Basa reMyoglobin muKuchengetedza Okisijeni yeMuscle
Myoglobin ipuroteni inokosha mumuviri wemunhu nemhuka, kunyanya ine chekuita nekugona kwetsandanyama kushanda zvakanaka. Puroteni iyi inozivikanwa se "oxygen reservoir" mutsandanyama. Basa rayo rinova rinokosha kana tsandanyama dzichida simba rakawanda, senge panguva yekurovedza muviri, kumhanya, kushambira, kana mamwe mabasa emuviri akasimba. Kuti tinzwisise kuti sei myoglobin ichikosha kudaro, tinofanira kunzwisisa kuti chii, chimiro chayo, kuti inochengeta sei okisijeni, uye hukama hwayo nekushanda kwetsandanyama nezvimwe zvirwere.
Chii chinonzi myoglobin?
Myoglobin ipuroteni ine denderedzwa inowanikwa mumasero emhasuru, kunyanya tsandanyama dzemapfupa nedzemwoyo. Myoglobin inonyanya kubatsira kuti nyama netsandanyama zvitsvuke, zvichiita kuti nyama ine myoglobin yakawanda (yakadai senyama yemombe) iite seyakatsvuka kupfuura nyama ine myoglobin shoma.
Pakushanda kwayo, basa guru remyoglobin nderekubatanidza okisijeni uye kuichengeta mumasero emhasuru. Okisijeni iyi inogona kuburitswa kana tsandanyama dzichida simba uye ropa risina kukwana kuti rikwanise kusangana nezvinodiwa nekukurumidza.
Maumbirwo emyoglobin uye hukama hwayo nekushanda kwayo
Myoglobin inoumbwa necheni imwe chete yepolypeptide (kusiyana nehemoglobin, ine mayuniti mana). Maumbirwo ayo ane mativi matatu anobvumira myoglobin kuumba "pocket" yakakosha inogona kusunga mamorekuru eokisijeni. Chinhu chikuru chekugona uku kuvapo kweboka reheme—chivakwa chine iron (Fe) pakati payo. Iron iyi inobatanidza zvakananga neokisijeni.
Nekuti ine chikamu chimwe chete, myoglobin ine hunhu hwakasiyana hwekubatanidza okisijeni pane hemoglobin. Myoglobin ine oxygen affinity yakakwira kupfuura hemoglobin. Izvi zvine musoro: hemoglobin inotakura okisijeni kuburikidza neropa uye inofanira kuisunungura nyore nyore kuenda kunyama, nepo basa remyoglobin riri re "kuchengeta" okisijeni senzvimbo yekuchengetedza mutsandanyama uye kuiburitsa chete kana zvichidikanwa.
Maitiro ekuchengetedza okisijeni mutsandanyama
Okisijeni yatinofema inopinda mumapapu, uko inosunga hemoglobin iri mumasero matsvuku eropa uye inotakurwa mumuviri wese kuburikidza netsinga dzeropa. Kana ropa rasvika mutsandanyama, okisijeni inoburitswa uye inopararira mumasero etsandanyama. Apa ndipo panoita basa guru: inosunga uye inochengeta okisijeni.
Kuchengetedzwa kweokisijeni uku kune mabhenefiti akawanda makuru:
1. Okisijeni inochengetwa kana kudiwa kwayo kuchingoerekana kwawedzera
Kana tsandanyama dzikashanda nesimba kamwe kamwe, kuda kwadzo okisijeni kuti dzigadzire simba kunowedzera nekukurumidza. Myoglobin inopa okisijeni inochengetwa nekukurumidza usati wagadzirisa uye kuwedzera okisijeni inobva mumapapu.
2. Inobatsira kupararira kweokisijeni mumasero emhasuru
Myoglobin inobatsira "kuburitsa" okisijeni kubva pamusoro pesero kuenda ku mitochondria, uko simba rinogadzirwa kuburikidza nekufema kwe aerobic. Nemamwe mashoko, myoglobin inobatsira kupararira kweokisijeni mukati memasero emhasuru.
3. Inobatsira kuchengetedza kushandiswa kwemuviri mumuviri
Kugadzirwa kwesimba kuburikidza nenzira ye aerobic kunoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura nzira ye anaerobic. Kuvapo kwe myoglobin kunobvumira tsandanyama kuti dzirambe dziri mumamiriro ezvinhu e aerobic kwenguva yakareba dzisati dzachinja kuita maitiro e anaerobic anogadzira lactic acid.
Basa remyoglobin mukuita kwemuviri nemitambo
Patinoita maekisesaizi akasimba, miviri yedu inoda simba rakawanda. Simba iri rinogadzirwa zvakanyanya mumitochondria kuburikidza nekuoxidation yezvinovaka muviri (glucose nemafuta) nerubatsiro rweokisijeni. Myoglobin inoita basa guru mukuona kuti okisijeni inogara iripo.
Muchikamu chekutanga chekurovedza muviri, myoglobin inowanzo buritsa okisijeni nekukurumidza kuti igutse kudiwa kwetsandanyama. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza "chikwereti cheokisijeni" chekutanga. Kana myoglobin yakawanda mutsandanyama, zvinoita kuti ikwanise kuchengetedza okisijeni uye kushanda kwenguva yakareba pasina kuneta.
Izvi zvinotsanangurawo chikonzero nei vatambi vemitambo yekutsungirira, vakaita sevanomhanya daro refu kana vanoshambira, vachiwanzochinja maitiro avo emuviri kuburikidza nekuwedzera kugona kwetsandanyama, kusanganisira kuwanda kwemamitochondria nemapuroteni akakosha akadai semyoglobin kuburikidza nekudzidzira nguva dzose.
Myoglobin mumhuka dzinonyura mumvura uye kuchinja zvakanyanya
Imwe yemienzaniso inonakidza yekushanda kwemyoglobin inogona kuonekwa mumhuka dzinonyudza dzakadai sewhale, seal, uye dolphin. Mhuka idzi dzinokwanisa kunyudza kwenguva yakareba dzisina kufema. Chimwe chezvadzinoziva ndechekuti myoglobin yakawanda kwazvo mutsandanyama dzadzo. Kuwanda kwemyoglobin uku kunoita kuti tsandanyama dzadzo dzikwanise kuchengeta okisijeni yakawanda, zvichiita kuti dzirambe dzichifamba uye dzirarame pasi pemvura dzisina okisijeni inobva mumhepo.
Kutaura zvazviri, mune mamwe marudzi, huwandu hwemyoglobin hwakakwira zvekuti tsandanyama dzinoita sedzakasviba zvikuru. Pamusoro pehuwandu hwayo hwakawanda, myoglobin mumhuka dzinonyura inewo hunhu hwakakosha hunoderedza katsika kemapuroteni aya ekuungana pahuwandu hwakawanda, zvichivabvumira kuti varambe vakagadzikana uye vachishanda zvakanaka.
Kusiyana pakati pemyoglobin nehemoglobin
Kunyangwe zvese zvichisunga okisijeni uye zvese zvine heme, myoglobin nehemoglobin zvine mabasa akasiyana:
– Hemoglobin: inowanikwa mumasero matsvuku eropa, inoshanda kutakura okisijeni kubva kumapapu kuenda kumatishu uye kutakura kabhoni dhayokisaidhi kuenda kumapapu. Ine mayuniti mana saka inogona kusunga mamorekuru mana eokisijeni.
– Myoglobin: inowanikwa mumasero emhasuru, inoshanda kuchengetedza okisijeni uye inobatsira mukupararira kwayo mu mitochondria. Ine kachikamu kamwe chete uye inosunga molekyuru imwe chete yeokisijeni.
Uyezve, hemoglobin ine hunhu hwekubatana pamwe chete, zvichireva kuti kubatana kweokisijeni imwe kunoita kuti kubatana kweimwe kuve nyore. Myoglobin haina hunhu hwekubatana pamwe chete; inosunga okisijeni zvakadzikama, zvichienderana nebasa rayo senzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu.
Myoglobin uye hutano
Myoglobin inokoshawo mune zvehutano. Kana tsandanyama dzikakuvara zvakanyanya, semuenzaniso nekukuvara kwakanyanya, tsaona, kana mamiriro akaita se rhabdomyolysis, myoglobin inogona kubuda kubva mumasero etsandanyama ichienda muropa. Huwandu hwakawanda hwe myoglobin muropa hunogona kupinda muitsvo uye zvinogona kukonzera kusashanda zvakanaka kweitsvo.
Mukurapa, kuvapo kwemyoglobin (kana zvinobva mairi) muweti kunogona kuita kuti isvibe, kuita setii kana cola. Ichi chiratidzo chekukuvadzwa kwakanyanya kwetsandanyama. Uyezve, kana paine chirwere chemwoyo, myoglobin inogonawo kukwira nekuda kwekukuvara kwetsandanyama dzemwoyo, kunyange zvazvo zviratidzo zvemwoyo (zvakadai setroponin) zvava kushandiswa zvakanyanya.
Mhedziso
Myoglobin ipuroteni yetsandanyama inoita basa guru mukuchengetedza nekupa okisijeni kumasero etsandanyama. Nekuwirirana kwayo neokisijeni yakawanda, myoglobin inogona kusunga okisijeni inoburitswa muhemoglobin yoichengeta senzvimbo yekuchengetedza. Nzvimbo iyi inobatsira kana tsandanyama dzichida simba kamwe kamwe kana kuti okisijeni inobva muropa isingaenderane nezvinodiwa nekushanda. Kuwedzera pabasa rayo rekuchengetedza, myoglobin inobatsirawo kufambisa okisijeni mumitochondria, zvichibvumira aerobic metabolism kuti ienderere mberi zvakanaka.
Basa reMyoglobin rinoonekwa mumitambo, kugadziriswa kwemhuka dzinonyura mumvura, uye mukurapa sechiratidzo chekukuvadzwa kwetsandanyama. Nekunzwisisa mashandiro anoita myoglobin, tinogona kunzwisisa zviri nani kuti muviri unotonga sei okisijeni kuti utsigire kufamba, kutsungirira, uye hutano hwetsandanyama.
