Te Mārama ki te Tahua a te Kāwanatanga
Ko te Tahua ā-Motu (APBN) te tuhinga whakamahere pūtea ā-tau a te kāwanatanga i whakaaetia e te Whare o ngā Māngai (DPR). E whakamārama ana te APBN i ngā mahere moni whiwhi me ngā mahere whakapaunga a te kāwanatanga mō te tau pūtea kotahi. I Initonīhia, ka rere te tau pūtea mai i te 1 o Hānuere ki te 31 o Tīhema. He mahi nui tā te APBN ki te whakatau i ngā kaupapa here ōhanga o te whenua me te whakatinana i ngā kaupapa whanaketanga ā-motu.
Hītori me te Horopaki
I roto i ngā tau o mua, i puta mai te ariā o te tahua ā-motu i te taha o te whanaketanga o te kawenga a te kāwanatanga o ēnei rā mō te oranga o ōna tāngata whenua. I Initonīhia, i tīmata te whakamahere tahua ā-motu i te wā o te koroni o Hōrana, ā, i haere tonu te whanaketanga tae noa ki te mana motuhake. I roto i ngā tau, kua whakatikatikaina tonutia te tukanga tuhi, whakatinana, me te tirotiro i te tahua ā-motu.
I ngā rā tōmua o te mana motuhake, i hangaia te tahua ā-motu (APBN) kia māmā noa iho, me te iti o te whānuitanga me te tohatoha tahua. I te taha o ngā whanaketanga ōhanga, pāpori, me te tōrangapū i Initonīhia, kua tino uaua haere, kua whānui haere te pūnaha APBN, e kapi ana i ngā momo rāngai pērā i te mātauranga, te hauora, te hanganga, me te parepare.
Ngā Whāinga me ngā Mahi o te Tahua ā-Motu
He maha ngā whāinga matua me ngā mahi a te APBN e tino hira ana mō te pumau me te ahunga whakamua o te whenua:
1. Te Tohatoha Rauemi
Ko tētahi o ngā mahi matua o te Tahua ā-Motu (APBN) ko te tohatoha i ngā rauemi ā-motu. Ko te APBN te kawenga mō te whakahaere i ngā whakapaunga a te kāwanatanga ki ngā rāngai e whakaarohia ana e te kāwanatanga he mea nui, pērā i te mātauranga, te hauora, ngā hanganga, me te oranga hapori. Mēnā ka tohatoha tika, e tūmanakohia ana ka pai ake te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi, ā, ka tautokona te tipu ōhanga.
2. Te Pūmautanga Ōhanga
He mea nui te tahua ā-motu (APBN) ki te pupuri i te pumau o te ōhanga ā-motu. Ka taea e te kāwanatanga te whakamahi i te tahua hei whakahaere i te pikinga utu, te kore mahi, me te tipu ōhanga. Hei tauira, i te wā o te paheketanga ohaoha, ka taea e te kāwanatanga te whakanui ake i te whakapaunga a te iwi hei whakaoho i te ōhanga, i te taha kē rānei, te whakaiti i te whakapaunga i te wā e tiketike ana te pikinga utu.
3. Te Tohatoha Moni Whiwhi
Mā te tahua ā-motu (APBN), ka taea e te kāwanatanga te whakatinana i ngā kaupapa here tohatoha moni whiwhi hei whakaiti i ngā rerekētanga ōhanga me te pāpori. Ko ngā kaupapa āwhina pāpori, ngā tautoko, me ngā ratonga tūmatanui ētahi tauira o te mahi a te APBN hei taputapu mō te tohatoha moni whiwhi tika ake.
4. Te Tirotiro me te Kawenga
He taputapu tirotiro me te kawenga hoki te Tahua ā-Motu. Me whakarite mārama te kāwanatanga i te Tahua ā-Motu, ā, me kawenga hoki ki te iwi mā roto i te Whare o ngā Māngai (DPR). Me tuhi me te arotake taipitopito i ngā whakapaunga me ngā moni whiwhi katoa kia mōhio ai kei te whakamahia te tahua e ai ki te whakamahere.
Te Tukanga Whakarite Tahua ā-Motu
He maha ngā wāhanga o te whakarite i te tahua a te kāwanatanga o Initonīhia e whai mana ana i raro i te ture. Ko ngā wāhanga matua o te tukanga whakarite tahua a te kāwanatanga e whai ake nei:
1. Te Whakarite i ngā Tuhipoka Pūtea me te Tauira Tahua ā-Motu
Ko te wāhanga tuatahi ko te whakarite a te kāwanatanga i te Pūrongo Pūtea, kei roto nei he tirohanga whānui mō ngā āhuatanga ōhanga o te motu, ngā kaupapa here pūtea, me ngā kaupapa matua o ngā kaupapa here a te kāwanatanga. I taua wā anō, ka whakaritea hoki te Tahua Tahua ā-Motu (RAPBN), he mahere taipitopito mō ngā moni whiwhi me ngā whakapaunga a te kāwanatanga mō te tau pūtea e haere ake nei.
2. Kōrero i roto i te DPR
Kia oti te tuhi i te tauira tahua ā-motu (RAPBN), ka tukuna ki te Whare o ngā Māngai (DPR) hei whakaaroaro. Ka uru atu ki tēnei whakaaroaro ngā komihana DPR e tika ana, ā, ko rātou te hunga e arotake ana i ngā tono tahua a te kāwanatanga. He mea nui tēnei tukanga hei whakarite kia rite te tahua ki ngā hiahia o te marea.
3. Te Whakamanatanga o te Tahua Tauira a te Kāwanatanga
Whai muri i ngā kōrero me ngā whakatikatika maha, ka whakamanahia te Tahua Tahua ā-Motu (RAPBN) e te Whare o ngā Māngai (DPR) hei Tahua Tahua ā-Motu (APBN). I te nuinga o te wā ka whakamanahia tēnei i mua i te tīmatanga o te tau pūtea hou, kia whai mana ai te APBN mai i te tīmatanga o te tau pūtea.
4. Te whakatinanatanga o te Tahua ā-Motu
Kia whakamanahia, ka whakatinanahia te Tahua ā-Motu e ngā manatū me ngā tari kāwanatanga. Me whakamahi ia tūemi tahua i runga anō i te mahere kua whakatakotoria i roto i te Tahua ā-Motu. Ko te Manatū Pūtea te kawenga mō te whakahaere me te aroturuki i te whakatinanatanga o te tahua.
5. Te Tirotiro me te Aromatawai
Ko te tirotiro i te whakatinanatanga o te tahua a te kāwanatanga e whakahaerehia ana e ngā umanga maha, tae atu ki te Tari Arotake Matua (BPK) me te Whare o ngā Māngai (DPR). Ko te mahi a te BPK he arotake i ngā pūrongo pūtea a te kāwanatanga kia mōhio ai kei te whakamahia pai te tahua, ā, kei te rite hoki ki ngā ture e tika ana.
Hanganga Tahua ā-Motu
E rua ngā wāhanga matua o te APBN: ko te moni whiwhi a te kāwanatanga me te whakapaunga.
1. Moni Whiwhi a te Kāwanatanga
Kei roto i ngā moni whiwhi a te kāwanatanga ngā momo puna moni e whiwhihia ana e te kāwanatanga i roto i te tau pūtea. Ka taea te whakarōpū i ēnei moni whiwhi ki ētahi momo:
– Taake: Ko ngā taake te pūtake matua o ngā moni whiwhi a te kāwanatanga, tae atu ki te taake moni whiwhi (PPh), te taake uara tāpiri (PPN), te taake whenua me te hanga (PBB), me ētahi atu.
– Kore-Taake: Kei roto ko ngā moni whiwhi kāwanatanga kore-taake (PNBP) pērā i ngā utu rangatira mai i ngā rauemi taiao, ngā moni whiwhi mai i ngā umanga kāwanatanga (BUMN), me ētahi atu.
– Ngā Tahua Tautoko: Ngā whiwhinga āwhina mai i ētahi atu whenua, i ngā umanga rānei o te ao.
2. Te Whakapaunga a te Kāwanatanga
Ko te whakapaunga a te kāwanatanga ko te tohatoha moni e whakamahia ana hei putea i ngā kaupapa me ngā mahi a te kāwanatanga. Ka taea te wehewehe i te whakapaunga a te kāwanatanga ki ngā wāhanga e rua:
– Ngā Whakapaunga a te Kāwanatanga Matua: Kei roto ko ngā whakapaunga mō ngā minitatanga me ngā umanga kāwanatanga me ngā whakapaunga whakahaere a te kāwanatanga.
– Ngā Whakawhiti ki ngā Rohe me ngā Pūtea o te Kāinga: Kei roto ko ngā pūtea tohatoha whānui (DAU), ngā pūtea tohatoha motuhake (DAK), me ētahi atu momo āwhina pūtea mō ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe.
Ngā Wero me ngā Take i roto i te Tahua a te Kāwanatanga
He hononga tata tonu te whakahaere i te tahua a te kāwanatanga ki ngā wero me ngā take maha me aro atu e te kāwanatanga. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko:
1. Te hapa tahua
He maha ngā wā, kāore e ranea ngā moni whiwhi a te kāwanatanga hei utu i ngā whakapaunga katoa kua whakaritea, ā, ka hua ake he nama tāpui. Ko te tikanga, ka utua e te kāwanatanga tēnei nama tāpui mā te nama. Heoi, ki te kore e whakahaerea tika, ka taea e te nama tāpui te arahi ki tētahi taumahatanga nama nui mō te whenua ā muri ake nei.
2. Te Whai Hua o te Hokohoko
He take nui te whai huatanga o te whakapaunga a te kāwanatanga. Ehara i te mea onge te tūtaki ki ngā take kāore e whakamahia paitia ana ngā moni kua tohaina, tae atu ki ngā wāhi e puta ai te tahae me te pirau. Ko te tirotiro pakari me te māramatanga o te whakahaere tahua te mea nui ki te whakatika i ēnei take.
3. Ngā Hiahia Whakawhanake
Nā te piki haere tonu o ngā hiahia mō te whanaketanga, ka uaua ake te whakatakoto tahua. Me whakataurite e te kāwanatanga te hiahia ki te whakatinana i ngā kaupapa whanaketanga me ngā āheinga pūtea o te kawanatanga.
4. Te Pūmautanga Ōhanga o te Ao
Ka pāngia hoki te whakaritenga me te whakatinanatanga o te tahua ā-motu e ngā āhuatanga ōhanga o te ao. Ka pā tika ngā piki me ngā heke o ngā utu o ngā taonga, ngā reiti whakawhiti moni, me ngā āhuatanga o te mākete o te ao ki ngā moni whiwhi me ngā whakapaunga a te kāwanatanga. Me whai rautaki urutau te kāwanatanga hei aro atu ki ngā āhuatanga ōhanga o te ao e huri haere ana.
Whakamutunga
He taputapu nui te Tahua ā-Motu (APBN) mā te kāwanatanga ki te whakahaere i ngā pūtea a te kāwanatanga me te whakatinana i ngā kaupapa whanaketanga maha. Ko te tuhi i te APBN me whai whakamahere tupato me te whai wāhi mai o ngā kaipupuri moni maha kia mōhio ai ka tautokohia e te tahua hua te whakatutukitanga o ngā whāinga ā-motu. Mā te whakarite me te whakahaere tika, ka taea e te APBN te noho hei taputapu kaha mō te whakatutuki i te oranga o te marea me te tipu ōhanga pumau.
