Pfungwa yeMafungu eElectromagnetic: Kubva paZvinokosha kusvika paMashandisirwo
Mafungu emagetsi emagetsi zvinhu zvepanyama zvinoita basa rakakosha muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvesainzi netekinoroji. Kubva pazviratidzo zveredhiyo kusvika kuX-rays zvinoshandiswa mukuongorora zvehutano, pfungwa yemafungu emagetsi emagetsi inokosha mukukura kwebudiriro yemazuva ano. Chinyorwa chino chichapa ongororo yakadzama yetsananguro yawo, hunhu, uye mashandisirwo awo muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Tsanangudzo uye Nheyo dzeMafungu eElectromagnetic
Mafungu emagetsi emagetsi mafungu anoumbwa neminda yemagetsi nemagineti inotenderera ne sinusoidal inopararira muchadenga. Haadi nzira yekupararira uye nekudaro anogona kufamba nemu vacuum. Kuwanikwa uku kunoonekwa seimwe yekubudirira kukuru mufizikisi uye kwakagadzirwa naJames Clerk Maxwell mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 kuburikidza ne equation yake yakakurumbira yaMaxwell.
Maequations aMaxwell
Maequation aMaxwell anoratidza kuti munda wemagetsi (E) uye simba remagineti (B) dzakabatana uye dzinogona kuberekana. Equation iyi ine zvikamu zvina:
1. Mutemo waGauss weMagetsi: Unotaura kuti simba remagetsi rakasiyana-siyana rinoenderana nehuwandu hwechaji yemagetsi.
2. Mutemo waGauss weMagineti: Unotaura kuti hapana "chaji yemagineti", saka simba remagineti rinogara riine mitsetse yesimba yakavharwa.
3. Mutemo weFaraday weKupinza: Unotsanangura kuti simba remagineti rinochinja rinogona sei kugadzira simba remagetsi.
4. Mutemo waAmpère-Maxwell: Unoratidza kuti masimba emagineti anogona kugadzirwa nemagetsi emagetsi uye magetsi anochinja.
Kubva pakutsanangurwa kwe equation iyi, zvinoratidzwa kuti simba remagetsi rinoshanduka rinogadzira simba remagineti uye zvinopesana, nokudaro zvichigadzira mafungu emagetsi anopararira munzira dzakasiyana-siyana.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Chiyero chemagetsi chinotsanangura huwandu hwemarudzi ese emwaranzi maelektromatiki akavakirwa pa frequency kana wavelength. Iyi spectrum inosanganisira:
– Mafungu eRadio: Anoshandiswa mukutaurirana kwemagetsi senge redhiyo neterevhizheni.
– Ma microwave: Anoshandiswa mu radar, kutaurirana nesatellite, uye mukudziisa mu microwave.
– Infrared: Inoshandiswa mu remote control uye thermography.
– Chiedza Chinoonekwa: Chiedza chinogona kuonekwa neziso remunhu.
– Ultraviolet: Inogona kukonzera kutsva kweganda uye inoshandiswa mukubvisa utachiona.
– X-rays: Inoshandiswa pakuongorora chirwere.
– Gamma Rays: Inoshandiswa mukurapa kenza ne radiotherapy.
Hunhu hweMafungu eElectromagnetic
Zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvemafungu emagetsi zvinosanganisira:
1. Kumhanya: Mafungu ese emagetsi anopararira nekumhanya kwechiedza (c) mumhepo isina chinhu, iyo inosvika mamita 299.792.458 pasekondi.
2. Polarization: Mafungu emagetsi anogona kupolarized, kureva kuti, kutenderera kwesimba ravo remagetsi kunogona kuganhurirwa kune rimwe divi.
3. Kupindirana uye Kupararira: Kufanana nemamwe mafungu, mafungu emagetsi anogona kusangana nekukanganiswa uye kupararira.
4. Kufungisisa uye Kudzokorora: Zvinogona kuratidzwa uye kudzorwa kana zvikasangana nenzira dzakasiyana.
Kushandiswa kweMafungu eElectromagnetic
Mafungu emagetsi anoshandisa mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana muminda yakasiyana-siyana.
Kukurukurirana
Kutaurirana kwemazuva ano kunonyanya kushandiswa nemafungu emagetsi. Redhiyo, terevhizheni, uye network dzisina waya zvese zvinoshandisa mafungu eredhiyo nema microwave kutumira ruzivo. Tekinoroji yekutaurirana nefoni uye Wi-Fi, semuenzaniso, zvinoshandisa ma microwave frequency kubatanidza zvishandiso neinternet uye pakati pemidziyo.
Medical
Nyanzvi dzezvekurapa dzakabatsirwa zvikuru nemafungu emagetsi. MaX-ray chishandiso chakakosha chekuongorora mapfupa, zvakaita sekuona mapfupa akatyoka kana mamwe matambudziko emukati. Uyezve, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) inoshandisa hunhu hwesimba remagetsi rakasimba nemafungu eredhiyo kugadzira mifananidzo yakadzama yemukati memuviri wemunhu.
Tekinoroji neMaindasitiri
Ma microwave anoshandiswawo mu radar tekinoroji kuona nekuyera daro, kumhanya, uye hunhu hwezvinhu. Pamusoro pezvo, RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) tekinoroji inoshandisa radio waves kutevera nekuona zvinhu, izvo zvinobatsira zvikuru mukugadzirisa zvinhu nekutengeserana.
Nyeredzi
Fizikisi yemuchadenga nenyeredzi zvinovimba zvakanyanya nekucherechedza marefu akasiyana-siyana emagetsi. Semuenzaniso, materesikopu eredhiyo anobata mafungu eredhiyo kubva kuzvinhu zvekudenga, izvo zvinogona kuratidza ruzivo nezvemaumbirwo nekufamba kwemagalaksi. Materesikopu einfrared anogona kuona zvinhu zvinotonhorera zvakaita senyeredzi dzichangoburwa nemakore eguruva.
Ramangwana neKubudirira
Tsvagiridzo pamusoro pemafungu emagetsi iri kuramba ichifambira mberi, kunyanya mukushandiswa kutsva kwakadai se tekinoroji yekutaurirana yechizvarwa chechishanu (5G), nzira dzekurapa dzepamusoro, uye kutarisa zvakatipoteredza. Zvinhu zvine magadzirirwo azvo zvinobvumira mafungu emagetsi kuti ashandiswe nenzira dzisiri dzenguva dzose, zviri kugadzirwa kuti zvigadzire "machira esimbi" anogona kutenderedza chiedza chakakomberedza chinhu, zvichiita kuti chisaonekwe.
Mhedziso
Mafungu emagetsi emagetsi chiitiko chakapararira chine mashandisirwo asingaverengeki muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva nesainzi. Kunzwisisa hwaro hwawo, kubva pakuenzanisa kwaMaxwell kusvika kumagetsi emagetsi, kunopa ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pekuti nyika yedu inoshanda sei. Ruzivo urwu harungotsigiri chete tekinoroji yemazuva ano yekutaurirana, kuongororwa kwekurapa, uye mamwe mashandisirwo akawanda asiwo runotungamira hunyanzvi hwemangwana muminda yakasiyana-siyana.
Nekudzidza kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi uye kushandiswa kwetekinoroji, mafungu emagetsi acharamba achiita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira sainzi netekinoroji, achipa mhinduro kumatambudziko akaomarara uye achivhura mikana mitsva yekutsvaga nekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva.
