Te Rerekētanga o te Reo i roto i te Hapori
Ko te reo te taputapu matua a te tangata mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te kawe whakaaro, te hanga whanaungatanga, me te whiriwhiri tuakiri. Heoi, kāore te reo e noho i roto i te āhua kotahi, ōrite. I roto i te oranga o ia rā, ka tūtaki tātou ki ngā rerekētanga o ngā tauira kōrero i waenga i ngā tāngata takitahi, i waenga i ngā rōpū, tae atu ki roto i te kaikorero kotahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Ka kiia tēnei āhuatanga he rerekētanga reo. Ko te rerekētanga reo i roto i te hapori e whakaatu ana kei te whanake tonu te reo, e urutau ana ki ngā horopaki pāpori, ahurea, me te whenua, tae atu ki ngā hiahia whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a ōna kaikorero.
I te whakarapopototanga, ka taea te tautuhi i te rerekētanga reo ko te momo, te āhua rānei o te whakamahinga reo e rerekē ana, mai i te oro, te papakupu, te hanganga rerenga kōrero, tae atu ki te whiriwhiri i te momo kōrero. Ka puta tēnei rerekētanga nā te mea he rerekē ngā papamuri me ngā taiao o ngā kaikōrero. Ka pāngia te whiriwhiri reo e ngā rerekētanga o te tau, te mātauranga, te mahi, te tūnga pāpori, te ira tangata, te wāhi noho, me te āhuatanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Nō reira, he āhuatanga tūturu te rerekētanga reo, he āhuatanga nui hoki o te oranga o te reo i roto i te hapori.
Ko tētahi o ngā momo rerekētanga reo e tino kitea ana ko te rerekētanga ā-rohe, ā-whenua rānei. I roto i ngā rangahau reo pāpori, ka kiia tēnei rerekētanga he reo ā-iwi. Ko te reo ā-iwi he rerekētanga reo e whakamahia ana e te tangata i tētahi rohe, ā, he āhuatanga motuhake tōna i roto i te whakapuaki kupu, te papakupu, te wetereo rānei. I Indonesia, he tino kanorau ngā reo ā-iwi. Hei tauira, ko te reo Indonesian e kōrerohia ana i Jakarta, he maha ngā wā ka awehia e te papakupu Betawi me te momo kōrero ngāwari ake, ko ngā momo reo Indonesian i ētahi rohe o Sumatra, o Kalimantan rānei, he rerekē te reo me te whiriwhiri kupu. Ahakoa i roto i te reo ā-rohe kotahi, pērā i te reo Javanese, kei reira ngā reo ā-iwi mai i Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Banyumasan, me ētahi atu, ā, he kaha ngā āhuatanga ā-rohe o ia reo.
Haunga ngā rerekētanga ā-rohe, kei reira anō ngā rerekētanga o te reo i runga i ngā rōpū pāpori, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā reo pāpori. Ko ngā reo pāpori he rerekētanga e whakamahia ana e ētahi rōpū tāngata he rite te tūnga pāpori, te mātauranga, te ahurea rānei. Hei tauira, ko te reo e whakamahia ana e ngā tohunga mātauranga he nui ake te ōkawa me te kī tonu i ngā kupu pūtaiao, ko te reo ia o te hunga rangatahi e whakamahi ana i ngā kupu whakakatakata, ngā whakarāpopototanga, me ngā kupu auaha e whanake tonu ana. Ka kitea hoki ngā reo pāpori i roto i ngā rerekētanga o te whiriwhiri kupu i waenga i ngā rōpū ngaio. He kupu motuhake kei roto i ngā mara o te rongoā, te ture, me te hangarau, kāore pea i te tino mārama ki te marea, ka hangaia he "reo rōpū" e whakakaha ana i te tuakiri o ēnei mahi.
He hononga tata anō hoki te rerekētanga o te reo ki te horopaki e whakamahia ana, e kiia nei ko te rehita. Ka puta ake ngā rehita nā te rerekētanga o te horopaki me ngā whāinga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Tērā pea ka whakamahia e te tangata he reo rerekē ina kōrero ana ki ngā hoa tata i te wā e kōrero ana i roto i tētahi huihuinga ōkawa, e tuhi pūrongo ana rānei. Hei tauira, ko te rerenga "Kei te hiahia ahau kia aro mai koe" he tika ake mō ngā āhuatanga ōkawa, ko te "Hei, whakarongo mai tuatahi" he mea noa ake i roto i ngā kōrero noa. Ka kitea anō hoki ngā rehita i roto i ētahi mara, pērā i te reo kairīpoata, te reo pānuitanga, te reo kōrero, tae noa ki te reo pāpāho pāpori. He āhuatanga motuhake tō ia o ia: he poto, he whai kōrero te reo kairīpoata, he whakatenatena, he whakahihiri te reo pānuitanga, ko te reo pāpāho pāpori ia he whakanui i te tere, te whakapuakitanga, me te tere o te kōrero.
Haunga ngā reo ā-iwi, ngā reo pāpori, me ngā rehita, kei reira anō ngā momo reo e ahu mai ana i te taumata o te ōkawa, e kiia ana ko ngā momo paerewa me ngā momo kore-paerewa. E kiia ana ko ngā momo paerewa he ōkawa, ā, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā āhuatanga ōkawa, i te mātauranga, i te whakahaere, me ngā tuhinga ōkawa. Ko te tikanga, ka piri ēnei momo ki ngā ture wetereo me te tuhi kua whakatūria. I taua wā, ko ngā momo kore-paerewa he ngāwari ake, he maha ngā wā ka puta i roto i ngā kōrero o ia rā, ā, kāore i te whai i ngā ture ōkawa. Ehara i te mea he "hē" ngā momo kore-paerewa, engari he tika ki ngā hiahia whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e whakatairanga ana i te mōhio me te tere. He mea nui kia mārama ki tēnei rerekētanga kia taea ai e ngā kaikōrero te urutau ki te horopaki me te kore e whakahē i ngā momo reo o ētahi atu.
Ka kitea anō hoki te āhuatanga o te rerekētanga o te reo mā roto i te momo reo. E pā ana te momo reo ki te āhua o te hanga kōrero a te kaikōrero i runga i ngā whanaungatanga pāpori me ngā whāinga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Ina hiahia te tangata kia atawhai, ka whiriwhiri pea rātou i ngā kupu atawhai, ka whakamahi i ngā kupu whakaute, ka hanga rerenga kōrero rānei i runga i te kore ā-tikanga. I ētahi wā, i roto i ngā āhuatanga whaiaro, ka whakamahia e ngā kaikōrero ngā rerenga kōrero poto, tika, i ētahi wā me te whakakatakata. I roto i te horopaki o ētahi reo ā-rohe, he pūnaha uaua anō hoki te rerekētanga o te momo reo. Hei tauira, i roto i te reo Hāwani, kei reira ngā taumata kōrero pērā i te ngoko, te madya, me te krama, e whakamahia ana i runga i ngā whanaungatanga pāpori, te tau, me te whakaute.
Kāore hoki e taea te wehe i te putanga mai o te rerekētanga o te reo i te āhuatanga o te reo rua, te reo maha rānei, arā, te āhua e whakamahia ana e te hapori neke atu i te kotahi te reo. I Indonesia, he tokomaha ngā tāngata e tipu ake ana me te kōrero i tō rātou reo ā-rohe hei reo tuatahi, kātahi ka ako i te reo Indonesian, ā, he maha ngā wā ka ako i tētahi reo ke pērā i te reo Pākehā. I roto i te mahi, ka puta ake te āhuatanga o te whakawhiti waehere me te whakaranu waehere. Ka puta te whakawhiti waehere ina huri ngā kaikōrero mai i tētahi reo ki tētahi atu i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē, nā te huringa rānei o te kaikōrero. Ka puta te whakaranu waehere ina whakaurua ngā huānga o tētahi atu reo ki roto i tētahi rerenga kōrero kotahi, i tētahi kōrero rānei. Hei tauira, ka mea pea tētahi, "Ka whai hui ahau ā muri ake nei, āe? Whai muri i tēnā, me kai tāua." He mahi noa tēnei, ā, he rautaki whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tonu, ehara i te momo kāhua noa iho.
He maha ngā mahi pāpori a te rerekētanga o te reo i roto i te hapori. Tuatahi, ka taea e te rerekētanga te tohu i te tuakiri. Ko ngā reo ā-rohe e tohu ana i te takenga mai o te kaikorero, ko te reo kōrero a te hunga rangatahi ia e whakaatu ana i te mema o tētahi rōpū motuhake. Tuarua, ko te rerekētanga e hanga ana i te whanaungatanga tata, i te pupuri rānei i te tawhiti pāpori. Ka taea e ngā kōwhiringa reo noa te waihanga i tētahi āhuarangi hoahoa, ko te reo ōkawa ia e tohu ana i te whakaute, i te ngaiotanga rānei. Tuatoru, ko te rerekētanga reo e whakaatu ana i te hihiri o te mana me te mana. I roto i te maha o ngā hapori, ko ētahi momo reo paerewa, reo rānei e kiia ana he "teitei ake," ko ētahi e kiia ana he iti iho. Heoi, he pūnaha me ngā ture anō tō ia momo, ā, he mahi nui tāna i roto i te oranga pāpori o ōna kaikorero.
I tēnei ao matihiko, kei te tere haere te whanaketanga o ngā momo reo. Mā ngā pāpāho pāpori ka tere ake te horapa o ngā kupu hou, ngā meme, ngā whakarāpopototanga, me ngā momo whakapuakitanga ahurei. Ko ngā kupu pēnei i te "baper," "mager," "gas," "spill" rānei, he tauira ēnei o te whanaketanga o te reo mā te auahatanga ngātahi. Hei tāpiri, kua puta ake ngā momo tuhituhi e whai ana i te reo kōrero mā te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero matihiko, pērā i te whakamahinga o ngā reta roa ("iyaa"), ngā tohutō e whakahuatia ana ("!!!"), te ranunga rānei o ngā reo. E whakaatu ana tēnei āhuatanga kei te urutau tonu te reo ki te hangarau me ngā momo noho o te tangata.
Ahakoa he mea tūturu te rerekētanga o te reo, me whakawhanake te hapori i tētahi mōhiotanga reo pakari. Ehara i te mea ko te whakarite i ngā reo katoa kia ōrite, engari kia mārama ki te wā me te wāhi e tika ai te whakamahi i tētahi momo reo. Kaua te mātauranga reo e aro noa ki ngā ture paerewa engari me whakaako hoki i ngā pūkenga ki te whiriwhiri i ngā momo reo e tika ana mō te horopaki. Mā tēnei, ka taea e te tangata te kōrero noa me te kore e whakararu i te tikanga pai, me te tuhituhi ōkawa me te kore e whakararu i te mārama me te tika.
Hei whakamutunga, ko te rerekētanga o te reo i roto i te hapori e whakaata ana i te kanorau o te tangata. E whakaata ana i te noho tahi o ngā wheako, ahurea, me ngā tirohanga rerekē. Kaua e kiia he mea whakararuraru, engari me mārama te rerekētanga o te reo hei taonga e whakawhānui ana i ngā āheinga o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Mā te mārama ki te rerekētanga o te reo, ka taea e tātou te noho ngāwari ake ki te kōrero, te aro atu ki ētahi atu, me te maioha ake ki ngā tuakiri pāpori me ngā ahurea e mau ana i ia momo kōrero. Ehara ngā reo kanorau i te tohu wehewehe, engari he tohu kei te tipu tonu, kei te huri, kei te awe tonu ngā hapori tetahi i tetahi.
