Zitsanzo za Mafunso Okhudza Maonekedwe a Mafupa
Mafupa ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu, lomwe limagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pothandiza thupi ndi kuteteza ziwalo zofunika mpaka kusunga mchere ndikupanga maselo a magazi. M'thupi, mafupa amabwera m'mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, lililonse limagwira ntchito yake kutengera malo ake ndi ntchito yake m'thupi. Nkhaniyi ikambirana za mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a mafupa, yokhala ndi zitsanzo za mavuto ndi zokambirana kuti zikuthandizeni kumvetsetsa nkhaniyi.
Maonekedwe a Mafupa
Kawirikawiri, mafupa amatha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo akuluakulu: mafupa athyathyathya, mafupa ataliatali, mafupa afupiafupi, mafupa osakhazikika, ndi mafupa a sesamoid. Tiyeni tikambirane chilichonse.
1. Mafupa Athyathyathya
- Zitsanzo: Chigaza, sternum, ndi nthiti
– Makhalidwe: Ili ndi malo otakata komanso owonda. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuteteza ziwalo zamkati ndikupereka malo akuluakulu ogwirira minofu.
2. Mafupa Aatali
– Zitsanzo: Femur (fupa la ntchafu), humerus (fupa la mkono wapamwamba)
– Makhalidwe: Ndi yayitali kuposa m'lifupi ndipo imagwira ntchito ngati chothandizira kuyenda.
3. Mafupa Afupi
– Chitsanzo: Mafupa a dzanja (carpals) ndi akakolo (tarsals)
– Makhalidwe: Afupi komanso ooneka ngati kyubu. Ntchito yake ndikupereka bata ndikulola kuyenda pang'ono.
4. Mafupa Osasinthasintha
– Zitsanzo: Mafupa a msana, mafupa a m'chiuno
– Makhalidwe: Ali ndi mawonekedwe osasinthasintha ndipo sagwera m'gulu lina lililonse. Amagwira ntchito yoteteza minofu ya mitsempha (monga msana) ndikuthandizira ziwalo zina za thupi.
5. Mafupa a Sesamoid
– Chitsanzo: Patella (bondo)
– Makhalidwe: Kakang'ono komanso kozungulira, kokhazikika mu mtsempha kuti katetezeke ku kupsinjika ndi kuwonongeka.
Mafunso ndi Zokambirana za Zitsanzo
Pansipa pali zitsanzo za mafunso omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyesa kumvetsetsa kwanu mawonekedwe ndi ntchito ya mafupa m'thupi la munthu. Funso lililonse limaphatikizapo kukambirana kuti lipereke kufotokozera kwakuya kwa yankho.
Funso 1
Tchulani ntchito yaikulu ya mafupa athyathyathya ndipo perekani zitsanzo ziwiri!
Kukambirana: Ntchito yaikulu ya mafupa athyathyathya ndi kuteteza ziwalo zofunika kwambiri ndikupereka malo olumikizirana minofu. Zitsanzo ziwiri za mafupa athyathyathya ndi chigaza, chomwe chimateteza ubongo, ndi sternum, yomwe imateteza ziwalo zamkati m'chifuwa.
Funso 2
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mafupa aatali ndi mafupa afupiafupi? Perekani chitsanzo cha mtundu uliwonse!
Kukambirana: Mafupa ataliatali ndi ataliatali kuposa momwe alili ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati zothandizira kuti aziyenda bwino, monga femur m'ntchafu. Koma mafupa afupiafupi amakhala ngati kyubu ndipo amapereka chithandizo ndi kukhazikika popanda kuyenda kwambiri, monga mafupa a carpal m'dzanja.
Funso 3
Nchifukwa chiyani mafupa a sesamoid amatchedwa choncho ndipo ubwino wawo ndi wotani pa mafupa?
Kukambirana: Mafupa a Sesamoid amatchedwa choncho chifukwa amakhala m'misempha. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikuchepetsa kukangana m'malumikizidwe ndikuteteza minofu ku kupsinjika ndi kuwonongeka. Chitsanzo ndi patella, yomwe imateteza bondo.
Funso 4
Kodi mawonekedwe osazolowereka a mafupa a msana amathandiza bwanji kuti ateteze msana?
Kukambirana: Ma vertebrae ali ndi mawonekedwe osasinthasintha omwe amalola kulumikizana pakati pa vertebrae. Mawonekedwe awa amapanga ngalande yolimba ya msana kuti iteteze chingwe cha msana pomwe imalolabe kuyenda kwa msana mosinthasintha.
Funso 5
Fotokozani kufunika kwa mafupa pa ntchito ya hematopoiesis ndipo tchulani malo akuluakulu omwe izi zimachitika.
Kukambirana: Hematopoiesis ndi njira yopangira maselo a m'magazi yomwe imachitika mu fupa. Fupa lokhala ngati siponji m'mafupa ataliatali monga femur ndi humerus, komanso mafupa athyathyathya monga sternum ndi pelvis, ndi malo oyamba kumene izi zimachitika. Fupa lofiira mkati mwa mafupawa ndi lomwe limayambitsa kupanga maselo ofiira a m'magazi (RBCs), maselo oyera a m'magazi (WBCs), ndi ma platelet.
Kutseka
Kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a mafupa ndi ntchito zawo ndi maziko ofunikira pophunzira za kapangidwe ka mafupa. Mawonekedwe aliwonse a mafupa adapangidwa kuti akwaniritse ntchito inayake ndikuthandizira magwiridwe antchito onse a thupi. Mwa kudziwa bwino nkhaniyi, titha kumvetsetsa bwino momwe matupi athu amagwirira ntchito ndikuyankha zosowa ndi zovuta za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Poyankha mafunso omwe ali pamwambapa ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zafotokozedwa, tikukhulupirira kuti mumvetsetsa bwino momwe mafupa amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito. Zachidziwikire, kupitiriza kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi kuphunzira ndikofunikira kuti mulimbikitse kumvetsetsa kwanu komanso luso lanu pa kapangidwe ka mafupa. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi yakuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino kapangidwe ka mafupa a anthu.
