Te whakamāramatanga o te rerenga hiko
Mō te mara hiko, kua kōrerohia te whakamāramatanga me te whārite o te mara hiko ka taea te whakamahi hei tatau i te kaha o te mara hiko e puta mai ana i tētahi utu hiko, i ētahi utu hiko, i tētahi tohatoha utu hiko rānei. Ka taea te whakaoti ngāwari i te tatau i te kaha o te mara hiko e puta mai ana i tētahi utu hiko, i ētahi utu hiko rānei mā te whakamahi i te tātai o te kaha o te mara hiko. Mēnā ko te kaha o te mara hiko e tatauhia ana e puta mai ana i tētahi tohatoha utu hiko, ka uaua ake te tatau mēnā ka whakamahia te tātai mō te kaha o te mara hiko, engari he māmā ake te whakamahi i te ture a Gauss . I mua i te ako hohonu i te ture a Gauss, me mārama tuatahi ki te rerenga hiko nā te ariā o te rerenga hiko e whakamahia ana i roto i te ture a Gauss.
I ahu mai te kupu rere i te kupu Latina, fluere, ko tōna tikanga he rere. Ka taea te whakamaori i te rere hiko hei rere o te mara hiko. Kāore te kupu rere i konei e whakaatu ana i te mara hiko e rere ana pērā i te wai e rere ana, engari e whakamārama ana i te noho o te mara hiko e arahi ana ki tētahi ahunga motuhake. Mō ngā rārangi mara hiko, kua whakamāramahia ko te mara hiko ka whakaatuhia, ka tuhia rānei mā te whakamahi i ngā rārangi mara hiko, nō reira ka whakaahuahia hoki ngā rere hiko hei rārangi mara hiko. Nō reira, ko te rere hiko he rārangi mara hiko e whiti ana i tētahi horahanga mata motuhake, e whakaatuhia ana i te pikitia i raro nei.
Te whārite o te rerenga hiko
I roto i te pāngarau, ko te rerenga hiko te hua o te papa hiko (E), te horahanga mata (A) me te kōsina o te koki i waenganui i te rārangi papa hiko me te rārangi noa e poutū ana ki te mata.
F = EA cos θ …………. (Write 1)
Mena he poutū ngā rārangi papa hiko ki te horahanga mata e pā ana ki a rātou pērā i te pikitia, ko te koki i waenganui i te rārangi papa hiko me te rārangi noa ko 0 o , ko cos 0 o = 1. Nō reira, ka huri te tātai mō te rerenga hiko ki:
F = EA cos 0o = EA (1)
F = EA …………………. (Whārite 2)
I runga i te tātai, ka whakatau te rerenga hiko i runga ake nei i ētahi mea. Tuatahi, ko te rerenga hiko te mea mōrahi ina he poutū te rārangi mara hiko ki te horahanga mata nā te mea i tēnei āhuatanga ko te koki i waenga i te rārangi mara hiko me te rārangi noa ko 0o, ko te kosine 0o ko 1. Tuarua, ko te rerenga hiko te mea iti rawa ina he whakarara te rārangi mara hiko ki te horahanga mata nā te mea i tēnei āhuatanga ko te koki i waenga i te rārangi mara hiko me te rārangi noa ko 90 o , ko te kosine 90 o ko 0. Tuatoru, ko te rerenga hiko e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mara hiko (E) me te horahanga mata (A). Haunga te horahanga mata tapawhā pērā i te tauira i runga ake nei, ka taea hoki te porowhita te horahanga mata me ētahi atu.
Te rerenga hiko i runga i te mata kua kati
Ko te utu hiko i whakaahuatia i mua ake nei e whakamahi ana i tētahi tauira o tētahi mata tuwhera (te horahanga mata tapawhā, tapawhā rānei). He aha te āhua o ngā rerenga hiko i runga i ngā mata kati pērā i ngā poraka, ngā kurupae, ngā pōro rānei? Me kī he rārangi āpure hiko e tika ana mā roto i te kurupae, e whakaaturia ana i raro nei.
Ko ngā rārangi mara hiko kua tae ki te kikorangi ka taurite ki ngā mata o runga me raro o te hihi, kia hanga ai he koki o te 90.o me te rārangi noa o ngā mata o runga me raro. Nō reira, ko te rerenga hiko i runga i ngā mata o runga me raro o te hihi ko F = EA cos 90o = EA (0) = 0.
Ko ngā rārangi āpure hiko kua hoatu he tae kōwhai ka taurite ki ngā mata taha matau me maui o te hihi kia hanga he koki 90 ° ki te rārangi noa o ngā mata taha maui me matau. Nō reira, ko te rerenga hiko i te taha matau me te taha maui o te hihi ko F = EA cos 90 ° = EA (0) = 0.
Ka hoatu he whero poutū ki ngā rārangi mara hiko ki ngā mata o mua me muri o te hihi kia hanga he koki 0 ° ki te rārangi noa o ngā mata o mua me muri. Nō reira, ko te rerenga hiko ko F = EA cos 0 ° = EA (1) = EA A.
I te ahua i runga ake nei, ka neke ngā rārangi whero o te papa hiko ki roto i te hihi, kātahi ka neke atu i te hihi. Ina neke ngā rārangi papa hiko ki roto i te hihi me te mea he utu kino kei roto i te hihi, ka kino te rerenga hiko. I tetahi atu taha, ina neke ngā rārangi papa hiko ki waho i te hihi me te mea he utu pai kei roto i te hihi, ka pai te rerenga hiko. I te taha kounga, ki te rite te maha o ngā rārangi papa hiko e tomo ana ki te hihi ki te maha o ngā rārangi papa hiko e puta mai ana i te hihi, ka kore te rerenga hiko e puta mai ana. I te taha tauanga, ka tatauhia te rerenga hiko e puta mai ana i roto i te hihi penei: rerenga hiko e haere mai ana = F 1 = – EA cos 0 o = – EA (1) = -EA me te rerenga hiko e puta atu ana = F 2 = + EA cos 0 o = + EA (1) = + EA A. Ko te rerenga hiko katoa ko F = – F 1 + F 2 = -EA + EA = 0.
I runga i ngā tātaitanga o runga ake nei, i whakatauhia ko te rerenga hiko katoa e puta ana i roto i te hihi e ai ki te pikitia i runga ake nei he kore. Ka taea te kī he kore te rerenga hiko katoa nā te mea kāore he utu hiko i roto i te hihi. Nō reira, ki te kore he utu hiko i roto i tētahi mata kati pērā i ngā hihi, ngā poraka, ngā porowhita, me ētahi atu, ka kore te rerenga hiko katoa. He aha mēnā he utu hiko kei runga i tētahi mata kati?
Me kī he utu hiko kei waenganui o te pōro, e whakaaturia ana i te pikitia kei te taha. Ko ngā rārangi e whā o te papa hiko e whakaahuatia ana hei tohu i ngā rārangi o ētahi atu papa hiko e neke atu ana i waenganui o te porowhita poutū ki te mata o te porowhita. He poutū ia rārangi ki te mata o te pōro, ā, mā roto ka hangaia he koki o te 0.o me te rārangi noa e poutū ana ki te mata o te pōro.
Te rerenga hiko i runga i te pōro: Φ = E A.
Ko te tātai mō te kaha o te papa hiko ko E = kq / r 2 , ā, ko te whārite o te horahanga mata o te porowhita ko A = 4 pr 2 kia huri ai te tātai o te rerenga hiko ki:
Mena ko te utu i waenganui o te pōro he + 2Q, ko te rerenga hiko i runga i te pōro he
I runga i te tātai rerenga hiko, ka whakatauhia mēnā he utu hiko kei roto i te mata porowhita kua kati,
Kāore te uara o te rerenga hiko i runga i te pōro e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whānui, ki te pūtoro rānei o te pōro. Ko te rahi o te rerenga hiko he 4πk whakareatia te tapeke o te utu hiko i roto i te pōro, he 1/ε o rānei te tapeke o te utu hiko i roto i te pōro.
Te waeine o te rerenga hiko
Ko te tātai taketake mō te rerenga hiko ko F = EA, ko E te kaha o te papa hiko, ā, ko A te horahanga mata. Ko te waeine o te papa hiko ko Newton ia Coulomb (N/C), ā, ko te waeine o te horahanga mata ko te mita tapawha (m2 ) kia rite ai ki te waeine o te rerenga hiko ko Newton mita tapawha ia Coulomb (Nm2 / C).
