Te Hiranga o te Whakaoranga o ngā Wahine i roto i te Hītori o te Ao
Ko te whakawātea i ngā wāhine tētahi o ngā huringa pāpori nui rawa atu i roto i te hītori o te ao. Ko te kupu "whakawātea" e pā ana ki te tukanga whakawātea i ngā here—ahakoa he ture, he ōhanga, he ahurea rānei—e aukati ana i ngā wāhine ki te whiwhi i ngā tika ōrite, ngā whai wāhitanga, me te mana motuhake ki ngā tāne. Ahakoa he rerekē tōna āhua me tōna tere puta noa i ngā rohe, kua hangaia e tēnei pakanga te huarahi o te ao: te awe i ngā pūnaha mātauranga, te tōrangapū, me te ōhanga, tae atu ki te tirohanga a ngā hapori ki te whānau, ki te mahi, me te kaiārahi. Ko te matapaki i te hiranga o te whakawātea i ngā wāhine ko te tūhura i te whānui o te whānuitanga o te haurua o te taupori o te ao, me te hurihanga o te ao hei hua.
Te whakaoranga hei tohu nui i roto i te ahunga whakamua o te ao tūroa
He maha ngā wā ka tuhia te hītori o te ao mā roto i ngā pakanga, ngā hurihanga, me ngā tino tangata rongonui. Engari kei muri i ēnei kaupapa he huringa marino engari he nui ake te pānga: ko te whānui o te whakamana i ngā wāhine hei kaupapa katoa i roto i te hapori. Ina whakawhiwhia ngā wāhine ki te whai wāhi ōrite ki te mātauranga me te mahi, ka nui ake te kaha o te hapori ki te whanaketanga. Ko te mātauranga, ngā pūkenga, me ngā tirohanga i ngaro i mua nā ngā here pāpori ka whai wāhi ki ngā whanaketanga o te pūtaiao, te hauora, ngā toi, me ngā kaupapa here a te iwi.
I roto i ngā iwi tawhito maha, i puritia ngā wāhine i roto i tētahi hanganga patriarchal kaha. I te nuinga o te wā, i herea ngā mana whenua, te mana ki te whiriwhiri i tētahi hoa, tae noa ki te mana ki te kōrero i te aroaro o te marea. Heoi anō, e whakaatu ana ngā tuhinga i kitea tonutia e ngā wāhine ngā huarahi hei whakamahi i te mana - ahakoa hei kaiwhakahaere whare, hei kaihokohoko kore mana, hei kaiwhakaako, hei kaiārahi wairua rānei. Nō muri mai, i whakakaha ake te mana motuhake i ēnei tūranga mā te whakarato i te mana me te tiaki ture.
Mātauranga: te tatau ki te huringa
Ko te hiranga o te whakawātea i ngā wāhine ka kitea nuitia i roto i te urunga atu ki te mātauranga. I roto i ngā wāhi maha, mō ngā rautau, i whakaarohia ngā wāhine kāore i te hiahiatia mō te mātauranga teitei nā te mea ko tō rātou "tūranga" kei roto i te ao o te kāinga. Nō reira, i maumauria te pūmanawa nui. I te wā i akiakihia ai e te kaupapa whakawātea i ngā wāhine te mātauranga—mai i te pānui me te tuhituhi taketake ki te mātauranga teitei—i whānuitia te pānga.
He pai ake ngā whai wāhitanga mahi a ngā wāhine mātau, he kaha ake rātou ki te whakatau kaupapa whānau, ā, he kaha ake hoki ki te whai wāhi atu ki ngā kōrerorero a te marea. I te taha pāpori, e hono ana te mātauranga o ngā wāhine ki te whakahekenga o ngā reiti mate o ngā whaea me ngā tamariki, te whakapai ake i te hauora o te whānau, me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te mātua. I te motu whānui, ko te pikinga ake o te whai wāhi mātauranga a ngā wāhine e tautoko ana i te hua ōhanga me te auahatanga. Arā, ko te whakaoranga mā te mātauranga ehara i te "take wāhine" anake engari he rautaki whanaketanga tangata.
Ngā tika tōrangapū: mai i te hunga e kore e arohia ki te reo whakatau
Ko tētahi o ngā tohu rongonui o te mana motuhake ko te pōti a ngā wāhine. I ngā rautau 19 me te tīmatanga o te rautau 20, i tono ngā kaupapa pōti i roto i ngā whenua maha kia whakamanahia ngā wāhine hei tāngata whenua tuturu. Ehara i te mea ko te pōti anake te mahi pōti, engari ko te whakaae he rite tonu te hiranga o ngā painga o ngā wāhine ki te whakatau i te huarahi e ahu whakamua ai te motu.
Ina uru ngā wāhine ki te pāremata me ngā tūranga tūmatanui, ka huri te kaupapa here. He maha ngā rangahau e whakaatu ana ko te pikinga ake o te māngai o ngā wāhine ka akiaki i te aro nui atu ki ngā take o te mātauranga, te hauora, te tiaki tamariki, te oranga hapori, me te aukati i te tutu i runga i te ira tangata. He pono, ehara i te mea ko ngā kaitōrangapū wāhine katoa e tautoko aunoa ana i te kaupapa kotahi, engari ko tō rātou aroaro ka whānui ake i te whānuitanga o ngā wheako e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ngā whakataunga tūmatanui. Ka pakeke te manapori ina kore ngā reo o ngā tāngata whenua e herea e te ira tangata.
Te whakaoranga ōhanga: te kī ki te mana motuhake me te manawanui pāpori
Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga nui ko te whakaoranga ōhanga—te urunga atu o ngā wāhine ki ngā mahi tika, te utu ōrite, ngā whai wāhitanga whakatairanga, me ngā mana pupuri rawa. I te wā o te ahumahi, he maha ngā wāhine i mahi i roto i ngā wheketere i raro i ngā āhuatanga uaua me ngā utu iti. Heoi, mai i tēnei wheako i puta ake ai te mōhiotanga kāore e taea te wehe i te hē ōhanga mai i te hē pāpori.
Ina whiwhi moni ngā wāhine, ā, ka whai mana hoki rātou ki ngā rauemi, ka nui te panonitanga o ngā whanaungatanga mana i te taumata whānau. He pai ake tā rātou whakarere i ngā whanaungatanga tukino, he nui ake tō rātou herekore ki te whakamahere mō te heke mai, me te tango i ngā tūranga whakatau. I te taha pāpori, mā te pikinga ake o te whai wāhi a ngā wāhine ki te mahi ka whakapakari i te manawanui ōhanga o te whare, ka whakawhānui ake hoki i te hunga waenga-papa. He uaua te whakaaro ki te ao hou—me tana hiahia mō ngā mahi pūkenga me te ōhanga e ahu mai ana i te mātauranga—me te kore he takoha a ngā wāhine.
Te whakahoutanga ture me te tiaki i te tutu
Ko te tikanga anō hoki o te whakaoranga ko te whakahounga ture: ngā mana tuku iho, te tiaki i te wāhi mahi, ngā mana whānau me te hauora, me te aukati i te whakahāwea. I roto i te hītori o te ao, he maha ngā pūnaha ture o mua i whakaaro i ngā wāhine hei "taonga" nō ō rātou whānau, nō ō rātou tāne rānei. Nā te huringa āta haere—mā roto i ngā nekehanga pāpori, ngā whakataunga a te kooti, me te whakahounga ture—i mōhiotia ai kei ngā wāhine te mana whakahaere mō ō rātou tinana, kōwhiringa, me ō rātou oranga.
Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino nui o te whakaoranga o ēnei rā ko te mōhiotanga ki te tutu i runga i te ira tangata hei take tūmatanui, ehara i te mea tūmataiti anake. Ko te tutu ā-whare, te tukino ā-ira tangata, me ētahi atu mahi kino i te nuinga o te wā i whakaarohia noa, i warewarehia rānei. I te mea e piki haere ana te mana o te whakaoranga, kei te piki haere te akiaki ki te tiaki i ngā patunga, ki te whakawā i ngā kaihara, me te hanga i tētahi ahurea e whakahē ana i te tutu. Ehara i te mea ko te tiaki i ngā wāhine anake tēnei engari ka hanga hoki i ngā hapori haumaru ake mō te katoa.
Te huringa ahurea: te wero i ngā momo āhuahanga me te whakawhānui ake i ngā tūranga pāpori
Kāore te pakanga mō te mana motuhake e tū ana i roto i ngā pāremata, i ngā kōti rānei anake, engari i roto hoki i te ahurea o ia rā. Ko ngā momo whakaaro pēnei i te "he koretake ngā wāhine," "me noho ngā tāne hei kaiārahi," "ehara ētahi mahi i te mea mā ngā wāhine" he iti nei ā rātou whiringa oranga, ā, he whakaiti i te whakapono ki a rātou anō o te tini tāngata. Mā te mana motuhake ka werohia ēnei whakaaro mā roto i te whakaaturanga i roto i ngā pāpāho, ngā tuhinga, ngā toi, me te mātauranga.
Ina kitea ngā wāhine hei kaipūtaiao, hei kaitākaro, hei kaiārahi umanga, hei upoko kāwanatanga rānei, ka ako te whakatupuranga hou kāore te kaha e whakatauhia e te ira tangata. Ka pāngia hoki ngā tāne e te pānga: kei te pātaihia ngā tūranga tāne whaiti, tuku iho—pērā i te herenga kia kaha, kaua e noho kare ā-roto, me te noho hei kaiwhiwhi moni anake. I te mutunga, ka huaki te wāhi mō ngā whanaungatanga ōrite me te atawhai tangata i te whakaoranga hauora.
He hononga te whakaoranga o ngā wāhine me te ahunga whakamua o te ao
He mea nui kia mārama ko te whakaoranga o ngā wāhine ehara i te "pakanga ki ngā tāne," engari he ngana ki te hanga hou i te hapori kia tika ake. He maha ngā tāne i roto i te hītori kua noho hei hoa tautoko, me te kite ko te aukati i ngā wāhine he tikanga o te aukati i te ahunga whakamua. Ina wātea ngā wāhine ki te whai wāhi, ka pai ake te kounga o ngā whakataunga, ka nui ake te hua o ngā ōhanga, ka nui ake te whai rawa o ngā whānau, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i ngā pakanga pāpori.
I te ao whānui, e hono ana hoki te mana motuhake ki ngā take nui pēnei i te huringa āhuarangi, te rawakore, me ngā raruraru ā-tangata. Ko ngā wāhine te rōpū e tino pāngia ana e ngā āhuatanga kino me te kore pumau, engari he tino kaiwhakaari rātou i roto i te whakaoranga me te manawanui o te hapori. Nō reira, kua noho te whakamana i ngā wāhine i roto i ngā whenua maha hei pou mō ngā rautaki whanaketanga o te ao.
Ngā wero e toe ana
Ahakoa kua nui ngā ahunga whakamua kua tutuki, kāore anō kia oti te whakawātea i te mana. Ko te kore taurite o ngā utu, te taumahatanga takirua o te mahi kāinga, te kore taurite o te māngai, me te tutu i runga i te ira tangata he take tonu i roto i ngā wāhi maha. Hei tāpiri, ka ara ake ngā wero hou, pērā i te whakatoi ipurangi, ngā kōrero teka e whakakaha ana i ngā momo whakaaro tawhito, me ngā arai hanganga ki te ahu whakamua i roto i te mahi. Ko te pakanga kei mua ehara i te mea ko te tono noa i ngā tika ōrite i runga i te pepa, engari ko te whakarite kia tino wātea mai i roto i te mahi.
Te Katinga
He wāhanga nui o te hītori o te ao te whakawātea i ngā wāhine, nā te mea i whakarerekē i ngā tūāpapa o te hapori: ko wai kei a ia te tika ki te ako, ki te mahi, ki te ārahi, me te whakatau i te heke mai. Nā te haerenga ki te ōritetanga i āwhina i te whakatuwhera i te pūmanawa o te haurua o te taupori tangata, ā, nā reira i tere ake ai te ahunga whakamua o te ao whānui. Mai i te mātauranga ki te tōrangapū, mai i te ōhanga ki te whakahoutanga ture, e whakaatu ana te whakawātea i ngā wāhine ehara i te mea he kaupapa matatika noa iho te ao tika, engari he mea mahi mō te ahunga whakamua ngātahi. E whakaatu ana te hītori ina anga whakamua ngā wāhine, ka anga whakamua te hapori—ā, ina āraia ngā wāhine, ka ngaro te nuinga o te pūmanawa o te ao.
