Ka wehewehe ʻana o kahi telescope astronomical (binoculars)
ʻO ke kelepona hōkū a i ʻole nā binocular astronomical he mea hana maka i hoʻohana ʻia e kōkua i ka maka e ʻike i nā mea lani e like me nā hōkū, nā hōkūhele, nā satelite, a pēlā aku. ʻOiai he nui loa ka nui o nā mea lani, ua mamao loa ka mamao ma waena o nā mea lani i ka wā e nānā ʻia ai me ka maka, ʻike ʻia nā mea lani he liʻiliʻi. Hana nā kelepona hōkū e hoʻonui i ke kiʻi o nā mea lani i hiki ke ʻike maopopo ʻia me ka maka.
ʻO ka nui kihi ke kumu e hoʻoholo ai i ka nui o ke kiʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka retina. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma luna, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ka mea, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui kihi a no laila ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ke kiʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka retina. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ke kiʻi ma ka retina ke kumu e paʻakikī ai ka maka e ʻike maopopo i nā mea liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai ke nānā ʻia mai kahi kokoke maʻamau a i ʻole mai kahi mamao o 25 cm.
Ke Hoʻomaopopo nei i nā Microscopes
ʻO ka microscope kahi mea hana maka i hoʻohana ʻia e kōkua i ka maka e ʻike maopopo i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa, kahi paʻakikī ke ʻike pololei i kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi loa me ka maka a i ʻole ke aniani hoʻonui.
ʻElua ʻano microscope: nā microscope māmā a me nā microscope electron . Kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i nā microscope māmā a pehea lākou e hana ai e pili ana i ke kumuhana o nā optics geometric, me ka refraction māmā, ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kiʻi, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kiʻi o kahi mea me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā aniani.
Ma mua o ke aʻo ʻana i kēia ʻatikala, he mea maikaʻi iā ʻoe ke aʻo mua i ka loiloi o nā aniani hoʻonui a i ʻole nā loupes i hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i kēia ʻatikala me ka maʻalahi a me ka wikiwiki.
1. Ke nānā nei kekahi mea noiʻi i kahi lau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi aniani convex me ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o 25/3 cm ma ke ʻano he aniani hoʻonui. ʻO wai ka ʻōlelo i pololei?
(1) Ua like ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kihi me 4 inā he 25 kenimika ka mamao o ke kiʻi hope loa o ka mea.
(2) Ua like ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kihi me 3 inā aia ke kiʻi hope loa o ka mea ma ka palena ʻole.
(3) ʻO ka mana o ka lens convex he 12 Diopters
(4) ʻO ka mamao o ke kiʻi maoli he 25/3 kenimika inā ʻo ka mamao o ka mea he 50/3 kenimika.
Pahana
Ka wehewehe ʻana o ke aniani hoʻonui
ʻO ke aniani hoʻonui, a i ʻole ka mea hoʻonui maʻalahi, he aniani convex i hoʻohana ʻia e kōkua i ka maka e ʻike i nā mea paʻakikī ke ʻike pololei, e like me ke kākau liʻiliʻi loa. Ua kapa ʻia ke aniani hoʻonui he mea hoʻonui maʻalahi no ka mea he palena kona hiki ke hoʻonui i ke kiʻi o kahi mea. Ma ka haʻawina aʻe, e aʻo ʻoe e pili ana i nā mea hoʻonui ʻaʻole maʻalahi e like me nā microscope , nā telescope terrestrial , a me nā telescope.
3 mau laʻana o nā nīnau aniani maka
1. Manaʻo ʻia he mau aniani kou e kau ana i nā aniani me ka mana o -2 diopters. Nā aniani maka ma ke ʻano maʻamau he 2 kenimika mai ka maka.
(a) He mau aniani kou hoaaloha aniani ʻūpā a i ʻole aniani ʻōpuʻu ?
(b) He aha ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ke aniani?
(c) Nā maka o kou hoaaloha ʻike kokoke a i ʻole ʻike mamao Inā ʻike kokoke ʻoe, he aha ka mamao loa e hiki ai i kou mau maka ke ʻike? Inā ʻike kokoke ʻoe, he aha ka mamao kokoke loa e hiki ai i kou mau maka ke ʻike?
2 Nā laʻana o nā nīnau e pili ana i nā mea hana maka aniani hoʻopili
1. Manaʻo ʻoe e hoʻohana ana i kahi aniani hoʻopili me ka mana o -5 diopters. Hoʻopili ʻia ka aniani hoʻopili i ka maka i hiki ai i ka mamao ma waena o ka aniani a me ka aniani nā aniani hoʻopili a ua manaʻo ʻia nā maka he ʻole.
(a) Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā aniani hoʻopili aniani ʻūpā a i ʻole aniani ʻōpuʻu ?
(b) He aha ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ke aniani?
(c) ʻO ʻoe ʻike kokoke a i ʻole ʻike mamao Inā ʻike kokoke ʻoe, he aha ka mamao loa e hiki ai i kou mau maka ke ʻike? Inā ʻike kokoke ʻoe, he aha ka mamao kokoke loa e hiki ai i ka maka ke ʻike?
2 Nā laʻana o nā nīnau e pili ana i nā mea hana maka maka
1. He kanaka nona nā maka maʻamau ke nānā nei i kahi mea ma kahi mamao loa, kahi i palena ʻole ai ke kiko mamao o ka maka maʻamau. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens maka ua like ia me ka mamao ma waena o ka cornea a me ka retina, ʻo ia hoʻi he 2,5 cm, e hoʻoholo (a) ka mamao o ke kiʻi, (b) ka mana o ka lens.
Pahana
ʻO ka hana a ka ʻōnaehana cornea-lens o ka maka e hoʻohuli a hoʻopili i nā kukuna mālamalama e komo ana i ka maka. Inā ʻo ka cornea wale nō ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, e manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka cornea wale nō ka mea e hoʻohuli i nā kukuna mālamalama. Hana ka cornea e like me ka lens convex a i ʻole ka lens convex. aniani hoʻohuihui ka mea e kālele ana i ke kukuna mālamalama i hoʻokahi kiko.
2 Nā laʻana o nā nīnau aniani pālua convex-concave
1. He 30 kenimika ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o kahi aniani convex a he 20 kenimika ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o kahi aniani concave i kau ʻia ma kahi kokoke i kekahi me kahi mamao ma waena o nā aniani ʻelua he 150 kenimika. Inā he 40 kenimika ka mea i mua o ka aniani convex, e hoʻoholo i ka mamao o ke kiʻi a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kiʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka aniani. aniani ʻōpuʻu a hiki aniani ʻūpā ka!
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia:
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o kahi aniani convex (f1) = +30 kenimika
He maikaʻi ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o kahi aniani convex no ka mea hele ke kukuna kukui ma o ke kiko kikowaena o ka aniani convex.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o kahi aniani concave (f2) = -20 kenimika
2 Nā laʻana o nā nīnau aniani pālua convex convex
1. ʻElua mau aniani convex, me ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o 20 kenimika a me 30 kenimika kēlā me kēia, ua kau kokoke ʻia, me ka mamao ma waena o nā aniani convex ʻelua he 70 kenimika. Aia kahi mea he 30 kenimika ma mua o ka aniani mua. E hoʻoholo i ka mamao o ke kiʻi a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kiʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā aniani ʻelua. aniani ʻōpuʻu ka!
Pahana