Te Pūoro Anthropology me te Whakaaturanga Ahurea
Pendahuluan
Ko te mātauranga tangata puoro he rangahau e whakakotahi ana i te ariā me te tikanga mātauranga tangata me te ako i te puoro kia mārama ai ki te mahi a te puoro hei wāhanga nui o te ahurea tangata. I roto i tēnei horopaki, e titiro ana te mātauranga tangata puoro ki te puoro ehara i te mea he raupapa oro anake engari he whakaaturanga ahurea hoki e whakaata ana i ngā uara, ngā tikanga tuku iho, te tuakiri, me te hītori o tētahi hapori.
Te Puoro hei Āhuatanga Ahurea
He maha ngā wā, ko te puoro te huarahi e whakaatu ai ngā tāngata takitahi me ngā hapori i ō rātou tuakiri. Ka taea e te puoro te kōrero mō ngā takenga mai, ngā pakanga, ngā tumanako me ngā moemoeā o tētahi rōpū pāpori. Hei tauira, he mea nui te puoro ki ngā kawa me ngā hui puta noa i ngā ahurea maha, mai i ngā whānautanga ki ngā tangihanga, mai i ngā whakanuinga kotinga ki ngā hui whakapono. He tikanga hohonu tō ia momo puoro i roto i ēnei horopaki, ā, he huarahi anō hoki hei kawe i ngā karere ahurea whānui.
Te Pūoro Iwi
Ko te mātauranga iwi he peka pūtaiao e ako ana i te puoro i roto i tōna horopaki ahurea. E whai ana ngā tohunga mātauranga iwi kia mārama, ehara i te mea ko te puoro anake, engari ko ngā mahi pāpori hoki e karapoti ana i a ia. Nā tōna whakamahinga i roto i ngā horopaki pāpori, kawa, tae atu ki ngā horopaki tōrangapū, ka nui ake te puoro i te whakangahau anake, engari he taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te tuakiri hoki.
Te Whakaaturanga Ahurea mā te Puoro
Waihoki, he huarahi matua anō hoki te puoro hei whakaatu i te ahurea. E pā ana tēnei ki te māramatanga me te whakamaoritanga o tētahi ahurea e te hunga o waho o te rōpū. Hei tauira, he maha ngā wā e hono ana te puoro reggae ki a Jamaica me te kaupapa Rastafari. Ahakoa kua whanake te reggae, ā, kua whakaaetia puta noa i te ao, kei te mau tonu ngā āhuatanga o te ahurea Jamaica me te karere Rastafari i roto i te momo puoro. Ko te whanaketanga o te puoro reggae i waho o Jamaica, i tētahi taha, kua āwhina i te whakawhānui ake i te māramatanga o te tangata ki te ahurea Jamaica, i tētahi atu taha, tera pea kua ara ake ētahi momo whakaaro tawhito.
Puoro Tuku Iho me te Ao Whānui
Ko tētahi take e ara ake ana i roto i te rangahau i te mātauranga tangata waiata ko te āhua o te oranga tonutanga o te puoro taketake i waenganui i te ao whānui. He pānga nui tō te ao whānui ki ngā puoro ā-iwi me ngā puoro tuku iho. Kei te āwangawangahia kei memeha haere te taonga tuku iho o ngā puoro tuku iho i te rerenga mai o ngā huānga puoro o te Hauāuru, inā koa ko ērā o ētahi iwi, o ētahi rohe rānei. Heoi anō, kei reira anō te tirohanga ka puta mai i tēnei taunekeneke ngā momo auaha e whakarei ake ana i ngā mea e rua.
Hei tauira, kua rongonui haere te gamelan o Indonesia i te ao whānui. Heoi, i roto i te tukanga urutau me te horapa ki roto i ētahi atu ahurea, ka puta ngā whakarerekētanga, ngā momo toi, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga kāore pea i roto i ngā whakamaoritanga tuku iho o Indonesia. Nā tēnei ka arahina tātou ki ngā kōrero mō te pono me te whakaaturanga, he mea tino uaua pea.
Puoro me te Tuakiri Hapori
He mea nui anō hoki te mahi a te puoro ki te hanga i ngā tuakiri pāpori takitahi me ngā tuakiri rōpū . Mā roto i ngā kupu waiata, te manawataki, me te reo, ka taea e te puoro te waihanga i ngā kōrero mō te tuakiri me te kotahitanga. Ka kitea tēnei i roto i te ahurea hip-hop, i puta mai i ngā hapori Āwherika-Amerika i te Hononga o Amerika i ngā tau 1970. I riro te hip-hop hei tūāpapa mō te whakapuaki i ngā āhuatanga pāpori me te tōrangapū , tae atu ki ngā pouri.
I roto i ngā wā, kua whanake te hip-hop hei āhuatanga o te ao, kua urutauhia ki ngā whenua me ngā hapori rerekē. I roto i ia horopaki ā-rohe, ka whakarerekētia ngā āhuatanga o te hip-hop hei whakaata i ngā take ā-rohe, ngā reo, me ngā wheako rerekē o te ao. Waihoki, e whakaatu ana tēnei i te mahi a te puoro hei wāhi hihiri mō te whakaaturanga ahurea me te tōrangapū.
Ngā Waiata ā-Rohe me ngā Tikanga Ahurea
Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga nui o te mātauranga tangata puoro ko te ako i ngā kawa puoro i roto i ngā ahurea o te rohe. Ka taea e ēnei kawa te ahu mai i ngā hui tapu ki ngā hakari hapori, ā, he mahi nui tā rātou ki te hanga anō i te tikanga ahurea. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā ahurea o Āwherika, ehara i te mea he taonga puoro noa iho ngā pahu engari he taputapu whakawhitiwhiti wairua anō hoki e taea ai te hono i te ao tangata ki ngā wairua o ngā tūpuna.
I Bali, Initonīhia, e whakamahia ana te gamelan i roto i te nuinga o ngā karakia me ngā tikanga tuku iho. Ehara i te mea he taputapu tautoko noa iho tēnei engari he tohu hoki mō te rangimarie o te ao, e whakaatuhia ana i roto i te oranga o ia rā o te iwi Bali. I roto i ēnei horopaki kawa, ehara i te mea he whakangahau anake te puoro engari he wāhanga nui o te oranga wairua me te oranga pāpori.
Te Puoro hei Waenga mō te Whakahē me te Huringa Hapori
He maha hoki ngā wā ka whakamahia te puoro hei taputapu hei whakapuaki i te whakahē me te whakatairanga i te huringa pāpori. Mai i ngā wā onamata ki tēnei ao hou, he mea nui te puoro mō ngā kaupapa pāpori me ngā kaupapa tōrangapū. Kua waiho ngā waiata whakahē hei huarahi hei whakaatu i te riri, hei tautoko i ngā tika tangata , me te whakaoho i te marea ki te huringa.
Ko tētahi tauira pai ko te puoro ā-iwi o Amerika i ngā tau 1960, i reira ngā waiata pēnei i te waiata a Bob Dylan "Blowin' in the Wind" i noho hei waiata mō te kaupapa mō ngā tika tangata. I ngā whenua whakawhanake, i ētahi wā ka noho te waiata hei taputapu ātete ki ngā kāwanatanga pehi. I Chile, i te wā o te junta hōia, ka noho te puoro a Nueva Canción Chilena hei momo ātete kaha ki te mana whakahaere.
Ngā Auahatanga o te Ao Puoro ā-Mārama
He maha ngā wero me ngā whai wāhitanga e tatari ana ki te heke mai o te mātauranga ahurea puoro. Ko tētahi wero nui ko te pupuri i te taurite i waenga i te tiaki i ngā puoro tuku iho me te noho tuwhera ki te auahatanga me te huringa. Nā te whanaketanga hangarau, kei te piki haere te rongonui o te puoro hei āhuatanga o te ao, ā, kei te pōuri haere ngā rohe ahurea.
Kua tino hurihia hoki te ao puoro e te hangarau matihiko, ā, kua nui ake te huarahi a ngā kaitoi ki te whakaputa, ki te tohatoha, me te whakatairanga i ā rātou mahi. Ka hangaia e tēnei āhuatanga he maha ngā whai wāhitanga mō te kanorau o ngā puoro o te ao, engari he wero anō hoki ki te whakarite kia mau tonu te pono me te kore e whakapohehetia ngā whakaaturanga ahurea o nāianei.
Whakamutunga
He mara whai rawa, he mara uaua hoki te mātauranga tangata puoro, e whakarato ana i tētahi matapihi ki te āhua o te mahi a te puoro hei whakaata me te whakaatu i te ahurea. Mā te mārama ki te puoro i roto i tōna horopaki pāpori, ahurea, me te hītori, ka taea e tātou te maioha ake ki te kanorau me te whai rawa o te ahurea tangata. Ehara te puoro i te whakakotahitanga noa o te manawataki me te rangi; he kōrero whatu anō hoki mō te tuakiri, te pakanga, me ngā moemoeā e whiti ana i ngā rohe whenua me te wā.
