwoyo, uye kudedera. Kuongororwa kwakakodzera uye kupindira kwechiremba, kazhinji kunosanganisira mativi akasiyana-siyana, zvinodiwa kugadzirisa matambudziko aya.
Kurapa zvirwere zvinosanganisira endocrine uye tsinga kunowanzoda nzira yakazara inotarisa zvese zviri zviviri. Mishonga yemahormone, yakadai se thyroxine ye hypothyroidism, kana hormone replacement therapy, inovavarira kudzoreredza kuenzana kwemahormone, nepo psychotherapy kana nzira dzekugadzirisa kushushikana dzichigona kubatsira kudzora tsinga dzechirwere ichi.
Mhedziso
Kudyidzana pakati pehurongwa hweendocrine netsinga hunoratidza kuomarara uye runako rwemuviri wemunhu. Kuburikidza nekutaurirana kwakaoma uye kwakabatana, hurongwa uhu hunoshanda pamwe chete kuchengetedza kuenzana kwemuviri, kudzora mabasa akakosha, uye kupindura kumamiriro ezvinhu anochinja. Ruzivo rwemaitiro aya nekudyidzana kwakakosha kwete chete pakunzwisisa kwakakosha kwehupenyu hwevanhu asiwo pakukura kwenzira dzekurapa dzinoshanda zvakanyanya dzezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana nezvirwere. Kufarira uku mashandiro anoita miviri yedu padanho rakadzama kudaro kunoramba kuchikurudzira masayendisiti nevarapi kuti vaongorore zvakadzama uye vatsvage nzira itsva dzekuvandudza hupenyu hwevanhu.
