## Hītori o te Whanaketanga o te Ihirama i Indonesia
Ko te Ihirama te whakapono nui rawa atu i Indonesia, te whenua he nui rawa te taupori Muhirama o te ao. He haerenga roa te hītori o te whanaketanga o te Ihirama i Indonesia, e kī ana i ngā hihiri me ngā taunekeneke ahurea. Ahakoa te mana o te Ihirama i tēnei wā, ehara i te mea ohorere te taenga mai me te horapa puta noa i te motu, engari he tukanga roa, mai i te rautau 7 ki te rautau 20. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga te hītori o te whanaketanga o te Ihirama i Indonesia mai i tōna taenga mai ki te wā o te mana motuhake.
### Te Tīmatanga o te Taenga Mai o te Ihirama
I mua noa atu i te taenga mai o te Ihirama i noho te iwi whānui i roto i ngā moutere o Initonīhia. I te wā o te kingitanga o ngā kingitanga nunui pērā i a Srivijaya me Majapahit, i kaha te whakapono Hindu me te whakapono Buddhist. I tae tuatahi mai te Ihirama mā roto i ngā ara hokohoko i whakahaerehia e ngā kaihokohoko Muhirama mai i Arapia, Pāhia, Īnia, me Haina. Nā ngā hononga hokohoko i whakatūria i waenganui i ngā moutere me ngā whenua e karapoti ana i te Moana Arapia me te Moana-a-Kiwa o Pāhia i taea ai te whakawhitiwhiti ahurea me te whakapono.
E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau hītori i tīmata ngā kaihokohoko o te Middle East ki te toro atu ki ngā takutai o Sumatra, Java, me ētahi atu moutere o te motu o Initonīhia i te rautau 7. Ka puta mai hoki ngā taunakitanga mō ngā hapori Muhirama i ngā tuhinga Hainamana, e whakahua ana i te noho o ngā kāinga Arapi i te takutai uru o Sumatra. Heoi, i āta haere te tahuritanga o ngā hapori o te rohe ki te Ihirama, ā, i haere tahi mai me ngā awe ahurea o te rohe.
### Ngā rautau 13 ki te 16: Te horapa me te mana o te Emepaea Ihirama
Ko tētahi o ngā tohu nui i roto i te hītori o te Ihirama i ngā moutere o Initonīhia ko te whakatūnga o te Kāwanatanga o Samudera Pasai i Aceh i te rautau 13. E kiia ana ko tēnei kāwanatanga te kingitanga Ihirama tuatahi i roto i te moutere. I noho a Samudera Pasai hei pokapū nui mō te hokohoko me te horapa o te Ihirama, nā tōna wāhi rautaki me te tautoko a ngā kaihokohoko me ngā mātauranga o te ao Ihirama.
I te rautau 16, ka kaha ake te ngaru o te Ihirama i te putanga mai o ētahi atu kingitanga Ihirama, pērā i te Malacca Sultanate i te Malay Peninsula me te Demak Sultanate i Java. He wāhi nui tā te Malacca Sultanate i roto i te horapa o te Ihirama ki ngā taha tonga me te taha hauauru o te moutere, ko te Demak Sultanate ia i whai wāhi ki te horapa o te Ihirama puta noa i Java me ōna rohe huri noa.
Ko ngā Wali Songo, ngā tāngata tapu rongonui e iwa o Java, he tūranga nui tā rātou i roto i te hora i te Ihirama i roto i te huarahi e tino aro ana ki te ahurea o te rohe. I whakamahia e rātou he huarahi tino whai whakaaro, tae atu ki ngā toi, ngā ahurea me ngā tikanga o te rohe, hei hora i ngā whakaakoranga Ihirama i roto i te huarahi e manakohia ana e te iwi Java.
### Te rautau 17 ki te 19: Te Koroni me te Ihirama
He pānga nui tō te taenga mai o ngā Pākehā ki ngā moutere, tae atu ki ngā Pōtikī, ngā Pāniora, ngā Hōrana, me ngā Piritana, ki te whanaketanga o te Ihirama. I tae tuatahi mai ngā Pōtikī i te tīmatanga o te rautau 16, ā, i angitu te raupatu i a Malaka i te tau 1511. Heoi, ko tā rātou ātete he hononga tata ki te tautoko me te wairua jihadist i roto i ngā kingitanga Ihirama o te rohe.
I te rautau 17, ka tae mai ngā Hōrana, ā, ka whakatūria te VOC (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie), ā, i muri mai ka noho ko rātou te rangatira o te hokohoko me te tōrangapū i roto i te motu. Ko te mana o te VOC, me te kāwanatanga koroni o Hōrana mō te tata ki te toru rautau, i tino pā ki ngā hanganga tōrangapū, whakapono, me te pāpori o te hapori. Heoi, i roto anō i tēnei wā ka tīmata te tupu o te hinengaro Ihirama, me te putanga mai o ngā tohunga rongonui pērā i a Sheikh Yusuf Makassar rāua ko Hamzah Fansuri.
He rerekē ngā kaupapa here a ngā Hōrana ki te Ihirama. I tētahi taha, kāore rātou i pai ki te kōrero mō ngā āhuatanga o te whakapono me te karakia a ngā Muhirama kia kore ai e puta he ātete. I tētahi atu taha, kāore hoki rātou i mangere ki te whakamahi i te kaha hōia hei pehi i ngā whakakeke i whakaohokia e te wairua jihad, pērā i ngā mea i puta i te Pakanga Padri (1821-1837) me te Pakanga o Aceh (1873-1912).
### Te rautau 20: Te Whakahauhau ā-Motu me te Ihirama
I te tīmatanga o te rautau 20, ka tīmata te puta ake o ngā kaupapa whakahou Ihirama i ahu mai i ngā kaiwhakahou o te Rawhiti o Waenganui pērā i a Muhammad Abduh rāua ko Jamaluddin al-Afghani ki Indonesia. I whai ēnei kaupapa ki te whakaora i ngā Mahometa mai i ngā mahi i kiia he poke, me te hoki ki ngā whakaakoranga parakore o te Quran me te Hadith. Nā tēnei wairua whakahou i puta ake ai ngā whakahaere Ihirama hou pērā i a Muhammadiyah (i whakatūria i te tau 1912) me Nahdlatul Ulama (i whakatūria i te tau 1926).
I taua wā anō, ka tīmata te tipu o te iwi ā-iwi o Indonesia, i ahu mai i te whakapono i whakakotahi i ngā iwi, ngā whakapono, me ngā rōpū, hei ātete i te koroni o ngā Tatimana. Ko ngā tino Mahometa pērā i a HOS Tjokroaminoto rāua ko KH Ahmad Dahlan i whakakotahi i te ngākau nui ki te whakapono me te iwi ā-iwi i roto i te pakanga mō te mana motuhake.
I te mutunga, ko te panuitanga o te mana motuhake o Initonīhia i te 17 o Ākuhata, 1945, te tohu o te mutunga o tēnei pakanga roa. He mea nui te tūranga o ngā tohunga Ihirama me ngā whakahaere Ihirama ki te tautoko i te pakanga mō te mana motuhake. I ngā rā tōmua o te mana motuhake, i kaha ngā tautohetohe mō ngā turanga o te kāwanatanga, ā, i te mutunga ka tae ki te whakaaetanga mō Pancasila hei turanga mō te kāwanatanga, e whakanui ana i te kanorau me te manawanui.
### Te Katinga
Ko te hītori roa o te whanaketanga o te Ihirama i Indonesia e whakaata ana i ngā hihiri me te uaua o ngā taunekeneke ahurea, tōrangapū, me te whakapono. Kua urutau te Ihirama ki ngā ahurea o te rohe, me te pupuri tonu i tōna mauri. Nā tōna huarahi ngāwari me te manawanui kua whakaaetia puta noa i ngā taumata katoa o te hapori.
I ēnei rā, he mea nui te Ihirama i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha o te ao i Indonesia, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga wairua, pāpori, tōrangapū, me te ahurea. He mea nui te maioha ki te hītori o te whanaketanga o te Ihirama i Indonesia, ehara i te mea mai i te tirohanga mātauranga anake, engari hei whakapakari hoki i te tuakiri me te kanorau o te motu.
Me maioha tonu ki te wairua manawanui i whakaaturia e ngā kaiwhakararu tuatahi o te Ihirama ki te motu, me ngā takoha a ngā tohunga i whawhai mō te mana motuhake, ā, me whakamahi hei tauira mō te aro atu ki ngā wero o tēnei ao hou.
