Ngā ture nekehanga a Newton – ngā raruraru me ngā otinga

Ngā ture nekehanga a Newton – ngā raruraru me ngā otinga

Te ture tuatahi o te nekehanga a Newton

1. Ki te kore he kaha kupenga e pā ki tētahi mea, kāti:

(1) kāore te mea i whakaterea

(2) te mea e okioki ana

(3) te huringa o te tere o tētahi mea = 0

(4) kāore e taea e te mea te haere i te tere pumau

Ko tēhea kōrero te mea tika?

otinga

Ko te kōrero tika:

(1) Kāore te mea i whakaterea

Mā te kaha kupenga ka whakatereteretia te mea. Nō reira, ki te kore he kaha kupenga, kāore ngā mea e whakatereteretia ana.

(2) Te mea e okioki ana

E ai ki te ture nekehanga tuatahi a Newton, ki te kore he kaha kupenga e pā ki tētahi mea, ka noho okioki tonu te mea, ka haere tonu rānei te mea i te tere pumau.

(3) Te huringa o te tere o tētahi mea = 0

Huringa o te tere = whakaterenga. Ko te kore huringa o te tere kāore he whakaterenga. Mēnā kāore he whakaterenga, kāore he kaha kupenga e pā ki tētahi mea.

Te mea i roto i te ararewa

2. Ko te taumaha o te tangata i roto i te ararewa e okioki ana = 500 N. Ko te whakaterenga nā te kaha ā-papa he 10 m/s ^2. Ina whakaterenga te ararewa, ko te kaha kume he 750 N. He aha te whakaterenga o te ararewa?

Mōhiotia:

Taumaha o te tangata (w) = 500 Newton = 500 kg ms ^–2 (hikinga i te okiokinga)

Te whakaterenga o te kaha ā-papa (g) = 10 ms ^–2

Papatipu o te tangata (m) = 500 / 10 = 50 kg

Te kaha kume (T) = 750 N (te tere o te hiki)

Kāore i arohia te papatipu o te ararewa.

E hiahiatia ana: Te whakaterenga o ngā ararewa

Rongoā:

He ararewa e okioki ana, kāore he whakaterenga (a = 0). He tohu tāpiri kei te kaha e mahi ana ki runga, ā, he tohu tango kei te kaha e mahi ana ki raro.

ΣF = ma

T – w = 0

T = w

T = 500 Ngā Niutona

Ki te tere te ararewa ki raro, ko te kaha kume iti rawa i raro i te 500 N. Ki te kore, ki te tere te ararewa ki runga, ko te kaha kume nui ake i te 500 N.

Ko te kaha kume = 750 N nā te mea ka tere ake te ararewa ki runga. He tohu tāpiri tō te kaha e mahi ana ki runga, ā, he tohu tango tō te kaha e mahi ana ki raro.

T – w = ma

750 – 500 = 50 a

250 = 50

ā = 250 / 50

a = 5.0 ms ^–2

3. I tere ake te heke o tētahi tangata 60-kg i roto i tētahi ararewa i te 3 m/s² ^. Mena ko te tere o te kaha ā-papa he 10 m/s² ^, he aha te kaha noa e pā ana ki te papa o te ararewa ki runga i te tangata?

Mōhiotia:

Taumaha (m) = 60 kg

Te whakaterenga o te tangata me te ararewa (a) = 3 m/s ²

Te whakaterenga nā te kaha ā-papa (g) = 10 m/s ²

Taumaha (w) = mg = (60)(10) = 600 Ngā Newton

E hiahiatia ana: Te kaha noa (N)

Rongoā:

E rua ngā kaha e pā ana ki te tangata i roto i te ararewa, arā, ko te taumaha (w) o te tangata me te kaha noa (N) e pā ana ki te papa. E toru ngā rahinga whārite, arā, ko te taumaha (w), te kaha noa (N) me te whakaterenga o te ararewa. Ina heke te taumaha, ka piki te kaha noa, ka heke te whakaterenga o te ararewa. He tohu tāpiri kei ngā rahinga whārite e heke ana, ā, he tohu tango kei ngā rahinga whārite e piki ana.

∑F = ma

w – N = (60)(3)

600 – N = 180

N = 600 – 180

N = 420 Niutona

4. I tere ake te piki o tētahi mea 40-kg i roto i tētahi ararewa. Mēnā he 520 N te taumaha o te papa o te ararewa ki runga i te mea, ā, ko te tere o te kaha ā-papa he 10 m/s² ^. He aha te tere o te ararewa?

Mōhiotia:

Taumaha (m) = 40 kg

Te kaha noa (N) = 520 N

Te whakaterenga nā te kaha ā-papa (g) = 10 m/s ²

taumaha (w) = mg = (40)(10) = 400 N

E hiahiatia ana: Te whakaterenga o te ararewa

Rongoā:

∑F = ma

400 – 520 = (40)(a)

-120 = (40)(a)

ā = -120/40

a = -3 m/s ²

Ko te tere o te ararewa he 3 m/s² ^. Ko te tohu tango e tohu ana kei te haere te ararewa ki runga.

5. I tere ake te heke o tētahi mea 60-kg i roto i tētahi ararewa i te 3 m/s ^2. He aha te kaha i pā ki ngā mea i runga i te papa o te ararewa?

Mōhiotia:

Taumaha (m) = 60 kg

Taumaha (w) = mg = (60 kg)(10 m/s² ⁾ = 600 kg m/s² ⁼ 600 Newton

Te whakaterenga o te ararewa (a) = 3 m/s ² , ki raro

E hiahiatia ana: Te kaha i pā ki te papa o te ararewa e te mea i mahia e ia.

Rongoā:

I tere ake te ararewa ki raro i te 3 m/s . He tohu tāpiri kei te kaha e mahi ana ki raro, ā, he tohu tango kei te kaha e mahi ana ki runga.

w – N = ma

N = w – ma

N = 600 – (60)(3)

N = 600 – 180

N = 420 Niutona

Ko te kaha i pā ki te papa o te ararewa = 420 N.

6. E rua ngā poraka e honoa ana e te taura e rere ana i runga i te pūreirei. Kaua e aro ki te taumaha o te taura me te pūreirei me te waku i roto i te pūreirei. Ko te taumaha o te poraka A he 6 kg, ā, ko te taumaha o te poraka B he 2 kg. Ko te tere o te kaha ā-papa he 10 m/s² ^. He aha te kaha kume?

Mōhiotia:

m _A = 6 kg, m _B = 2 kg, g = 10 m/s ²

w _A = m _A g = (6 kg)(10 m/s² ⁾ = 60 kg m/ ^s²

w _B = m _B karamu = (2 kg)(10 m/s² ⁾ = 20 kg m/ ^s²

E hiahiatia ana: te kaha kume (T)?

Rongoā:

Ka neke a w _A > w _B kia heke a m _A , ka neke a m _B ki runga.

Te ture tuarua a Newton:

Σ F = ma

w _A – w _B = (m _A + m _B ) a

60 – 20 = (6 + 2) he

40 = (8) he

a = 40 / 8 = 5 m/s ²

Te kaha o te kume:

Ka neke a m _A ki raro:

w _A – T _A = m _A a

60 – T _A = (6)(5)

60 – TA ₌ 30

TA = 60 – ₃₀

T ₂ = 30 Newton

Ka neke ake a m _B :

T _B – w _B = m _B a

T _B – 20 = (2)(5)

T _B – 20 = 10

T _B = 10 + 20

T ₁ = 30 Newton

Te kaha kume (T) = 30 Newton.

7. Papatipu o te mea A = 5 kg, whakaterenga nā te kaha ā-papatipu (g) ​​= 10 ms ^-2 . Ka neke whakararo te mea A i te 2.5 ms ^-2 . He aha te papatipu o B?

Mōhiotia:

Taumaha A (m _A ) = 5 kg

Te whakaterenga nā te kaha ā-papa (g) = 10 m/s ²

Te whakaterenga o te mea A (a) = 2.5 m/s ²

Taumaha A (w _A ) = (m _A )(g) = (5)(10) = 50 Ngā Niutona

E hiahiatia ana: Taumaha o te mea B (m _B )

Rongoā:

Ka neke te Poraka A ki raro, nō reira he nui ake te taumaha o te mea A (w _{A ) i te taumaha o te mea B (w B} ).

Whakamahia te ture tuarua a Newton:

Σ F = ma

w _A – w _B = (m _A + m _B ) a

50 – (m _B )(10) = (5 + m _B ) (2.5)

50 – 10 m _B = 12.5 + 2.5 m _B

50 – 12.5 = 2.5 m _B + 10 m _B

37.5 = 12.5 m _B

m _B = 3 kg

8. Ko te whakaterenga nā te kaha ā-papa he 10 m/s ^2. He aha te kaha kume.

Mōhiotia:

Papatipu o te mea 1 (m₁) = 2 kirokaramu

Taumaha o te mea 2 (m² ₎ = 2 kg

Te whakaterenga nā te kaha ā-papa (g) = 10 m/s ²

Taumaha 1 (w ₁ ) = (m ₁ )(g) = (2 kg)(10 m/s ² ) = 20 kg m/s ²

Taumaha 2 (w ₂ ) = (m ₂ )(g) = (3 kg)(10 m/s ² ) = 30 kg m/s ²

E hiahiatia ana: te kaha kume (T)

Rongoā:

Ka neke a w ₂ ki _raro , ka neke _a m ₁ ki runga.

Te ture tuarua o te nekehanga a Newton:

Σ F = ma

w ₂ – w ₁ = (m ₁ + m ₂ ) a

30 – 20 = (2 + 3) a

10 = (5) he

a = 10 / 5 = 2 m/ ^s2.

Te kaha o te taumahatanga?

ka neke whakararo _a m2

w ₂ – T ₂ = m ₂ a

30 – T ₂ = (3)(2)

30 – T ₂ = 6

T ₂ = 30 – 6

T ₂ = 24 Newton

Ka neke ake a m ₁

T ₁ – w ₁ = m ₁ a

T ₁ – 20 = (2)(2)

T ₁ – 20 = 4

T ₁ = 20 + 4

T ₁ = 24 Newton

Te kaha kume (T) = 24 Newton.

1. pātai: He aha te ture nekehanga tuatahi a Newton e whakanui ai i te hiranga o ngā kaha o waho ki te whakarerekē i te āhua nekehanga o tētahi mea? whakahoki: Ko te ture nekehanga tuatahi a Newton, e kiia ana ko te ture o te korekore, e kī ana ka noho tonu te mea i te okiokinga, i te nekehanga ōrite rānei i roto i te rārangi tika ki te kore e pāngia e te kaha o waho. E whakaatu ana tēnei ture ko ngā kaha o waho, ehara i te mea ko ngā āhuatanga o roto o te mea tonu, ka taea te whakarerekē i tōna āhua nekehanga.
2. pātai: He aha te hononga e pā ana ki te kaha, te papatipu, me te whakaterenga e ai ki te ture tuarua a Newton? whakahoki: E ai ki te ture nekehanga tuarua a Newton, ko te kaha e pā ana ki tētahi mea he ōrite ki te papatipu o taua mea kua whakareatia ki tōna whakaterenga ($F=ma$). Mā tēnei ka whakatūria he ōwehenga tika i waenga i te kaha me te whakaterenga, me te ōwehenga whakamuri i waenga i te papatipu me te whakaterenga, mēnā he kaha pumau.
3. pātai: He aha koe te rongo ai i te nekehanga o te Ao ahakoa e nekeneke tonu ana? whakahoki: He tauira tēnei o te ture tuatahi a Newton. Ko tātou, me te Ao me ngā mea katoa i runga, e neke tahi ana i runga i te ōrite. Ki te kore he kaha o waho hei whakarerekē i tēnei āhua nekehanga, kāore he kare ā-roto o te whakaterenga, o te huringa rānei, e āhua tū tonu ana tātou.
4. pātai: He pēhea te whakamārama a te ture tuatoru a Newton i te mahi a te rōkete i te wāhi? whakahoki: E ai ki te ture tuatoru a Newton, mō ia mahi, he tauhohenga ōrite, he tauhohenga rerekē. Ka panaia e te rōkete i te wāhi mā te pupuhi i ngā hau putanga ki muri. Ko te mahi ko te hau e neke whakamuri ana, ā, ko te tauhohenga ko te rōkete e neke whakamua ana.
5. pātai: He aha koe ka neke whakamua ai i roto i te motuka ina tū whakarere? whakahoki: E ai ki te ture tuatahi a Newton, ka haere tonu tō tinana i tōna āhua nekehanga (whakamua) ina tū te motuka. Ki te kore he kaha (pēnei i te whitiki nohoanga) e pā ki a koe, ka haere tonu koe i mua nā te kore e taea te neke.
6. pātai: Ki te makahia he huruhuru manu me te hama ki roto i te korehau, he aha te mea ka taea e ngā ture a Newton te matapae mō tā rāua nekehanga? whakahoki: I roto i te korehau, kāore he ātete hau. E ai ki ngā ture tuatahi me te tuarua a Newton, me taka te huruhuru me te hama i te tere kotahi, ā, me pā tahi ki te whenua nā te mea ko te kaha ā-papa anake te kaha e pā ana ki a rāua.
7. pātai: Me pēhea te whakaiti a te pēke hau i te tūponotanga o te whara i te wā o te tukinga motuka? whakahoki: E tohu ana te ture tuatahi a Newton ka noho tonu te mea e neke ana i te nekehanga. I roto i te tukinga, ka haere tonu te nekehanga whakamua o te tangata. Ka whakaratohia e te pēke hau he mata ngohengohe e whakanui ana i te wā o te whakahekenga, ā, ka whakaitihia te kaha e pā ana ki te tangata e ai ki $F=ma$.
8. pātai: He aha i māmā ake ai te pana i tētahi kete hokohoko kau i tētahi kete hokohoko kī tonu? whakahoki: Te ture tuarua a Newton ($F=ma$) e kī ana, mō te nui o te kaha e pā ana, ka nui ake te whakaterenga o tētahi mea he iti ake te papatipu (kāreti kau) i tētahi mea he nui ake te papatipu (kāreti utaina).
9. pātai: He aha te take e pana ai te wai e te kauhoe ki muri kia neke whakamua ai? whakahoki: He whakaaturanga tēnei o te ture tuatoru a Newton. Ina panaia te wai e te kaihoe ki muri (te mahi), ka puta he tauhohenga ōrite, he tauhohenga ritenga kē hoki e pana ana i te kaihoe ki mua.
10. pātai: He aha te hononga o te waku ki te ture tuatahi a Newton? whakahoki: Ko te waku he kaha o waho ka taea te mahi ki ngā mea hei whakaroa, hei aukati rānei i tā rātou nekehanga. Ki te kore he waku (he kaha o waho rānei), ka haere tonu te āhua o te nekehanga o te mea mō ake tonu atu, e ai ki te ture tuatahi a Newton.