Hutano Anthropology uye Kutarisira Denda
Pendauluan
Kubva payakatanga muWuhan, China, pakupera kwegore ra2019, denda reCovid-19 rakakanganisa hupenyu hwevanhu pasi rese. Kubva pahutano hwemuviri kusvika pakugara zvakanaka kwevanhu nehupfumi, denda iri rakaedza masisitimu ehutano hwepasi rose, rakapfuura miganhu yemagariro evanhu netsika, uye rakaunza matambudziko matsva kunzanga yemazuva ano. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, dzidzo yezvekurapa yakabuda senzira yakakosha mukunzwisisa nekugadzirisa denda iri. Chinyorwa chino chichanyatsoongorora basa redzidzo yezvekurapa mukutarisira denda uye kuti maonero aya anogona sei kupa nzwisiso uye nzira dzinoshanda mukurwisa dambudziko rehutano hwepasi rose.
Kunzwisisa Anthropology Yezvekurapa
Anthropology yezvekurapa, inozivikanwawo se medical-anthropology, ichikamu chidiki che anthropology chinodzidza kuti zvinhu zvetsika, zvemagariro evanhu, zvehupfumi, uye zvakatipoteredza zvinopesvedzera sei hutano nezvirwere munharaunda dzakasiyana. Nyanzvi dzezvekurapa dzinofarira kwete chete biology yezvirwere asiwo maonero evanhu nezvehutano, maitiro ekurapa aripo, uye mitemo yehutano inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana.
Pamusoro pezvo, medical anthropology inoongororawo kuti masisitimu ehutano anoshanda sei netsika dzakasiyana-siyana kuti ape kunzwisisa kwakazara kwepfungwa dzehutano nezvirwere mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana etsika. Chaizvoizvo, chinangwa chikuru chemedical anthropology ndechekunzwisisa hukama hwakaoma huripo pakati pehutano nemamiriro ahwo emagariro evanhu netsika.
Basa reChidzidzo cheAnthropology muKubata Denda
1. Kunzwisisa Mamiriro Emagariro Evanhu Netsika
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekudzidza nezvevanhu nezvekurapa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwenharaunda netsika zvinopesvedzera maonero nemhinduro dzechirwere. Semuenzaniso, mukutarisira COVID-19, ngano dzakasiyana-siyana nepfungwa dzisina kururama zvinopararira pakati peveruzhinji. Nyanzvi dzezvevanhu nezvekurapa dzinogona kubatsira kutsanangura kuti mapoka akasiyana ane zvitendero izvi sei uye nei uye kupa nzira dzinoshanda dzekutaurirana nedzidzo dzakagadzirirwa mamiriro etsika emunharaunda.
2. Basa reNharaunda mukudzivirira zvirwere
Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu dzinosimbisawo kukosha kwekubatanidza nharaunda dzemunharaunda mukuedza kudzivirira nekudzivirira zvirwere. Semuenzaniso, mukupararira kweEbola kuWest Africa, zvitendero netsika dzemunharaunda zvakakanganisa zvikuru kubudirira kwezvirongwa zvehutano. Dzidzo ine chekuita netsika, kushanda pamwe chete nevatungamiriri venharaunda, uye kugadziriswa kwemaitiro ehutano kuti aenderane nezvitendero zvemunharaunda zvaive zvirongwa zvinobudirira.
3. Zvidzidzo zveKutevedzera Mutemo paKupindira Muhutano
Kutevedzera mitemo yehutano yeruzhinji kwakakosha mukudzora denda iri zvinobudirira. Nyanzvi dzezvevanhu dzinogona kudzidza zvinhu zvinopesvedzera kutevedzera mitemo yehutano yeruzhinji, zvakaita sekushandisa masiki, kubaiwa nhomba, uye kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe. Semuenzaniso, muCOVID-19, kwave nemishumo yakawanda yekuzeza kubaiwa nhomba ichibuda munharaunda dzakasiyana-siyana. Nyanzvi dzezvevanhu dzinogona kuongorora zvikonzero zvekuzeza uku uye kupa mazano anobva pauchapupu kuti zvigadziriswe.
4. Mutemo wehutano unobva pamamiriro ezvinhu
Mitemo yehutano yakagadzirwa pasina kufunga nezvemagariro evanhu inowanzo shanda zvishoma. Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu dzinogona kupa ruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana nezvezvinodiwa nemaonero evanhu munharaunda, zvichiita kuti mitemo inyatsoenderana nezvavanoda. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzira mishandirapamwe yehutano, kugadzira zvipatara, uye kuita zvirongwa zvehutano pasi rose.
Chidzidzo Chenyaya: Denda reCovid-19 muIndonesia
Denda reCOVID-19 rinopa muenzaniso chaiwo wekuti dzidzo yevanhu inogona kushandiswa sei kugadzirisa dambudziko rehutano. MuIndonesia, kusiyana kwetsika nenzvimbo kune matambudziko akasiyana mukugadzirisa denda iri.
1. Maonero neMaonero Asiriwo
Pakutanga kwedenda iri, vanhu vazhinji muIndonesia vaisatenda kuti Covid-19 chirwere chakakomba. Izvi zvakawedzerwa nemashoko asiri echokwadi aipararira pasocial media. Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu dzakakwanisa kuona kuti mune dzimwe nharaunda, kurwara kunoonekwa semhedzisiro yezvinhu zvemweya kana zvetsika. Nekunzwisisa maonero aya, kupindira kwehutano kunogona kushanda zvakanyanya kana kuchiperekedzwa nenzira inoremekedza uye inotsanangura sainzi yekurapa mukati mezvitendero zvemuno.
2. Kuzeza Kupiwa Jekiseni
Semuenzaniso, kuzeza kubaiwa majekiseni mune dzimwe nzvimbo muIndonesia kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekusava nechivimbo nehurumende pamwe nezvitendero zvakasiyana nezvetsika. Nyanzvi dzezvehutano dzinogona kushanda pamwe chete nevatungamiriri vezvitendero nevemunharaunda kuti vape dzidzo ine chekuita netsika uye kuvakazve kuvimba kweveruzhinji muchirongwa chekubaiwa majekiseni.
3. Kubata Nzvimbo Dziri Kure
Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu dzinoita basa guru mukuona zvinodiwa nevanhu vari munzvimbo dziri kure avo vangave vasina ruzivo rwakakwana rwehutano nemabasa. Nekunzwisisa mararamiro emunharaunda, tsika, uye zvitendero, kupindira kwehutano kunogona kugadziriswa kuti kusvike zviri nani uye kugamuchirwa nenharaunda idzi.
Mhedziso uye Mazano
Nzira yekurapa yeanthropology inopa ruzivo rwakakosha runogona kubatsira kugadzirisa denda iri zvinobudirira uye zvakabatana. Tichifunga nezvekuoma kwemagariro evanhu, tsika, uye hupfumi kuripo munharaunda yega yega, nzira iyi inotarisa kusiyana-siyana inokosha pahutano hwepasi rose.
Kurudziro:
1. Kuwedzera Kushandira Pamwe Chete Muzvikoro Zvine Nyanzvi Dzakasiyana-siyana
Kushanda pamwe chete pakati penyanzvi dzezvekurapa, vagadziri vemitemo, uye nyanzvi dzezvevanhu dzezvekurapa kwakakosha pakugadzira nekushandisa nzira dzinoshanda dzekugadzirisa denda.
2. Dzidzo neKudzidziswa Zvinoenderana Netsika
Dzidzo nezvirongwa zvekudzidzisa vashandi vehutano zvinofanira kusanganisira zvidzidzo pamusoro petsika dzinozivikanwa kuti dzivabatsire kutaurirana zvinobudirira nevarwere vanobva kwakasiyana-siyana.
3. Tsvagiridzo Yakavakirwa Panharaunda
Tsvakurudzo inosanganisira nharaunda dzemunharaunda inogona kupa ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pemaonero nezvinodiwa nenharaunda, kuitira kuti zvirongwa zvehutano zvigone kugadzirwa zvine chekuita uye zvinogamuchirwa.
4. Kushandiswa kweMidhiya yeMunharaunda
Kushandisa midhiya yemuno nevatungamiriri vepfungwa vanozivikanwa kunogona kubatsira zvikuru mukuparadzira ruzivo rwakarurama uye kuvaka chivimbo cheveruzhinji muzvirongwa zvehutano.
Nekubatanidza maonero ezvevanhu panyaya dzekurapa mukutonga denda, tinogona kukunda zvipingamupinyi zvetsika, kuwedzera kutevedzera mitemo yehutano yeruzhinji, uye kupa mhinduro ine hunhu uye inoshanda kudambudziko rehutano repasi rose.
