Te Mātauranga Tangata me ngā Pūnaha Ako
Ko te mātauranga tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino taketake o te oranga tangata. Ehara i te mea he taputapu anake hei whakawhiti mātauranga engari he ara hoki mō te whakarerekētanga o te tangata i roto i te whanaketanga me te hanganga o te āhua. I roto i tēnei horopaki, he kaupapa nui te mātauranga tangata hei ako atu hei mārama ake i te tukanga mātauranga. Mā te mātauranga tangata tangata ka mārama ki te awe o te ahurea, ngā uara, ngā tikanga tuku iho, me te hanganga pāpori o te hapori, me te awe hoki o te pūnaha ako kua whakatinanahia.
Te Whakamāramatanga me te Whānuitanga o te Mātauranga Tangata
Ka taea te tautuhi i te mātauranga matatika hei peka o te mātauranga matatika e arotahi ana ki te ako i te māramatanga, te whakawhanaketanga, me te horapa o te mātauranga ki ngā hapori. Kei roto i tēnei ko te ako i ngā hanganga me ngā mahi mātauranga, te whanaungatanga i waenga i te mātauranga ōkawa me te mātauranga kore-ōkawa, me tōna pānga ki te ahurea me te hapori. Mā te tirohanga matatika, ka taea e tātou te mārama ki te mātauranga hei āhuatanga pāpori me te ahurea matatini, kaua ko te tukanga tuku mātauranga noa iho mai i te kaiako ki te ākonga.
Hītori o te Mātauranga Tangata
I tīmata te whanaketanga o te mātauranga matawhenua i te rautau 20 hei wāhanga o te urupare mātauranga ki ngā huringa nui o te pāpori me te ahurea. He nui ngā takoha a ngā tāngata pēnei i a Margaret Mead rāua ko Franz Boas i roto i ā rāua rangahau mō te tūranga o te mātauranga i roto i ngā hapori taketake me te awe o ngā pūnaha mātauranga ōkawa ki ō rātou ahurea. Mā te tirotiro tika me te whai wāhi atu, i āwhina ēnei tohunga matawhenua ki te tūhura i te tuku a ngā rōpū ahurea i ō rātou mātauranga me ngā uara mai i tētahi whakatipuranga ki tētahi whakatipuranga.
Ngā Pūnaha Ako i roto i te Tirohanga o te Mātauranga Tangata
Mai i te tirohanga a te mātauranga mataotao mātauranga, kāore e taea te wehe i ngā pūnaha ako mai i ngā horopaki ahurea me ngā horopaki pāpori e whanake ana. He maha ngā wā ka whakaatahia e ngā pūnaha mātauranga ngā uara pāpori matua, ngā tikanga pāpori, me ngā mana tōrangapū-ōhanga. Ka tirotirohia e te mātauranga mataotao mātauranga te kaha o ngā mahi ako i roto i ngā kura ōkawa ki te whakapakari, ki te wero rānei i ngā hanganga pāpori o nāianei.
Hei tauira, mā tētahi rangahau tangata ka tūhuratia te rerekētanga nui o te mātauranga i ngā tāone nui o Initonīhia i te mātauranga i ngā tāone nui. I ngā tāone nui, ka nui ake te whakauru o te mātauranga ki ngā mahi o ia rā me ngā mahi hapori, engari i ngā tāone nui, ka nui ake te whaimana o te mātauranga, ā, ka tukuna i roto i ngā akomanga pakari. E whakaatu ana tēnei i ngā rerekētanga ehara i te mea ko ngā tikanga whakaako anake engari ko ngā whāinga me ngā uara e whakatairangahia ana i roto i te tukanga mātauranga.
Ngā Awe Ahurea i roto i te Mātauranga
Ko tētahi o ngā huarahi matua e tirotirohia ai e te mātauranga mātauranga te mātauranga ko te awe o te ahurea ki a ia. Ka kitea te ahurea i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha o te pūnaha ako, pērā i te marautanga, ngā tikanga whakaako, ngā taunekeneke kaiako-ākonga, me ngā mahi i waho o te kura. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā hapori mahi tahi, pērā i ngā mea e kitea ana i Āhia ki te Rawhiti, he maha ngā wā ka whakanuia e te mātauranga te hiranga o te noho tahi pāpori, te ngohengohe ki te mana, me te mahi tahi a te rōpū. I taua wā, i roto i ngā hapori takitahi, pērā i te Hononga o Amerika, ka nui ake te aro o te mātauranga ki te herekoretanga takitahi, te auahatanga, me te whakaaroaro arohaehae.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, ka kitea anō te awe o te ahurea ki te mātauranga i roto i te whakaute me te tiaki a te mātauranga i te mātauranga o te rohe. I roto i te maha o ngā hapori taketake, ka whakauruhia ngā pūnaha mātauranga ōkawa me ngā pūnaha mātauranga kore-ōkawa ki ngā tikanga ahurea o te rohe. Hei tauira, i roto i ētahi iwi i Indonesia, ka tukuna iho te mātauranga mō te taiao me te mātauranga o te rohe mā roto i ngā kōrero tuku iho, ngā kanikani, me ngā kawa tuku iho e uru ana te whai wāhi kaha o ngā mema katoa o te hapori.
Mātauranga me te Tuakiri Ahurea
He mahi nui anō tā te mātauranga ki te hanga i te tuakiri ahurea. I roto i te tukanga mātauranga, ka akohia ngā tāngata ki ō rātou hītori, reo, uara, me ngā tikanga ahurea. Mā tēnei ka āwhina i ngā tāngata ki te tautuhi i a rātou anō hei wāhanga o tētahi hapori, ā, ka taea hoki e rātou te mārama ki ō rātou tūranga me ngā kawenga i roto i te hapori. Hei tauira, i ētahi kura i Kalimantan, ka uru pea ki ngā akoranga te whakaako i ngā tikanga Dayak, e āwhina ana i ngā ākonga kia whakahīhī ki ō rātou taonga tuku iho ahurea.
Heoi anō, ka taea hoki e ngā pūnaha mātauranga te noho hei wāhi mō ngā taupatupatu tuakiri. Ka kitea tētahi tauira o tēnei i ngā wāhi rerekē o te ao: ngā taupatupatu reo. Ina arotahi te mātauranga ki ngā reo ā-motu, ā-konga rānei, ka waihotia ngā reo taketake, ngā reo tokoiti rānei hei wāhi taha, ā, ka ngaro pea te tuakiri ahurea me te tuakiri reo.
Mātauranga Ōkawa me te Mātauranga Kore-Ōkawa
I roto i te ako i te mātauranga tangata, he mea nui hoki kia wehewehea te mātauranga ōkawa me te mātauranga ōkawa. Ko te mātauranga ōkawa e pā ana ki ngā pūnaha mātauranga hanganga e whakaratohia ana e te kāwanatanga, e ngā whare wānanga rānei, pērā i ngā kura me ngā whare wānanga. I taua wā, ko te mātauranga ōkawa e kapi ana i ngā momo ako katoa e puta ana i waho o ngā whare wānanga ōkawa, pērā i te kāinga, i te wāhi mahi, i te hapori rānei.
He maha ngā wā ka ngāwari ake te mātauranga ōkawa, ā, ka taea te urutau ki ngā hiahia o te hapori. Hei tauira, i roto i te maha o ngā hapori taketake, ko te mātauranga a ngā tamariki he whakauru kaha ki ngā mahi a ngā pakeke me te ako mā te wheako tika. I roto i tēnei horopaki, ka ako ngā tamariki i ngā pūkenga ora, ngā uara, me ngā mātauranga ā-rohe e tika ana mō te mahi i roto i ō rātou hapori.
Te Ao Whānui me te Mātauranga
He pānga nui anō hoki tō te ao whānui ki ngā pūnaha mātauranga. Ka kawea mai e ia ngā huringa hangarau, ōhanga, me te ahurea e awe ana i te huarahi e tukuna ana, e whiwhihia ana hoki te mātauranga. I tētahi taha, ka whakatuwherahia e te ao whānui te urunga atu ki ngā rauemi mātauranga whānui. Heoi, i tētahi atu taha, ka taea hoki e ia te whakawehi i te pumau o ngā ahurea ā-rohe me ngā tuakiri ahurea. I roto i tēnei horopaki, e whai ana te mātauranga mātauranga ki te mārama me te aromatawai i te pānga o te ao whānui ki te mātauranga ā-rohe, me pēhea hoki te whakamahi i te mātauranga hei taputapu hei pupuri i te tuakiri ahurea i te ao whānui.
Te Hanga Anō o te Pūnaha Ako
I te aro atu ki ngā wero o te ao whānui me te tere o te huringa pāpori, he mea tika kia hangaia anō te pūnaha ako. Me whānui, me whānui, me urutau te huarahi e whakatinanahia ana ki te horopaki o te rohe. Ko te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ahurea me ngā tikanga ā-rohe tētahi huarahi hei whakatutuki i tēnei whāinga.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, he mea nui te whakawhanake i tētahi marautanga e whakaute ana i te kanorau ahurea. Ehara i te mea ko te mātauranga whakauru anake te tikanga o te urunga ōrite engari e whakaute ana hoki i te ahurei me te taonga ahurea o ia tangata. I tēnei whakaaro, ka taea e te huarahi mātauranga matawhenua te whakarato i tētahi tirohanga whai kiko mō te hoahoa i ngā marautanga me ngā tikanga whakaako e aro nui ake ana ki ngā horopaki pāpori-ahurea.
Te Katinga
He anga whai rawa te mātauranga matatika mō te mārama ki ngā pūnaha ako i roto i te horopaki whānui o te ahurea me te pāpori. Mā te whakauru i ngā rangahau matatika ki roto i te whakamahere me te whakatinanatanga o ngā pūnaha mātauranga, ka taea e tātou te waihanga i ngā taiao ako whānui ake, urutau ake, ā, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana e te ao, me te whakaute me te tiaki i te ahurei ā-rohe. I runga i te uaua o ngā take mātauranga i tēnei wā hou, ehara i te mea he mea tika anake ngā huarahi whakawhitiwhiti mātauranga pērā i te matatika mātauranga engari he mea nui hoki mō te whakatairanga i ngā mahi mātauranga tika ake, whai tikanga ake hoki.
