Basa rePepsin Enzyme muKudya kweProtein
Kugaya mapuroteni inzira yakakosha mukugaya kwemuviri wemunhu nekuti inoita basa guru mukuumbwa nekugadzirisa kwenyama, kuumbwa kwema enzyme nemahormone, uye kuchengetedza masoja emuviri. Kuti muviri ushandise mapuroteni ekudya, anofanira kupatsanurwa kuita mamorekuru ari nyore, kunyanya ma peptide uye pakupedzisira ma amino acids. Maitiro aya ekugaya anosanganisira nhengo dzakasiyana siyana nema enzymes ekugaya, rimwe rawo riri pepsin. Pepsin inozivikanwa se enzyme huru mudumbu, ichitanga kugaya mapuroteni. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura mashandiro e pepsin mukugaya mapuroteni, mashandiro ayo, mamiriro akanaka, uye hukama hwayo nemamwe ma enzymes ekugaya.
Chii chinonzi pepsin enzyme?
Pepsin ienzyme yekugaya inogadzirwa nedumbu, kunyanya nemasero makuru ari mudumbu. Zvisinei, pepsin haigadzirwe pakarepo muchimiro chayo chinoshanda. Dumbu rinogadzira pepsin muchimiro chisingashande chinonzi pepsinogen. Iyi inzira yekudzivirira nekuti pepsin inoshanda inogona kukuvadza nyama yedumbu kana ikaburitswa isingadzoreki. Pepsinogen inobva yaiswa mupepsin kana yaiswa munzvimbo ine acid mudumbu.
Kushanda kwePepsinogen kunokonzerwa nehydrochloric acid (HCl) inogadzirwa nemasero emudumbu. HCl inoderedza pH yemudumbu, zvichiita kuti pave nenzvimbo ine acid yakawanda, yakakodzera kushanda kwepepsin. Uyezve, mamwe mapepsin anoshandiswa anogonawo kubatsira kumhanyisa mamwe mapepsinogens kuburikidza ne autocatalytic mechanism (chain activation).
Basa guru repepsin: kutanga kugaya mapuroteni
Basa guru re enzyme inonzi pepsin nderekuputsa mapuroteni akaomarara kuita zvidimbu zvidiki, zvinoti ma polypeptides nema peptides. Danho iri rakakosha nekuti mapuroteni anodyiwa kubva muchikafu anowanzova muchimiro chemamorekuru makuru, akapetwa (chimiro chepamusoro). Mamorekuru aya makuru, akaomarara haagone kunyudzwa zvakananga muura. Nokudaro, kugaya mapuroteni kunofanira kutanga mudumbu kuti zvive nyore kuenderera mberi nekugadzirwa muura hudiki.
Pepsin inoshanda nekutyora ma peptide bonds mumapuroteni, kunyanya ayo ane aromatic amino acids akadai se phenylalanine, tyrosine, uye tryptophan. Nekuda kweizvozvo, puroteni refu pakutanga inoputswa kuita macheni mapfupi. Kunyangwe pepsin isati yagadzira huwandu hwakawanda hweamino acids, iyi enzyme inoshanda se "pavement" yemamwe ma enzymes, zvichibvumira kuputswa kwemapuroteni kunoshanda zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvinotevera.
Hukama huripo pakati pepepsin ne gastric acid (HCl)
Pepsin haishande yoga. Kushanda kwayo kunoenderana zvikuru nekuvapo kweHCl. Asidhi yemudumbu inoita mabasa matatu akakosha ane chekuita nebasa repepsin:
1. Shandisa pepsinogen kuita pepsin
Pasina mamiriro ezvinhu ane acidity, pepsinogen haishanduki kuita pepsin, saka kugaya mapuroteni mudumbu hakuna kunaka.
2. Inogadzira pH yakakwana kuti pepsin ishande
Pepsin inoshanda zvakanyanya pa pH iri pakati pe1,5–2,5, inova mamiriro e acidic zvakanyanya. Sezvo pH ichikwira zvakanyanya kupfuura neutral, pepsin activity inoderera zvakanyanya.
3. Kuderedza mapuroteni echikafu
Asidhi yemudumbu inobatsira kuvhura chimiro cheprotein (denaturation), kuitira kuti peptide bonds ive nyore kuti pepsin isvike uye icheke.
Saka, HCl nepepsin zvinodyidzana mukutanga kugaya mapuroteni mudumbu.
Danho rekushanda kwepepsin mudumbu
Mushure mekunge chikafu chapinda mudumbu, maitiro ekupwanyika kwemapuroteni anoitika mumatanho akati wandei:
1. Chikafu chakasanganiswa nemvura yemudumbu
Kufamba kwedumbu kunokanganisa chikafu neHCl nema enzymes.
2. Mapuroteni anoshanduka kuva echisikigo
Maumbirwo emapuroteni akaomarara anotanga "kuvhurika" nekuda kwenzvimbo ine acid.
3. Pepsin inocheka macheni emapuroteni
Pepsin inoputsa mapuroteni kuita ma polypeptide mapfupi.
4. Chime inoumbwa
Chikafu chakasanganiswa nechakagayiwa zvishoma chinova mukanyiwa wakakora unonzi chyme, uyo unozoburitswa zvishoma nezvishoma muura hudiki.
Kunyange zvazvo kugaya mapuroteni kuchitanga mudumbu, maitiro mazhinji ekuputsa mapuroteni kuita maamino acids anoitika muura hudiki nerubatsiro rwemaenzyme epancreas nemaenzyme ari mumadziro edumbu.
Pepsin ichienzaniswa nemamwe ma enzymes ekugaya mapuroteni
Kugayiwa kwemapuroteni kunosanganisira ma enzymes akati wandei ane mabasa akasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana:
– Pepsin (dumbu): inoputsa mapuroteni kuita mapeptide madiki munzvimbo ine acidic.
– Trypsin ne chymotrypsin (pancreas, inoshanda muura hudiki): zvinoramba zvichiparara ma polypeptide kuita ma peptide mapfupi.
– Carboxypeptidase (pancreas): inocheka maamino acids kubva kumagumo e peptide chain.
– Peptidase yemudumbu (muganho wemabhurashi): inoshandura mapeptide madiki kuita maamino acids, dipeptides, kana tripeptides kuti inyudzwe.
Kubva mukuenzanisa uku, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti pepsin ine basa muchikamu chekutanga uye inova hwaro hwechikamu chinotevera kuti chifambe zvakanaka.
Mamiriro ezvinhu anokanganisa mashandiro epepsin
Nekuti pepsin inoenderana nemamiriro emudumbu, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro ayo:
1. pH yemudumbu
Pepsin inoshanda pa pH ine acidic. Kana pH yakakwira zvakanyanya (isina acid yakakwana), pepsin inogona kusashanda. Semuenzaniso, kushandisa mishonga inoderedza acid kwenguva refu kunogona kuderedza kushanda kwekugaya mapuroteni mune vamwe vanhu, kunyangwe muviri unowanzova nenzira dzinotsiva.
2. Hutano hwemadziro edumbu
Kugadzirwa kwePepsinogen neHCl kunogona kudzikira kana paine zvirwere zvemudumbu, zvakaita sechirwere chegastritis chisingaperi kana zvimwe zvirwere zvinokanganisa masero anogadzira acid.
3. Huwandu hweprotein mukudya
Kuvapo kwemapuroteni kunokurudzira kuburitswa kwegastrin, hormone inowedzera kugadzirwa kweasidhi yemudumbu nema enzymes ekugaya, kuitira kuti kugaya mapuroteni kuve nani.
4. Nguva yekubuda kwechinhu mudumbu
Kana chikafu chikabuda mudumbu nekukurumidza, nguva yekushanda kwepepsin ipfupi. Kusiyana neizvi, kubuda kwechinhu mudumbu zvishoma nezvishoma kunoita kuti pepsin ive nenguva yakawanda yekuputsa mapuroteni.
Sei basa repepsin richikosha kumuviri?
Basa repepsin rinokosha kwete chete nekuti rinoputsa mapuroteni, asiwo nekuti kugaya mapuroteni zvakanaka kwakabatana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuviri, zvakaita se:
- Kuwanikwa kwemaamino acid ekuvaka nekugadzirisa tishu.
- Kuumbwa kwema enzymes, mahormone uye ma antibodies ayo anowanzo umbwa nemapuroteni.
- Inotsigira kukura uye kupora mushure mekurwara kana kukuvara.
- Inotsigira metabolism nekuti mapuroteni anogonawo kuva sosi yesimba kana zvichidikanwa.
Kana mapuroteni akakanganisika, muviri unogona kushaya zvinhu zvakakosha kunyangwe kudya mapuroteni kwakaringana.
Mhedziso
Pepsin ndiyo enzyme huru iri mudumbu ine basa rekutanga kugaya mapuroteni. Pepsin inogadzirwa muchimiro chisina basa (pepsinogen) uye inoitiswa ne gastric acid (HCl) ine pH ine acid yakawanda. Basa rayo nderekuputsa mapuroteni makuru kuita ma polypeptides madiki nema peptides, zvichibvumira kugaya kuti kurambe kuchibudirira muura hudiki kuburikidza nema enzymes epancreas ne mudumbu. Saka, pepsin inoita basa rakakosha mukuona kuti mapuroteni ekudya anogadziriswa kuita zvikamu zvinogona kutorwa nemuviri uye kushandiswa.
Kana muchida, ndinogonawo kuwedzera mufananidzo wemaitiro ekugaya mapuroteni (kubva mumuromo-mudumbu-mudumbu diki) kana kugadzira shanduro yesainzi yechinyorwa chebasa rechikoro/koreji.
