Maitiro Endocrine System Anodzora Metabolism
Metabolism imhando yemakemikari anotevedzana mumuviri anoita kuti masero awane simba, kuvaka nekugadzirisa matishu, uye kuita mamwe mabasa akakosha. Sisitimu yeendocrine inoita basa guru mukuita uku nekuburitsa mahormone anodzora zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemetabolism. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora mashandiro anoita sisitimu yeendocrine uye kuti mahormone ainogadzira anodzora sei metabolism.
Nhanganyaya kuEndocrine System
Sisitimu yeendocrine ine magland nematishu anogadzira mahormone. Magland makuru ari musystem yeendocrine anosanganisira hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries muvakadzi, uye matestes muvarume. Rimwe nerimwe remagland aya rinogadzira mahormone chaiwo anoburitswa zvakananga muropa kuti asvike kumasero kana nhengo dzawo.
Mahormone anoshanda semakemikoro anotonga mabasa akawanda emuviri, anosanganisira kukura nekukura, kushandiswa kwesimba mumuviri, kushanda pabonde, kubereka, kurara, uye mafungiro.
Kudzora kweMetabolism neEndocrine System
Gland reGyroid neThyroxine
Imwe yegland inonyanya kukosha mukutonga mashandiro emuviri igland re thyroid. Gland iri riri mumutsipa uye rinogadzira mahormone e thyroid, ayo anosanganisira thyroxine (T4) uye triiodothyronine (T3).
Mahormone ethyroid anokurudzira chiyero che metabolism (BMR), huwandu hwesimba rinodiwa nemuviri panguva yekuzorora kuti uite mabasa ekutanga akadai sekufema uye kutenderera kweropa. Thyroxine inowedzera chiyero che metabolism nekuwedzera kushandiswa kweokisijeni nemasero emuviri uye kukurudzira kugadzirwa kwekupisa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanhu vane huwandu hwakawanda hwemahormone ethyroid vanowanzova nehuwandu hunokurumidza hwe metabolism uye simba rakawanda, nepo avo vane huwandu hwakaderera hwemahormone ethyroid vanowanzova nehuwandu hushoma hwe metabolism uye vanogona kuwedzera uremu.
Pancreas neInsulin
Rwatata inhengo inokosha inobatanidzwa zvakanyanya mukudzora mashandiro emuviri, kunyanya mashandiro eglucose. Inogadzira mahormone anonzi insulin neglucagon. Insulin inoburitswa kana huwandu hweshuga muropa (glucose) hukakwira, semuenzaniso mushure mekudya. Insulin inobatsira masero kutora glucose kubva muropa kuitira kuti ishandiswe sesimba kana kuchengetwa seglycogen muchiropa netsandanyama kuti ishandiswe gare gare.
Zvikuru sei, insulin inoshanda nekuwedzera mukana wekupinda kweglucose mumasero, zvichibvumira glucose kupinda mumasero. Saka, insulin inoderedza huwandu hweshuga muropa. Vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga, vasingagadzi insulin yakakwana, kana chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwechipiri, vanoramba insulin, vane dambudziko rekugadzirisa huwandu hweshuga muropa ravo, izvo zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ekugadzirisa muviri.
Adrenal Glands neCortisol
Mahormone eadrenal, ari pamusoro peitsvo, anogadzira mahormone akasiyana-siyana anokanganisa mashandiro emuviri. Rimwe remahormone makuru anogadzirwa icortisol, iyo inoburitswa mushure mekushushikana uye huwandu hweshuga muropa hwakaderera.
Cortisol inobatsira kuwedzera huwandu hweshuga muropa kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi gluconeogenesis, umo muviri unoburitsa glucose kubva mumapuroteni nemafuta. Uyezve, cortisol inodzora metabolism yemafuta neprotein. Semuenzaniso, cortisol inowedzera kuputsika kweprotein mutsandanyama kuti igadzire maamino acids, ayo anogona kushandurwa kuita glucose.
Hypothalamus neGland rePituitary
Hypothalamus negland repituitary muuropi zvinoshanda senzvimbo huru dzinobatanidza endocrine system. Hypothalamus inotumira zviratidzo kugland repituitary kuti ibudise kana kudzvinyirira mamwe mahormone, ayo anobva adzora mamwe magland eendocrine. Semuenzaniso, hypothalamus inoburitsa thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), iyo inosimudzira gland repituitary kuti ribudise thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH inobva yashanda pagland rethyroid kuti ikurudzire kugadzirwa kwemahormone ethyroid.
Pamusoro pezvo, hypothalamus inodzorawo corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), iyo inosimudzira pituitary gland kuti iburitse adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), iyo inozokurudzira adrenal glands kuti igadzire cortisol. Iyi nzira yekupa mhinduro inovimbisa kuti huwandu hwemahormone eropa hunoramba hwakaringana uye hwakakodzera zvinodiwa nemuviri.
Mahormone Ekukura
Homoni yekukura (GH) inogadzirwa negland repituitary uye ine simba guru pakukura nekukura, pamwe nekushandiswa kwemetabolism. GH inokurudzira kukura kwetsandanyama nemapfupa uye inowedzera kuputsika kwemafuta kuti awane simba. GH inewo mhedzisiro ye anabolic, zvichireva kuti inokurumidza kugadzira mapuroteni nekukura kwemasero.
Munguva yehudiki nekukura, GH inokosha pakukura kwemuviri. Muvanhu vakuru, GH inobatsira kuchengetedza tsandanyama nemapfupa uye inobatsira pakudzora kuumbwa kwemuviri uye kushandiswa kwemuviri.
Mahormone ebonde
Mazai evakadzi nematesti muvarume ane basawo mukugadzirwa kwemahormone epabonde akadai seestrogen, progesterone, uye testosterone. Mahormone aya haangotungamiriri chete basa rekubereka asiwo anokanganisa kushandiswa kwesimba mumuviri.
Muvakadzi, estrogen inobatsira kudzora kupararira kwemafuta mumuviri uye inokanganisawo kunzwa kwe insulin, nokudaro ichikanganisa kushandiswa kwe glucose mumuviri. Progesterone inogona kuwedzera tembiricha yemuviri uye kukanganisa kushandiswa kwe metabolic mumuviri.
Muvarume, testosterone inokurudzira kukura kwetsandanyama uye kushandiswa kwemapuroteni mumuviri, uye inowedzera kupisa mafuta, zvichiita kuti muviri ushande zvakanaka.
Mahormone eLeptin neGhrelin
Leptin neghrelin mahormone anogadzirwa nemafuta nedumbu anoita basa guru mukudzora kudya nesimba. Leptin inoudza uropi kuti huderedze kudya kana mafuta akachengetwa akakwana. Kusiyana neizvi, ghrelin inowedzera kudya nekuratidza uropi kana dumbu risina chinhu.
Kudzora mahormone aya kunogona kukanganisa huremu hwemuviri uye maumbirwo emuviri. Kuramba leptin, semuenzaniso, kunogona kukonzera kufuta nekuti uropi hahugamuchire chiratidzo chekurega kudya kunyangwe mafuta emuviri akakwana.
Mhedziso
Sisitimu yeendocrine inoita basa rakakosha mukudzora zvese zvinoitwa nemetabolism. Kubva pakudzora huwandu hweshuga muropa ne insulin ne glucagon kusvika pakugadzirisa basal metabolism ne thyroid hormones, hormone yega yega inoshanda pamwe chete kuona kuti muviri unoshanda zvakanaka. Kukanganisika mukushanda kwe endocrine system kunogona kutungamira kumatambudziko akasiyana-siyana ehutano, anosanganisira chirwere cheshuga, hypothyroidism, uye metabolic syndrome.
Kunzwisisa kuti endocrine system inotonga sei metabolism hakungokoshi chete pakunzwisisa physiology yevanhu asiwo kunopa ruzivo rwekuti nzira dzekurapa nekuchinja mararamiro zvinogona kushandiswa sei kugadzirisa mamiriro e metabolism. Kuburikidza nekutsvaga kwakawanda uye dzidzo inoenderera mberi, tinogona kuvandudza maitiro edu ehutano hwe metabolism.
