Kumvetsetsa ndi Kufunika kwa Green Chemistry

Pendauluan

Chemistry yobiriwira, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa chemistry yosamalira chilengedwe, ndi gawo lomwe likukula la chemistry lomwe limapanga zinthu zamakemikolo ndi njira zomwe zimachepetsa kapena kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kupanga zinthu zoopsa. Chemistry yobiriwira cholinga chake ndi kupewa kuipitsa komwe kumachokera ndikupanga njira zina zotetezeka kwa anthu ndi chilengedwe. Nkhaniyi ikambirana tanthauzo la chemistry yobiriwira, mfundo zake zoyambira, ndi kufunika kogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo.

Kumvetsetsa Zachilengedwe Zachilengedwe

Chemistry yobiriwira imatanthauzidwa ngati filosofi ndi kuphunzira machitidwe a mankhwala omwe amayesa kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kupanga zinthu zoopsa. Lingaliroli linayambitsidwa koyamba ndi Paul Anastas ndi John Warner kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, omwe kenako adapanga mfundo 12 za chemistry yobiriwira ngati chitsogozo cha chitukuko cha ukadaulo ndi njira zamakemikolo zosawononga chilengedwe. Zolinga zazikulu za chemistry yobiriwira ndikupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu ndi mphamvu, kuchepetsa zinyalala ndi mpweya woipa, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti anthu ndi chilengedwe ali otetezeka.

Mfundo 12 za Green Chemistry

Paul Anastas ndi John Warner adapanga mfundo 12 za chemistry yobiriwira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malangizo kwa asayansi a mankhwala ndi mainjiniya popanga njira ndi zinthu zosamalira chilengedwe. Nayi kufotokozera mwachidule kwa mfundo iliyonse:

  1. Kupewa ZinyalalaNdi bwino kupewa zinyalala kusiyana ndi kuziyeretsa ndi kuzikonza zitapangidwa.
  2. Kapangidwe Kotetezeka KopangidwaNjira yopangira zinthu iyenera kupangidwa kuti igwiritse ntchito ndikupanga zinthu zomwe zili ndi poizoni wochepa kapena wopanda poizoni kwa anthu ndi chilengedwe.
  3. Kapangidwe ka Zamankhwala Otetezeka: Mankhwala ayenera kupangidwa kuti akwaniritse ntchito yomwe akufunira pamene akuchepetsa poizoni.
  4. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zipangizo Zobwezerezedwanso: Momwe zingathere, zinthu zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kuchokera kuzinthu zongowonjezedwanso.
  5. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Catalyst: Ma Catalyst (ogwira ntchito bwino momwe angathere) amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kuposa ma stoichiometric reagents kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofunika pakuchitapo kanthu.
  6. Kupewa Kuchotsa Matumbo Ochokera ku Matumbo: Kuchotsa zinthu zosafunikira (kugwiritsa ntchito magulu oteteza, kuteteza/kuchotsa chitetezo, ndi zina zotero) kuyenera kupewedwa ngati n'kotheka, chifukwa njira izi zimafuna zowonjezera zowonjezera ndikupanga zinyalala zambiri.
  7. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zosungunulira Zotetezeka ndi Mikhalidwe Yochitira Zinthu: Zosungunulira ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kukhala zotetezeka komanso zosawononga chilengedwe.
  8. Mphamvu Mwachangu: Njira zopangira mankhwala ziyenera kuchepetsa mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira kuti zichepetse kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komanso ndalama zogwirira ntchito.
  9. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zinthu Zongowonjezedwanso: Momwe zingathere, zinthu zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kuchokera kuzinthu zongowonjezedwanso.
  10. Kuchepetsa Kuchotsa MatupiNjira zina zomwe zimafuna kuchotsa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito magulu oteteza ziyenera kuchepetsedwa.
  11. Kapangidwe ka Kuwonongeka: Zinthu zopangidwa ndi mankhwala ziyenera kupangidwa m'njira yoti zitha kuwonongeka kukhala zinthu zopanda vuto m'chilengedwe.
  12. Kusanthula Kwanthawi Yeniyeni Popewa Kuipitsa: Njira zowunikira ziyenera kupangidwa kuti ziwunikire ndikuwongolera njirayo nthawi yomweyo kuti zisapangitse zinthu zoopsa.

Kufunika kwa Green Chemistry

Mankhwala obiriwira amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo wa anthu komanso chilengedwe. Nazi zifukwa zina zomwe mankhwala obiriwira alili ofunikira kwambiri:

  1. Chitetezo cha ZachilengedweMwa kuchepetsa kapena kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kupanga zinthu zoopsa, mankhwala obiriwira amathandiza kuchepetsa kuipitsa mpweya, madzi, ndi nthaka. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakusunga ubwino wa chilengedwe komanso thanzi la chilengedwe.
  2. Thanzi la AnthuMankhwala ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ndi zinthu zatsiku ndi tsiku amakhala ndi zoopsa pa thanzi. Mankhwala obiriwira amayesetsa kusintha zinthu zoopsazi ndi njira zina zotetezeka, potero amachepetsa zoopsa pa thanzi monga khansa, matenda opuma, ndi matenda ena.
  3. KukhazikikaPogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zongowonjezwdwanso komanso kuwonjezera mphamvu, chemistry yobiriwira imathandizira kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pochepetsa kudalira zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe sizingowonjezwdwanso komanso kuchepetsa zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo.
  4. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino ZachumaNjira zopangira mankhwala zothandiza komanso zosawononga chilengedwe zitha kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso kuwononga zinthu, zomwe pamapeto pake zimawonjezera phindu lazachuma kwa makampani. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zongowonjezwdwanso kungachepetse kusinthasintha kwa mitengo komanso kudalira zinthu zochepa.
  5. Zatsopano ndi UkadauloChemistry yobiriwira imalimbikitsa luso pakupanga ukadaulo ndi zinthu zatsopano komanso zosawononga chilengedwe. Izi zimatsegula mwayi kwa mafakitale kuti apange mayankho okhazikika komanso opikisana pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Zitsanzo za Mapulogalamu Obiriwira a Chemistry

Chemistry yobiriwira ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mafakitale ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, nazi zitsanzo:

  1. Makampani Opanga MankhwalaKupanga mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira zinthu zothandiza komanso zosawononga chilengedwe kungachepetse zinyalala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zothandiza kwambiri komanso kupewa kutulutsa zinthu zosafunikira.
  2. Industri KimiaKugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zongowonjezwdwanso, monga biomass, popanga mankhwala oyambira ndi zinthu zomaliza. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kudalira mafuta ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa.
  3. Kuyeretsa ZachilengedweKugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa mankhwala obiriwira pokonzanso chilengedwe, monga kuyeretsa nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
  4. Zogulitsa za OgulaKupanga zinthu zapakhomo, zodzoladzola, ndi zinthu zosamalira thupi zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zachilengedwe komanso zosawononga chilengedwe. Izi zitha kuchepetsa zoopsa paumoyo komanso zotsatirapo zake pa chilengedwe.
  5. Mphamvu zongowonjezedwansoKugwiritsa ntchito njira zobiriwira zopangira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, monga mafuta achilengedwe, zomwe zingalowe m'malo mwa mafuta achilengedwe ndikuchepetsa mpweya woipa womwe umawononga chilengedwe.

Mavuto ndi Mwayi

Ngakhale kuti chemistry yobiriwira imapereka zabwino zambiri, pali mavuto angapo omwe ayenera kuthetsedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri:

  1. Ndalama Zoyambira ndi Ndalama Zoyambira: Kupanga ukadaulo ndi njira zobiriwira nthawi zambiri kumafuna ndalama zoyambira. Komabe, phindu la nthawi yayitali monga kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso kuwononga chilengedwe kungapangitse kuti pakhale phindu lalikulu pazachuma.
  2. Kusintha kwa Malamulo ndi Ndondomeko: Kuvomerezedwa kwa mankhwala obiriwira kungafulumizitsidwe ndi chithandizo cha malamulo ndi mfundo za boma zomwe zimalimbikitsa machitidwe osawononga chilengedwe komanso kupereka chilimbikitso kwa mafakitale kuti agwiritse ntchito ukadaulo wobiriwira.
  3. Maphunziro ndi Kuzindikira: Kukulitsa chidziwitso ndi kumvetsetsa kufunika kwa mankhwala obiriwira pakati pa anthu, mafakitale, ndi opanga mfundo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosamalira chilengedwe.
  4. Kafukufuku ndi Zatsopano: Kuyika ndalama mu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa mankhwala obiriwira ndikofunikira kuti pakhale njira zatsopano zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana a mafakitale.

Mapeto

Chemistry yobiriwira ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira njira ndi zinthu zotetezeka, zogwira mtima, komanso zosawononga chilengedwe. Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo za chemistry yobiriwira, titha kuteteza chilengedwe, kukonza thanzi la anthu, komanso kuthandizira kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali. Ngakhale pali zovuta pakuyikhazikitsa, mwayi womwe chemistry yobiriwira imapereka pakupanga zinthu zatsopano komanso phindu lazachuma ndi waukulu kwambiri. Kuyesetsa kogwirizana kuchokera ku boma, mafakitale, maphunziro apamwamba, ndi anthu ndikofunikira kuti tikwaniritse kuthekera konse kwa chemistry yobiriwira ndikupanga tsogolo lokhazikika.

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