Mphamvu yapakati ya kinetic ya mpweya
Kupatula kupanikizika, chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimasonyeza mphamvu zazikulu za mpweya ndi kutentha (T). Chiyerekezo cha kupanikizika kwa mpweya chomwe chapezeka mu mutu wa Kinetic Theory of Gases chalembedwanso:
Chiyerekezo cha Ideal Gas Law chomwe chapezeka pamutu wa Ideal Gas Law chalembedwanso:
PV = NkT → Equation b
Taganizirani za equation a ndi equation b. Mbali za kumanzere ndi zofanana, pomwe mbali za kumanja ndi zofanana kwambiri. Popeza mbali za kumanzere ndi zofanana, ma equation awiriwa akhoza kuphatikizidwa:
Ngati tichulukitsa mbali zakumanzere ndi zakumanja ndi 3/2 ndiye kuti equation iyi idzasintha mawonekedwe ake kukhala:
Kutentha kumafanana mwachindunji ndi mphamvu yapakati ya mamolekyulu a mpweya. Kutentha kukakhala kwakukulu, mphamvu yapakati ya mamolekyulu a mpweya imakhala yayikulu, mosiyana, kutentha kumakhala kochepa, mphamvu yapakati ya mamolekyulu a mpweya imakhala yochepa. Titha kunena kuti kutentha ndi muyeso wa mphamvu yapakati ya mamolekyulu a mpweya.
Equation ya absolute temperature vs translational kinetic energy 2 ikhoza kulembedwa mwanjira ina:
Choyamba, mphamvu ya kinetic yosinthika ndi mphamvu ya kinetic yomwe ili ndi chinthu kapena molekyulu yomwe ikuyenda mozungulira. Kuyenda kosinthika kungakhale kolunjika, kozungulira, kapena kofanana. Mphamvu yozungulira ndi mphamvu ya kinetic yozungulira. Mphamvu ya kinetic yozungulira ndi mphamvu ya kinetic yomwe ili ndi chinthu kapena molekyulu yomwe ikuyenda mozungulira.
Chachiwiri, mphamvu yapakati yosinthira mphamvu mu equation yomwe ili pamwambapa imagwira ntchito pa mpweya wa monatomu wokha. Zitsanzo za mpweya wa monatomu ndi He (helium), Ar (argon), ndi zina zotero. Kuwonjezera pa mpweya wa monatomu, palinso mpweya wa diatomu. Zitsanzo za mpweya wa diatomu ndi O2 ( oxygen), N2 ( nayitrogeni), CO2 (carbon monoxide), ndi zina zotero. Palinso mpweya wa polyatomic. Mwachitsanzo, CO2 ( carbon dioxide), ndi zina zotero. Mpweya wa monatomu umakhala ndi atomu imodzi yokha, mpweya wa diatomu umakhala ndi maatomu awiri, ndipo mpweya wa polyatomu umakhala ndi maatomu ambiri.
Chachitatu , kutentha kotheratu kuyenera kufotokozedwa mu sikelo ya K (K). Ngati kutentha kukadali mu sikelo ya Celsius ( ° C), choyamba musinthe kukhala sikelo ya Kelvin (K).
Chachinayi, equation 1 ndi equation 2 pamwambapa sizigwira ntchito pazinthu za mpweya zokha, komanso zimagwiranso ntchito ku zakumwa ndi zinthu za mpweya.
Chitsanzo cha mavuto:
Kodi mphamvu yapakati ya mamolekyulu mu mpweya pa 40 o C ndi yotani?
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