Te Tātari Kōrero me te Hanganga Hapori o te Mooni
Ko te tātari kōrero he huarahi i roto i ngā rangahau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā pūtaiao pāpori e tirotiro ana i te whakamahinga o te reo i roto i ngā tuhinga me ngā horopaki, me te āhua o te reo e hanga ana, e whakaata ana hoki i te ao pāpori. Ehara i te mea ko ngā mea anake e kōrerotia ana e tēnei huarahi engari ko te pēhea, te take, me ngā hua o te kōrero. I tēnei wā, ko te kōrero, ehara i te mea he whakaata noa iho i te ao tūturu engari he hanganga o te ao tūturu tonu. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka ruku hohonu ake tātou ki te tātari kōrero me te hanganga pāpori o te ao tūturu, me te āhua o te hononga me te awe o ēnei mea e rua ki ō tātou oranga pāpori.
Te Whakamāramatanga me te Hītori o te Tātari Kōrero
Ko te huarahi tātari kōrero he pūtake nō ngā momo marautanga maha, tae atu ki te reo, te hapori, te mātauranga tangata, me ngā rangahau pāpāho. Ko Michel Foucault, he tohunga whakaaro me te kaituhi hītori Wīwī, he tangata matua i roto i te whanaketanga o te ariā kōrero. I tautohe a Foucault ehara te kōrero i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-waha, ā-tuhi rānei, engari kei roto hoki i a ia ngā mahi pāpori, ngā umanga, me ngā hanganga e hanga ana i te mātauranga me te mana i roto i te hapori.
I roto i ngā wā, kua whanake te tātari kōrero ki ngā momo peka me ngā tikanga, tae atu ki te Tātari Kōrero Arohaehae, e arotahi ana ki te hura i ngā whanaungatanga mana e huna ana i muri i te kōrero. Ko ngā tino tangata rongonui i roto i te tātari kōrero arohaehae, pērā i a Norman Fairclough rāua ko Teun A. van Dijk, e tūhura ana i te āhua o te waihanga, te pupuri, me te wero a te reo me ngā tuhinga i ngā hanganga mana.
Ngā Ariā Taketake o te Hanganga Hapori o te Mooni
Ko te hanganga pāpori o te mooni he ariā pāpori e kī ana kāore te mooni e whakaaetia noa hei mea whai take engari ka hurihia anō hoki e te taunekeneke pāpori me te reo tangata. I whakaurua rongonuitia tēnei ariā e Peter L. Berger rāua ko Thomas Luckmann i roto i tā rāua pukapuka "The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge" (1966). E ai ki a rāua, kāore te mātauranga me te tikanga e kitea engari ka hangaia mā roto i ngā tukanga pāpori.
Mai i te tirohanga hanganga pāpori, ko ngā umanga, ngā tikanga, me ngā uara o te hapori ehara i te mea he meka tūturu kāore e taea te whakahē, engari he hua o te whakaae ā-iwi ka taea te huri i roto i te wā. Hei tauira, ko ngā ariā o te ira tangata, te whānau, tae noa ki te hauora me te mate ka kiia he hanganga pāpori ka rerekē puta noa i ngā ahurea me ngā wā.
Te Taunekeneke i waenganui i te Kōrero me te Hanganga Hapori o te Mooni
He hononga tata te tātari kōrero me te hanganga pāpori o te ao tūturu nā te mea e whakanui ana ēnei i te hiranga o te reo me te taunekeneke pāpori ki te hanga i ō tātou tirohanga ki te ao. Ehara i te mea ko te kōrero anake e whakaata ana i te ao tūturu engari e hanga ana, e hanga ana hoki. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e ngā pāpāho papatipu ētahi kōrero hei whakatakoto i ngā take tōrangapū i roto i ngā huarahi ka awe i te tirohanga a te marea. Ko ngā purongo, ngā tuhinga whakaaro, tae noa ki ngā pānuitanga ka waihanga i ngā kōrero ka taea te hanga i ō tātou tirohanga ki ētahi huihuinga me ngā rōpū pāpori.
He wāhi anō hoki tā te whaikōrero i roto i te whakamana me te whakawhāiti i te mana. I tēnei tikanga, ka taea te whakamahi i te whaikōrero hei whakakaha i te āhua o nāianei, hei wero rānei, hei whakarerekē rānei i ngā hanganga mana o nāianei. Arā, ehara i te mea he taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero anake te whaikōrero engari he taputapu whakahaere me te whakawātea.
Akoranga Take: Te Whakaaturanga Ira Tangata i roto i ngā Pāpāho
Hei tiro i te mahi a te kōrero me te hanganga pāpori o te ao tūturu i roto i te mahi, me tirotiro tātou i tētahi tauira ako mō te whakaaturanga ira tangata i roto i ngā pāpāho. He maha ngā wā ka whakaatahia, ka whakakahahia hoki e te whakaaturanga ira tangata i roto i ngā pāpāho ngā momo āhua ira tangata. Hei tauira, he maha ngā wā ka whakaatuhia ngā wāhine he hunga mangere, he hunga kare ā-roto, ā, he hunga herea ki ngā mahi ā-whare, ko ngā tāne ia ka whakaatuhia he hunga kaha, he hunga whakaaro nui, ā, he hunga whakatau kaupapa.
E whakaahuatia ana tēnei āhuatanga e te rangahau a Gaye Tuchman hei "whakangaromanga tohu," arā, ko ngā tūranga me ngā takoha a ngā wāhine i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha o te ao ka whakaitihia, ka warewarehia rānei. I roto i tēnei horopaki, ehara i te mea ko te ao pāpori anake te whakaata a ngā pāpāho engari he mahi kaha anō hoki tā rātou ki te hanga me te pupuri i ngā momo whakaaro ira tangata o nāianei.
Mā te tātari kōrero arohaehae mō te whakaaturanga ira tangata i roto i ngā pāpāho ka tuwhera ō tātou kanohi ki te āhua o te reo me ngā whakaahua e whakamahia ana hei whakakaha i te kore taurite o te ira tangata. Mā te hura i ēnei tauira kōrero, ka taea e tātou te tīmata ki te mārama me te wero i ngā hanganga pāpori hē.
Te Mātauranga hei Utauta Hanga Hapori
Ko te mātauranga tētahi atu wāhi e whai wāhi nui ana te kōrero ki te waihanga me te whakakaha i te ao pāpori. Ko te marautanga, ngā rauemi whakaako, me ngā tikanga whakaako e whakaata ana, e hanga ana hoki i ngā tikanga me ngā uara pāpori. I kī a Pierre Bourdieu ko te mātauranga he wāhi e whakamahia ai te "tūkino tohu", e whakamahia ai te mana ahurea me te mana pāpori mā te tukanga mātauranga.
I roto i te akomanga, ka taea e ngā kaiako te whakaū i ngā momo whakaaro mō te ira tangata, te iwi rānei, mā roto i ngā tauira e tukuna ana e rātou, te reo e whakamahia ana e rātou, tae noa ki te huarahi e whakahaere ana rātou i te akomanga. Mā te tātari kōrero i roto i ngā horopaki mātauranga ka āwhina i a tātou ki te kite me te wero i ēnei whakaaro huna.
Ngā Pānga me ngā Whakamahinga Whaihua
Mā te mārama ki te taunekeneke a te kōrero me te hanganga pāpori o te ao tūturu ka homai he taputapu ki a tātou hei awe i te huringa pāpori. Hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i te kōrero whānui ake, taurite ake hoki i roto i te mātauranga, pāpāho, me ētahi atu umanga, ka taea e tātou te tīmata ki te hanga i tētahi ao pāpori taurite ake, tika ake hoki.
I te wāhi mahi, mā te mārama ki te hanga o te kōrero i ngā tūranga me ngā tuakiri ka āwhina i te waihanga kaupapa here tika ake, whānui ake hoki. I roto i te ao tōrangapū, mā te mōhio ki te mana o te kōrero i roto i te hanga whakaaro o te marea ka taea te whakarato rautaki mō ngā kaupapa tautoko whai hua ake.
Whakamutunga
Ko te tātari kōrero me te hanganga pāpori o te mooni he ariā nui e rua hei mārama ki te āhua o te reo me ngā taunekeneke pāpori e hanga ana i ō tātou tirohanga ki te ao me tātou anō. Mā te tātari kōrero, ka taea e tātou te hura i ngā huarahi e whakamahia ai ngā tuhinga me ngā kōrerorero hei waihanga, hei pupuri, hei whakarerekē hoki i ngā hanganga mana me ngā tikanga pāpori . Mā tēnei ka taea e tātou te arotake ake i ngā mōhiohio e whiwhihia ana e tātou, me te kaha ake ki te hanga i tētahi mooni pāpori tika ake, taurite ake.
Mā tēnei māramatanga ka taea e tātou te neke atu i te noho hei kaihoko mangere o te ao pāpori, engari hei kaiwhakahaere hoki mō te huringa. Nō reira, he mea nui te tātari kōrero me te hanganga pāpori o te ao pāpori, ehara i te mea mō ngā mātauranga me ngā kairangahau anake, engari mō te hunga katoa e aro ana ki te tika pāpori me te huringa pai o te hapori.
