Tanthauzo la BUMN
Mabungwe a Boma (SOEs) ndi mabungwe amalonda omwe ali ndi boma ndipo amayendetsedwa ndi boma. Izi zikutanthauza kuti boma lili ndi magawo ambiri, ngati si onse, m'mabungwe awa. M'mayiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo Indonesia, ma SOEs amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chuma cha m'dziko. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mozama tanthauzo, ntchito, ndi udindo wa ma SOEs pa chuma cha dziko, komanso mavuto osiyanasiyana omwe amakumana nawo.
Tanthauzo la BUMN
Kawirikawiri, bizinesi ya boma (SOE) ingatanthauzidwe ngati bizinesi yomwe boma limayang'anira zonse kapena zambiri. Ku Indonesia, tanthauzo la SOE limayendetsedwa ndi Law Number 19 of 2003 yokhudza Mabizinesi a Boma. Malinga ndi lamuloli, SOE ndi bizinesi yomwe ndalama zake zonse kapena makamaka ndi za boma kudzera mu ndalama zomwe zimachokera ku katundu wa boma wolekanitsidwa.
Makampani aboma (SOEs) alipo m'njira zosiyanasiyana kutengera umwini ndi kasamalidwe ka ndalama. Izi zikuphatikizapo Makampani aboma (Perum), omwe ndi a boma lonse, ndi Makampani Omwe Ali ndi Ngongole Zochepa (Persero), omwe ndalama zawo zimagawidwa m'magawo, ambiri kapena onse ndi a boma. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi makhalidwe ndi malamulo osiyana ochitira bizinesi yake.
Zolinga ndi Ntchito za Mabizinesi a Boma
Mabizinesi aboma (SOEs) ali ndi zolinga zazikulu zingapo pantchito zawo. Chimodzi mwa zolinga zawo zazikulu ndikupereka bwino katundu ndi ntchito zomwe siziperekedwa ndi mabungwe achinsinsi. Kuphatikiza apo, ma SOE amachita gawo lofunikira pakusunga ntchito, kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha zachuma, komanso kukhala gwero lofunikira la ndalama za boma kudzera mu kugawa magawo ndi misonkho.
Ntchito za BUMN zitha kufotokozedwa motere:
1. Kupereka Katundu ndi Ntchito za Anthu Onse: Mabungwe aboma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi udindo wopereka katundu ndi ntchito za anthu onse, monga mayendedwe, mphamvu, madzi, ndi ntchito za positi, zomwe zingakhale zosapindulitsa kwa makampani achinsinsi. Ntchitozi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kwa anthu onse ndipo ziyenera kupezeka nthawi zonse.
2. Chokhazikitsa Chuma: M'malo ena, mabizinesi aboma amagwiranso ntchito ngati okhazikitsa chuma mwa kugawa bwino chuma m'dziko lonselo. Izi zikuphatikizapo kutenga nawo mbali m'mapulojekiti akuluakulu aboma omwe amayang'ana kwambiri pakukula kwa zomangamanga ndi chitukuko cha madera akutali.
3. Kupangira Boma Phindu: Kuwonjezera pa kukwaniritsa ntchito zachitukuko ndi zachuma, ma SOE akuyembekezekanso kupanga phindu lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthandizira bajeti ya boma. Phindu la ma SOE lingachokere ku magawo kapena misonkho yoperekedwa ku chuma cha boma.
Udindo wa Mabizinesi a Boma pa Chuma cha Dziko
Mabizinesi aboma (SOEs) amachita mbali zingapo zofunika kwambiri pa chuma cha dziko, kuphatikizapo kukweza kukula kwa chuma, kupereka ntchito, komanso kuthandizira kukhazikika kwa chuma . Nazi tsatanetsatane:
1. Zoyendetsa Kukula kwa Chuma: Mwa kutenga nawo mbali m'magawo osiyanasiyana aukadaulo monga mphamvu, kulumikizana, ndi mayendedwe, mabizinesi aboma (SOEs) ali ndi mphamvu zoyendetsera kukula kwachuma. Ndalama zomwe ma SOE amaika mu zomangamanga nthawi zambiri zimayenderana ndi chitukuko cha magawo ena okhudzana ndi magawo achinsinsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale unyolo wokhazikika wachuma.
2. Kupanga Ntchito: Popeza makampani akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito m'madera osiyanasiyana, mabizinesi aboma (SOEs) amapereka ntchito kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Izi sizimangochepetsa ulova komanso zimakulitsa luso la ogwira ntchito m'dziko lonse kudzera mu maphunziro osiyanasiyana ndi mapulogalamu opititsa patsogolo anthu .
3. Kuthandizira Kukhazikika kwa Zachuma: Pakakhala mavuto azachuma, ma SOE amatha kugwira ntchito ngati othandizira kukhazikika kwachuma kudzera mu njira zosiyanasiyana zochitira zinthu ndi njira zomwe cholinga chake ndi kusunga kupitiriza kwa ntchito komanso ubwino wa anthu ammudzi.
Mavuto Omwe Makampani a Boma Amakumana Nawo
Ngakhale kuti ali ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana, mabungwe a boma ndi andale amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri. Ena mwa mavutowa ndi awa:
1. Kusagwira Ntchito Bwino: Mabizinesi ambiri aboma akukumana ndi mavuto osagwira ntchito bwino, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabungwe okhwima, kayendetsedwe kosagwira ntchito bwino, komanso mphamvu zandale zomwe nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyaza mfundo zamalonda pa kayendetsedwe ka kampani.
2. Mpikisano Wapadziko Lonse: Mu nthawi ya kufalikira kwa mayiko padziko lonse lapansi, mabizinesi aboma (ma SOE) akukumana ndi mpikisano woopsa padziko lonse lapansi, kuchokera ku makampani apadziko lonse lapansi komanso makampani am'dziko muno omwe ali ndi luso lotha kusintha zinthu. Ma SOE ayenera kupitilizabe kupititsa patsogolo mpikisano wawo kuti akhalebe oyenera komanso kuti azigwira ntchito bwino.
3. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ukadaulo: Mabizinesi aboma (ma SOE) ayenera kusintha kuti agwirizane ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo mwachangu kuti akonze bwino ntchito, kupanga zatsopano, komanso kupereka chithandizo kwa makasitomala. Vutoli limafuna ndalama zambiri komanso kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha ntchito komwe kumabweretsa mavuto.
4. Kuwonekera ndi Kulamulira: Mabungwe aboma (SOEs) nthawi zambiri amafufuzidwa pankhani yokhudza kuwonekera bwino ndi ulamuliro wabwino. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto pokwaniritsa ntchito zodalirika mogwirizana ndi mfundo zabwino zoyendetsera makampani komanso kuti anthu azidalirana.
Kutseka
Mabizinesi aboma (SOEs) ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri kwa boma pakuyendetsa chuma ndikugawa chuma kwa anthu onse. Ngakhale akukumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, ndi kayendetsedwe kabwino komanso njira zosinthira, ma SOEs amatha kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri ndikupereka zopereka zazikulu ku chitukuko cha dziko. Patsogolo, kusintha kwa ma SOEs amakono komanso ogwira ntchito bwino kuyenera kupitiliza kulimbikitsidwa kuti athetse mavutowa.
