Te Maramatanga ki te Ture Tuatahi a Newton
He mea hou ngā takoha a Tā Isaac Newton ki te pūtaiao, ā, ko tana Ture Tuatahi o te Nekehanga, e kiia ana ko te Ture o te Āhuakore, tētahi o ngā mātāpono tino taketake o te ahupūngao. Mā tēnei ture ka whakatū te turanga mō ngā mahi miihini tawhito, ā, ka āwhina i a tātou ki te mārama ki te whanonga o ngā mea e neke ana, e takoto kau ana rānei. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka rukuhia e tātou ngā āhuatanga uaua o te Ture Tuatahi a Newton, tōna horopaki hītori, me ōna pānga ki te oranga o ia rā me ngā tono pūtaiao matatau.
### Horopaki Hītori
I whakamāramahia te Ture Tuatahi a Newton i roto i tana pukapuka matua, "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica," i whakaputaina i te tau 1687. I mua i a Newton, ko te tirohanga whānui, i tautokona e Aristotle, ko te hiahia he kaha hei pupuri i te nekehanga. I noho te mana o tēnei ahupūngao Aristotelian mō te tata ki te rua mano tau. Heoi, i kite te Renaissance i tētahi panonitanga o te whakaaro pūtaiao, me ngā tāngata pēnei i a Galileo Galilei e wero ana i ngā tauira tawhito. Nā ngā rangahau a Galileo ki te nekehanga i whakatakoto te turanga mō ngā ture a Newton, inā koa te kitenga ka noho tonu te mea e neke ana ki te neke mēnā kāore he kaha o waho e pāngia.
I whakakotahihia ēnei whakaaro e Newton ki roto i tana Ture Tuatahi: "Ka noho okioki tonu te mea e okioki ana, ā, ka noho neke tonu te mea e neke ana mēnā kāore he kaha o waho e pāngia ana." I whakanuia e tēnei mātāpono ko te nekehanga, ko te kore rānei o taua kaha, he āhua tūturu, ā, ko ngā huringa o te nekehanga ka ahu mai i ngā awe o waho.
### Te Mātāpono o te Āhuakore
Kei te ngako o te Ture Tuatahi a Newton te ariā o te inertia. Ko te inertia te ia o te mea ki te ātete i ngā huringa o tōna āhua nekehanga. Ko te tikanga, he ine i te nui o te "hiahia" o te mea ki te mahi tonu i ngā mea katoa e mahia ana e ia i tēnei wā, ahakoa he noho pūmau, he neke rānei i te tere pumau i roto i te rārangi tika.
#### Papatipu me te Āhuakore
He hononga tika te ngoikore ki te papatipu o tētahi mea. Ka nui ake te papatipu, ka nui ake te ngoikore, arā, he nui ake te kaha e hiahiatia ana hei whakarerekē i te āhua o te nekehanga o te mea. Koia te take he nui ake te kaha e hiahiatia ana hei pana i tētahi kohatu taumaha i te pana i tētahi kohatu iti.
### Ngā Tauira o ia Rā o te Ture Tuatahi a Newton
Ehara te Ture Tuatahi a Newton i te mea he ariā noa iho; ka kitea i roto i ngā āhuatanga o ia rā. Anei ētahi tauira:
1. He Pukapuka i Runga i te Tēpu: Ka noho takoto noa te pukapuka i runga i te tēpu kia pāngia rā anō e te kaha o waho, pērā i te tangata e hiki ake ana i taua pukapuka.
2. Pākete Hoki Pahekeheke: Ka haere tonu te neke o te pākete hoki e pahekeheke ana i runga i te hukapapa i roto i te rārangi tika i te tere pumau nā te mea ka whakaitihia e te mata o te hukapapa te waku. Ka mutu anake mēnā he kaha o waho, pērā i te rākau a te kaitākaro, te waku rānei ki te hukapapa, ka pā ki a ia.
3. Whitiki nohoanga i roto i te motuka: Ina tū ohorere te motuka, ka haere tonu ngā pāhihi i roto i te motuka ki mua i te mea he ngoikore. Koia te mea nui o te mau whitiki nohoanga, nā te mea he kaha o waho hei aukati i ngā pāhihi kei haere tonu ki mua, hei whakarite i tō rātou haumaru.
### Ngā tono i roto i te Hangarau me te Hangarau
He whānui ngā whakamahinga o te Ture Tuatahi a Newton i roto i ngā mara maha, inā koa i roto i te hangarau me te hangarau.
1. Te Haumaru o ngā Waka: Nā te mārama ki te āhua o te korekore kua whanakehia ngā āhuatanga haumaru maha i roto i ngā waka, pērā i ngā whitiki nohoanga me ngā pēke hau. Ka hoahoahia ēnei āhuatanga e ngā miihini hei whakarato i te kaha e tika ana hei ārai i te korekore o ngā pāhihi i ngā wā e tū ohorere ana, e tukinga ana rānei.
2. Te Tūhuratanga ki te Wāhi Ātea: I te wāhi e tata kore ana te waku, e tino kitea ana te Ture Tuatahi a Newton. Ka haere tonu ngā waka mokowhiti i roto i te korehau o te wāhi, me te kore e hiahiatia he pana tonu. Ka whakamahia e ngā kaipūtaiao me ngā miihini tēnei mātāpono hei whakamahere me te whakahaere i ngā misioni wāhi ātea me te whai hua.
3. Hangarau Hanganga: Ka hangaia ngā whare me ngā hanganga mā te whakaaro ki ngā kaha ka pā ki a rātou, tae atu ki tō rātou ake ātete. He mea nui tēnei whakaaro ki ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e ngā rū whenua, e ngā hau nui rānei, kia mau tonu ai te pumau me te haumaru o ngā hanganga.
### Te Āhuakore i roto i ngā Anga Tohutoro Rerekē
E mau ana te Ture Tuatahi a Newton i roto i te anga tohutoro kore-pūmau—he anga e okioki ana, e neke ana rānei i te tere pumau. Heoi, i roto i ngā anga tohutoro kore-pūmau (ngā anga e tere haere ana), te āhua nei ka pā mai ngā kaha tāpiri ki ngā mea, ka uaua ai te tātari i te nekehanga.
Hei tauira, ko te pāhihi i roto i tētahi motuka e tere tere ana ka pēhia ki muri ki tōna nohoanga. Ahakoa te āhua nei kei te pā mai tētahi kaha ki te pāhihi i roto i te anga kore-inertia o te motuka e tere tere ana, ko te mea pono, ko te anga o te motuka te mea e rerekē ana e pā ana ki tētahi anga inertia e ahu mai ana i te whenua.
### Ngā Pānga ki te Ahupūngao
Ehara i te mea ko te Ture Tuatahi a Newton anake te mea e whakarato ana i te māramatanga ki ngā āhuatanga o ia rā, engari e tautoko ana hoki i ngā mātāpono uaua ake o te ahupūngao. He mea nui tēnei hei mārama ki ngā ture tiaki taiao, pērā i te tiakitanga o te nekehanga me te pūngao.
### Ngā Wero me ngā Here
Ahakoa he ātaahua te whakaahuatanga a te Ture Tuatahi a Newton i ngā taunekeneke ā-tinana maha, he iti noa iho ōna herenga. Kāore e whakamārama ana i ngā kaha i te taumata irahiko, i te awe rānei o te kaha ā-papa i runga i te tauine aorangi, ā, he tika ake te whakaahuatanga i roto i te ariā Whānui a Einstein.
### Whakamutunga
Nā te Ture Tuatahi o te Nekehanga a Newton, te Ture o te Āhuakore, i huri i tō tātou māramatanga ki te nekehanga. I homai he whakamārama mārama, poto hoki mō te whanonga o ngā mea, me te whakanui i te tūranga o ngā kaha o waho ki te whakarerekē i te āhua o te nekehanga o tētahi mea. Ka kitea ōna mātāpono i roto i te oranga o ia rā, he mea nui ki te hangarau me te hangarau, ā, he tūāpapa hoki mō ngā whanaketanga o te pūtaiao. Ahakoa ōna herenga, he ariā matua tonu te Ture Tuatahi a Newton i roto i te ao ahupūngao, e whai pānga tonu ana ki te huarahi e mārama ai tātou me te taunekeneke ki te ao tūroa.
