Zitsanzo za Mafunso Okhudza Mafupa Omwe Amapanga Chigoba
Pophunzira za kapangidwe ka thupi la munthu, chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi mafupa omwe amapanga mafupa. Mafupa a munthu amapangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafupa, iliyonse ili ndi ntchito yakeyake, kapangidwe kake, ndi malo ake. Kuphunzira za mafupa awa nthawi zambiri kumakambidwa mu mayeso a biology. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana mafunso a zitsanzo ndi mafotokozedwe awo kuti tithandize owerenga kumvetsetsa bwino nkhaniyi.
Mau Oyamba a Mafupa ndi Mafupa
Chigoba cha munthu chimapangidwa ndi chigoba cha m'mbali ndi chigoba cha m'mbali. Chigoba cha m'mbali chimaphatikizapo chigaza, msana, nthiti, ndi sternum. Chigoba cha m'mbali chimaphatikizapo mafupa a manja, miyendo, chiuno, ndi mapewa. Mafupa amenewa amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zofunika, kuphatikizapo kupereka mawonekedwe, kuteteza ziwalo zofunika, kuthandiza kuyenda, kupanga maselo amagazi, ndi kusunga mchere.
Kuti mumvetse bwino za mafupa omwe amapanga mafupa, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mfundo zoyambira za kugawikana kwa mafupa, monga mafupa ataliatali, mafupa afupiafupi, mafupa athyathyathya, ndi mafupa osasinthasintha.
Mafunso ndi Kukambirana Zitsanzo
Mu nkhani yotsatirayi, tikambirana funso lachitsanzo limodzi ndi kufotokozera yankho lake.
Funso 1: Fotokozani kusiyana pakati pa mafupa aatali ndi afupiafupi, ndipo perekani zitsanzo za chilichonse.
Kukambirana:
Mafupa ataliatali ndi mtundu wa fupa lomwe ndi lalitali kuposa m'lifupi mwake ndipo nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi mawonekedwe a tubular. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikuthandiza kulemera kwa thupi ndikulola kuyenda. Mafupa ataliatali nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo ena a thupi omwe amafunikira mphamvu ndi kuyenda, monga manja (humerus ndi radius) ndi miyendo (femur, tibia, ndi fibula).
Mwachitsanzo, fupa la femur ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha fupa lalitali. Lili m'ntchafu, femur ndi fupa lalitali komanso lamphamvu kwambiri m'thupi, lomwe limagwira ntchito yothandizira kulemera kwa thupi komanso kuthandiza kuyenda.
Kumbali ina, mafupa afupiafupi ndi ofanana m'litali ndi m'lifupi, ndipo ali ngati makona atatu. Ntchito yawo yaikulu ndi kupereka bata ndi kuyenda pang'ono. Mafupa afupiafupi nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'manja ndi m'mapazi.
Mwachitsanzo, mafupa a carpal m'dzanja ndi mafupa a tarsal m'kakolo ndi zitsanzo za mafupa afupiafupi. Amalola kuyenda kovuta komanso kusinthasintha m'dzanja ndi m'kakolo.
Funso 2: Kodi mafupa angati omwe ali mu chigoba cha m'mbali mwa munthu ali bwanji, ndipo zigawo zake ndi ziti?
Kukambirana:
Chiwerengero cha mafupa mu chigoba cha munthu ndi 80. Chigoba cha axial chimakhala ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:
1. Chigaza: Chili ndi mafupa 22, kuphatikizapo mafupa a m'khosi ndi a nkhope. Mafupa a m'khosi amateteza ubongo, pomwe mafupa a nkhope amapanga kapangidwe ka nkhope.
2. Mafupa a Khutu la Pakati (Ossicles): Amakhala ndi mafupa ang'onoang'ono 6 omwe ali m'khutu lapakati. Mafupa awa ndi malleus, incus, ndi stapes, ndipo amapezeka m'makutu akumanja ndi akumanzere motsatana.
3. Fupa la Hyoid: Fupa la hyoid ndi fupa lokhalo lomwe siligwirizana mwachindunji ndi fupa lina lililonse. Limagwira ntchito ngati chothandizira minofu ya lilime ndi khosi.
4. Chifuwa cha m'mimba (Sternum): Fupa lathyathyathya lomwe lili pakati pa chifuwa ndipo limagwira ntchito yoteteza mtima ndi mapapo.
5. Nthiti: Pali nthiti 12 zomwe zimateteza ziwalo zomwe zili pachifuwa, monga mapapo ndi mtima.
6. Msana (Mzere wa Vertebral): Uli ndi mafupa 33 ogawidwa m'magawo asanu: khosi lachiberekero (7), chifuwa (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5, yolumikizidwa mu sacrum), ndi coccyx (yopangidwa ndi mafupa 4 olumikizidwa).
Funso 3: Kodi ntchito yaikulu ya mafupa ndi yotani, ndipo ndi matenda atatu ati omwe amafala kwambiri kapena kusokonezeka kwa mafupa?
Kukambirana:
Ntchito zazikulu za dongosolo la mafupa ndi izi:
1. Chithandizo cha Kapangidwe ka Thupi: Chimapereka chimango cha thupi, motero chimapereka mawonekedwe ndi chithandizo chakuthupi.
2. Chitetezo: Chimateteza ziwalo zofunika kwambiri monga ubongo, mtima, ndi mapapo.
3. Kusuntha: Pamodzi ndi minofu, zimathandiza kuti thupi liziyenda kudzera m'malo olumikizirana mafupa.
4. Kupanga Maselo a M'magazi: Mafupa ena amakhala ndi mafuta a m'mafupa omwe ndi malo omwe maselo ofiira a m'magazi, maselo oyera a m'magazi, ndi ma platelet amapangidwa.
5. Kusunga Michere: Mafupa ndi malo osungiramo mchere monga calcium ndi phosphate.
Matenda atatu ofala kapena matenda a mafupa ndi awa:
– Matenda a Osteoporosis: Matenda omwe amachititsa kuti mafupa aziphwanyika mosavuta. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mafupa chifukwa cha ukalamba.
– Nyamakazi: Kutupa kwa mafupa komwe kumayambitsa kupweteka ndi kuuma. Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ndi ya nyamakazi ndi nyamakazi.
– Kusweka kwa mafupa: Kusweka kwa mafupa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuvulala kwa thupi, komwe kungachitike m'njira zosiyanasiyana monga kusweka kwa mafupa otsekedwa, otseguka, kapena odulidwa.
Kutseka
Kumvetsetsa mafupa omwe amapanga mafupa sikuti ndi kofunikira pa maphunziro okha, komanso pa thanzi lathu komanso thanzi lathu. Kuzindikira mitundu ya mafupa, ntchito zawo, ndi nkhani zokhudzana ndi thanzi kungatithandize kumvetsetsa bwino momwe tingasungire mafupa abwino. Mwa kumvetsetsa mafunso ndi zokambiranazi, tikuyembekeza kuti owerenga adzakhala okonzeka bwino kukumana ndi mafunso ofanana m'mipikisano yamaphunziro ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
