Mhedzisiro yeHypothyroidism paMetabolism
Hypothyroidism chirwere apo thyroid gland haigadzi mahormone ethyroid akakwana kuti agutse zvinodiwa nemuviri. Mahormone ethyroid—kunyanya thyroxine (T4) uye triiodothyronine (T3)—anoita basa guru mukudzora metabolism, maitiro emuviri ekushandura chikafu kuita simba uye "zvinhu zvakagadziriswa" zvekukura nekugadzira masero. Nokudaro, kana kugadzirwa kwehormone yethyroid kwaderera, inenge muviri wese unokanganiswa. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura kuti hypothyroidism inokanganisa sei metabolism nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana: kushandiswa kwesimba, huremu hwemuviri, metabolism yemafuta nemakabhohaidhiretsi, tembiricha yemuviri, uye kunyange mashandiro enhengo.
Basa remahormone ethyroid mukugadzirisa metabolism
Kazhinji, mahormone ethyroid anoshanda se "anotonga kumhanya" kwemasero emuviri. Active T3 padanho renyama inowedzera basal metabolic rate (BMR), simba rinodiwa nemuviri kuti uite mabasa ekutanga akadai sekufema, kuchengetedza kutenderera kweropa, uye kuchengetedza tembiricha yemuviri wakazorora. Mahormone ethyroid anokanganisawo mashandiro e mitochondria (mafekitori esimba emasero), kuwedzera kushandiswa kweokisijeni nekugadzirwa kwekupisa (thermogenesis). Uyezve, mahormone aya anodzora kugadzirwa kweprotein nekuputsika kwayo, metabolism yemafuta, uye mashandisiro anoita muviri glucose.
Kana hormone yethyroid ikasakwana, muviri unowanzo "dzikira." Kudzikira uku hakungonzwikwi sekuneta chete, asi kunoratidzwawo nekuchinja kunoyerwa muzvikamu zvemuviri, zvakaita sekudzikira kweBMR, kuchinja kwemafuta mumuviri, uye kusashanda zvakanaka kweshuga muropa.
Kuderera kwehuwandu hwemetabolism uye kukanganisa kwayo simba
Chimwe chezvikonzero zvinowanzoita kuti munhu anzwe kushushikana kwepfungwa (hypothyroidism) kudzikira kweBMR. Nekuda kweizvozvo, muviri unopisa macalorie mashoma pawakazorora. Kuderedzwa kwekushandiswa kwesimba uku kunogona kukonzera kuti muviri uchengetedze simba semafuta zviri nyore, kunyanya kana kudya macalorie kusingaderedzi.
Pakurapa, vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanowanzo nyunyuta nezvekuneta, hope, kuneta, uye basa "rakawanda". Izvi hazvisi kungokonzera kukurudzirwa chete; pakurapa, kugadzirwa kwesimba uye kushandiswa kweokisijeni munyama zvinoderera. Uyezve, hypothyroidism inogona kuderedza kurova kwemoyo uye kuderedza kugona kwemoyo, zvichikonzera kupararira kweokisijeni nezvinovaka muviri munyama zvisina kunaka. Kusanganiswa kwezvinhu izvi kunoita kuti simba ridzikire.
Kuwedzera huremu: hazvisi nyore sekuti "thyroid inokuita kuti ufute"
Hypothyroidism inowanzobatanidzwa nekuwedzera uremu. Zvechokwadi, kudzikira kwehuwandu hwemasero emuviri (basal metabolic rate) kunowanzoita kuti uremu huwedzere. Zvisinei, muchokwadi, kuwedzera uremu mu hypothyroidism kunowanzova kushoma pane zvaitarisirwa. Kuwedzera uremu kunogona kukonzerwa nekuchengetedza mvura (kuunganidzwa kwemvura) nekuda kwekuchinja kwemetabolism ye connective tissue uye kuwedzera kwe mucopolysaccharide components mumatishu (semuenzaniso, mu myxedema). Saka, kana thyroid hormone therapy ikapihwa, kumwe kuderedza uremu kurasikirwa nemvura, kwete kurasikirwa nemafuta chete.
Zvisinei, nekufamba kwenguva, kana hypothyroidism ikasarapwa, kuderedzwa kwesimba rekushandisa uye kuderedzwa kwekurovedza muviri nekuda kwekuneta zvinogona kukonzera kuwedzera mafuta mumuviri. Saka, kudzora uremu mu hypothyroidism zvakanaka zvinosanganisira kugadziriswa kwemahormone, kugadziriswa kwekudya, uye kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwekurovedza muviri sezvinobvumidzwa.
Kugayiwa kwemafuta: cholesterol ne triglycerides zvinogona kuwedzera
Mahormone ethyroid ane simba guru pakuchinja kwemafuta mumuviri. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, mahormone ethyroid anobatsira kuwedzera kuputsika kwecholesterol uye kuwedzera huwandu hwemareceptor eLDL muchiropa, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti LDL ("yakaipa") ibviswe muropa. Mu hypothyroidism, maitiro aya anokanganiswa: mareceptor eLDL anoderedzwa uye kubviswa kweLDL kunodzikira. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mazinga eLDL necholesterol yese anowanzo kuwedzera.
Kuwedzera kuLDL, vamwe varwere vanowanawo triglycerides yakakwira, kunyange zvazvo mhinduro yacho inogona kusiyana. Kuwanda kwemafuta aya kwakakosha nekuti kunobatanidzwa nenjodzi yenguva refu yezvirwere zvemwoyo. Nokudaro, bvunzo dzekushanda kwethyroid dzinowanzo kuve chikamu chekuongorora varwere vane cholesterol yakakwira nguva dzose.
Kurapa ne levothyroxine ne hypothyroidism kunowanzo batsira kuvandudza huwandu hwemafuta mumuviri, kunyange hazvo vamwe vanhu vachiri kuda mamwe maitiro akadai sekudya, kurovedza muviri, kana mishonga yekuderedza mafuta mumuviri sezvinokurudzirwa nachiremba.
Kugayiwa kwemakabhohaidhiretsi: kunzwisiswa kwe insulin uye shuga yeropa
Mahormone ethyroid anokanganisawo mashandiro anoita muviri makabhohaidhiretsi. Mu hypothyroidism, kutorwa kweglucose kubva muura kunogona kunonoka, uye kugadzirwa kweglucose nechiropa (gluconeogenesis) kunogona kuderedzwa. Uyezve, shanduko mukugadzirwa kwemuviri, kudzikira kwekushanda kwemuviri, uye mhedzisiro pamatishu ekunze zvinogona kukanganisa kunzwa kwe insulin.
Mune vamwe vanhu, hypothyroidism inogona kusanganiswa nekusakwanisa insulin, kunyanya kana ichiperekedzwa nekuwedzera uremu. Zvisinei, chimiro cheglucose metabolism chinogona kusiyana: vamwe vanhu vanowanzoita hypoglycemia isina kusimba nekuda kwekudzikira kwekugadzirwa kweglucose, nepo vamwe vachiomerwa nekudzora shuga yavo muropa kana vaine zvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi dzakadai sekufutisa kana chirwere cheshuga. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hypothyroidism inogona kusangana nezvimwe zvirwere zvemetabolic, saka kuongororwa kwakakwana kuchiri kudiwa.
Mapuroteni metabolism: kunonoka kwekuchinja uye mhedzisiro pamhasuru
Mahormone ethyroid anokanganisa kugadzirwa uye kuputsika kwemapuroteni. Mu hypothyroidism, kuchinja kwemapuroteni kunononoka. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kushaya simba kwetsandanyama, kurwadziwa, uye kurwadziwa kunogara kuripo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, ma enzymes etsandanyama (akadai seCK) anogona kukwira nekuda kwekuchinja kwemetabolism yetsandanyama. Tsandanyama dzinogona kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, kunyanya kana kurovedza muviri kukadzikira. Kudzikira uku kwetsandanyama kunobatsirawo kudzikira kweBMR, sezvo tsandanyama iri nyama inoda simba rakawanda.
Nekurapwa kwakakodzera, kuchema kwetsandanyama kunowanzovandudzika, kunyange zvazvo kupora kunogona kuitika zvishoma nezvishoma. Musanganiswa wekurapwa kwemahormone uye kurovedza muviri kwakareruka kusvika pakati nepakati kunowanzo batsira kudzorera mashandiro emuviri wetsandanyama.
Thermogenesis uye tembiricha yemuviri: inotonhora zviri nyore
Kunzwa kutonhora nyore nyore chiratidzo che hypothyroidism. Izvi zvine chekuita nekudzikira kwe thermogenesis—kukwanisa kwemuviri kugadzira kupisa. Mahormone e thyroid anowedzera kushanda kwemitochondrial uye "kupisa" kwesimba rinoburitsa kupisa. Kana mahormone akadzikira, kugadzirwa kwekupisa kunoderera, kuyerera kweropa kunogona kuchinja, uye ganda rinogona kunzwa kutonhora. Nekuti metabolism inononoka, muviri unowanawo nguva yakaoma yekugadzirisa tembiricha yakaderera.
Nzira yekugaya chikafu: metabolism inoderera kubva mukati
Hypothyroidism inogona kunonoka kufamba kwemudumbu, zvichikonzera kuvimbiwa. Kudzikira uku hakusi nyaya yekunyaradzwa chete asi kunogonawo kukanganisa maitiro ekudya uye kunwa zvinovaka muviri. Mune vamwe vanhu, kuguta nekukurumidza kana kuzvimba kunogona kuchinja kudya kwezuva nezuva, saka kuronga kudya kunofanirwa kugadziriswa zvichienderana nezviratidzo.
Zvinokonzera hutano hwemetabolism kwenguva refu
Kana ikasarapwa, hypothyroidism inogona kukonzera chirwere chemetabolic syndrome kuburikidza nekusanganiswa kwekuwedzera uremu, cholesterol yakakwira yeLDL, shanduko mu triglycerides, uye kudzikira kwekurovedza muviri. Njodzi yechirwere chemwoyo inogona kuwedzera, kunyanya mu hypothyroidism inoratidzwa. Nokudaro, kuongororwa uye kurapwa kwakakosha kwete chete kuderedza zviratidzo asiwo kuderedza njodzi yezvinetso zvenguva refu.
Kuongororwa kunowanzo sanganisira kuyerwa kweTSH neT4 isina kuvharwa. TSH yakawanda neT4 isina kuvharwa inoratidza primary hypothyroidism. Mushure mekuongororwa, mushonga wekutanga kutsiva mahormone nelevothyroxine, uye mushonga wacho uchigadziriswa uye uchiongororwa nguva nenguva. Kuvandudzwa kwemetabolism hakuwanzoitika pakarepo; zvimwe zvinhu zvinovandudzika mukati memavhiki, nepo zvimwe (zvakaita semafuta nemuviri) zvinogona kutora nguva yakareba.
Mhedziso
Hypothyroidism inokanganisa metabolism zvakanyanya nekuti mahormone ethyroid ndiwo anotungamira kushandiswa kwesimba uye mashandiro emasero. Migumisiro yayo inosanganisira kudzikira kwehuwandu hwe metabolism, katsika kekuwedzera uremu (kazhinji kacho pamwe nekuchengetedza mvura), kuwedzera kwecholesterol, kunyanya LDL, shanduko mukudzora shuga muropa uye kunzwa kwe insulin, kunonoka kwe metabolism yetsandanyama neprotein, kudzikira kwe thermogenesis zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwengozi yekubatwa nechando, uye kusagadzikana kwekufamba kwemudumbu senge kuvimbiwa. Nekuongororwa kwakakodzera uye kurapwa nguva dzose kwe hormone, mhedzisiro yakawanda ye metabolism ye hypothyroidism inogona kudzoserwa shure kana kuti kuvandudzika zvakanyanya, nokudaro ichideredza hupenyu uye njodzi yezvinetso zvenguva refu.
Kana muchida, ndinogona kugadzirisa chinyorwa ichi kuti chienderane nebasa rechikoro/koreji (semuenzaniso, kuwedzera zvirevo, hurongwa hwesainzi, kana shanduro yakaoma yemazwi chiuru ine huwandu hwemazwi hwakarurama).
